• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.753-765
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• 2011

The radial vibration behaviors of a circular cylindrical composite piezoelectric transducer (CPT) are investigated. The CPT is composed of a piezoelectric ring polarized in the radial direction and an elastic ring graded in power-law variation form along the radial direction. The governing equations for plane stress state problem under the harmonic excitation are derived and the exact solutions for both piezoelectric and functionally graded elastic rings are obtained. The characteristic equations for resonant and anti-resonant frequencies are established. The presented methodology is fit to carry out the parametric investigation for composite piezoelectric transducers (CPTs) with arbitrary thickness in radial direction. With the aid of numerical analysis, the relationship between the radial vibration behaviors of the cylindrical CPT and the material inhomogeneity index of the functionally graded elastic ring as well as the geometric parameters of the CPTs are illustrated and some important features are reported.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2023

In the case of a wire with a very fine diameter during the multi-stage drawing process, the heterogeneity of the deformation in the radial direction tends to develop strongly as the amount of deformation is accumulated. It is known that the heterogeneity of deformation in the radial direction of the wire is closely related to the process parameters during the multi-stage drawing process. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to theoretically examine the effect of friction between the surface of the wire and the drawing die during the multi-stage drawing process of Cu-0.2wt%Mg alloy on the deformation heterogeneity developed in the radial direction of the wire. The distribution of effective strain, radial strain, circumferential strain, and shear strain developed in the radial direction of the wire during the multi-stage drawing process was analyzed while changing the friction coefficient, and the results were analyzed and compared for each path and position. The FEA results revealed that the shear strain developed in the radial direction of the wire during the multi-stage drawing process of Cu-0.2wt%Mg alloy showed the most non-uniform distribution and was also severely affected by the friction coefficient.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1379-1388
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• 2008

In this paper, we present the equations of motion by which the natural vibration of a rotating annular disk can be accurately analyzed. These equations are derived from the theory of finite deformation and the principle of virtual work. The radial displacements of annular disk which is rotating at constant angular velocity are determined by non-linear equations formulated using 1-dimensional finite elements in radial direction. The equations of the in-plane vibrations at disturbed state are also formulated using 1-dimensional finite elements in radial direction along the number of nodal diameters. They are expressed as in functions of the radial displacements at the steady state and the disturbed displacements about the steady state. In-plane static deformation modes of the annular disk are used as the interpolation functions of 1-dimensional finite elements in radial direction. The natural vibrations of an annular disk with different boundary conditions are analyzed by using the presented model and the 3-dimensional finite element model to verify accuracy of the presented equations of motion. Its results are compared and discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1968

Recently, in this department, pressure-displacement curve and breaking tension of dog and human tympanic membrane were studied using intact, fresh or dried tympanic membrane attached to external auditory meatus. However, physical property, proper elasticity-Young Modulus, of the tympanic membrane has not been clarified yet. Present study is attempted to further clarify proper Young Modulus of tympanic membrane, and to distinguish possible difference between layer of stratum radiatum and layer of stratum circulare of tympanic membrane in breaking tension and in Young Modulus. Tympanic membrane was excised from sacrificed dog, and preparation was made into the size of approximately 1 mm in width and 3 mm in length. In fresh or dried tympanic membrane, which was dried at $80^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs., some preparations were made along the long axis parallel to the fibers of radial direction, and others were made along the long axis perpendicular to the radial fibers-circular direction. Breaking tension and displacement according to loading, were measured and Young Modulus was calculated in tympanic membrane preparations under the different experimental conditions. Results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Young Modulus of fresh tympanic membrane in radial direction was $6.57{\times}10^8\;dyne/cm^2$, and that of fresh preparation in circular direction was $1.68{\times}10^8\;dyne/cm^2$. The Young Modulus of fresh tympanic membrane in radial direction resembles to that of silk and whale moustache. In dried tympanic membrane, Young Modulus of preparation of radial direction was $30.2{\times}10^8\;dyne/cm^2$ and that of preparation in circular direction was $25.0{\times}10^8\;dyne/cm^2$. 2. Breaking tension of fresh tympanic membrane was 44.9 gm/mm in radial preparation, and 7.9 gm/mm in circular preparation. In dried tympanic membrane, breaking tension was 46.7 gm/mm in preparation of radial direction, and 17.2 gm/mm in preparation of circular direction. 3. Much smaller breaking tension of the circular preparation-one fifth to the radial preparation-seemed to be responsible for the higher incidence of circular fiber breaking in tympanic membrane performation caused by trauma or sudden change in atmospheric pressure. 4. The correlation seemed to be very close between breaking tension and Young Modulus in tympanic membrane.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.535-541
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• 2019

Combining the radial well drilling and hydraulic fracturing technique, the production capacity of the reservoirs with low-permeability can be improved effectively. Due to the existence of radial holes, the stress around the well is redistributed, and the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures are different with those in traditional hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influences of radial horizontal wells on hydraulic fracturing. The laboratory experiment was conducted to simulate the hydraulic fracturing on the physical model with radial holes. The experimental results showed that, compared with the borehole without radial holes, the sample with radial hole in the direction of maximum horizontal stress was fractured with significantly lower pressure. As the angle between direction of the horizontal hole and the maximum horizontal stress increased, the breakdown pressure grew. While when the radial hole was drilled towards the direction of the minimum horizontal stress, the breakdown pressure increased to that needed in the borehole without radial holes. When the angle between the radial hole and the maximum horizontal stress increase, the pressure required to propagate the fractures grew apparently, and the fracture become complex. Meanwhile, the deeper the radial hole drilled, the less the pressure was needed for fracturing.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1990

The characteristics of radial thickness of ice jam at the center part of channel bends were analyzed briefly in this paper. Jam thickness in channel bends increases both toward the inner bank, and dowmstream. For this study, slope at the jam's underside was assumed to be liner with similarity of radial slope of bed in alluvial bends. Radial slope at the jam's underside in floating ice elements was estimated using the force equilibrium theory in the radial direction. The eqution which can be estimated the radial slope of ice jam was suggested using Falcon and Kennedy's bed layer theory. Experimental data, which were measured at the center part of cross-section in a single 180-degree bend, were compared to the calculated values using the suggested equtions. The result shows that the calcultated values were smaller than the measured ones. Ot is considered that the estimated value of shear stress in the radial direction may be smaller than the actual and two-layer model may be not suibable for alluvial bend flow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.8 s.179
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• pp.2123-2130
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• 2000

Radial immersion ratio is an important factor to determine the threshold in face milling and should be estimated in process for automatic force regulation. In this paper, presented is a method of on-line estimation of the radial immersion ratio using cutting force. When a tooth finishes sweeping, sudden drop of cutting forces occurs. This force drop is equal to the cutting force that acts on a single tooth at the swept angle of cut and can be obtained from cutting force signal in feed and cross-feed direction. The ratio of cutting forces in feed and cross-feed directions acting on the single tooth at the swept angle of cut is a function of the swept angle of cut and the ratio of radial to tangential cutting force. In the research, it is found that the ratio of radial to tangential cutting force is not affected by cutting conditions and axial rake angle. Therefore, the ratio of radial to tangential cutting force determined by just one preliminary experiment can be used regardless of the cutting conditions. Using the measured cutting force and predetermined ratio, the radial immersion ratio is estimated. Various experiments show that the radial immersion ratio and instantaneous ratio of the radial to tangential direction cutting force can be estimated very well by the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

This paper investigates the penetration of essential oil into radial and longitudinal directions of Castanea crenata. Present study was performed to know the essential oil penetration depth in radial and longitudinal direction of Castanea crenata. Essential oil penetration depth was found higher in longitudinal direction than in radial direction and it was about 53 times high at 15.0 second of penetration. In early wood, fiber conducted oil more than that of large vessel. In heartwood, fiber had played an important role for the conduction of oil. But in sapwood, small vessel conducted oil deeper than wood fiber, which was also significantly different from large. On the other hand, large vessel in heartwood had statistically lower penetration depth than that of fiber and small vessel. At the beginning of penetration the speed was high and gradually decreased in course of time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

In this paper , presented is a method of on-line estimation of the radial immersion ratio and cutting force ratio using cutting force. When a tooth finishes sweeping, sudden drop of cutting forces occurs. These force drops are equal to the cutting forces that act on a single tooth at the swept angle of cut and can be obtained from cutting force signals in feed and crossfeed directions. The ratio of cutting forces in feed and cross-feed directions acting on the single tooth at the swept angle of cut is a function of the swept angle of cut and the ratio of radial to tangential cutting force. In the research, it is found that the ratio of radial to tangential cutting force is not affected by cutting conditions and axial rake angle. Therefore, the ratio of radial to tangential cutting force determined by just one preliminary experiment can be used regardless of the cutting conditions. Using the measured cutting forces, the radial immersion ratio is estimated along with the cutting force ratio at that immersion angle. Various experiments show that the radial immersion ratio and instantaneous ratio of the radial to tangential direction cutting force can be estimated by the proposed method very well.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to observe the safranine penetration depth in radial directions of Populus tomentiglandulosa. Radial penetration was considered from bark to pith. In radial direction, ray parenchyma and intercellular space were considered for the measurement of safranine penetration depth. It was found that sapwood conducted safranine 24.23% higher in radial direction compared with heartwood. Intercellular space conducted safranine 39.27% higher depth compared with ray parenchyma and the penetration depth was 39.41% higher in sapwood compared to heartwood. During safranine penetration, it formed a curvature in the lumen of ray parenchyma. Initially safranine penetration was found high and decreased gradually.