• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2019

Numerous water disasters have recently occurred all over the world, including South Korea, due to global climate change in recent years. As water-related disasters occur extensively and their sites are difficult for people to access, it is necessary to monitor them using satellites. The Ministry of Environment and K-water plan to launch the next-generation medium satellite No. 5 (water resource/water disaster satellite) equipped with C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in 2025. C-band SAR has the advantage of being able to observe water resources twice a day at a high resolution both day and night, regardless of weather conditions. Currently, RADARSAT-2 and Sentinel-1 equipped with C-band SAR achieve the purpose of their launch and are used in various environmental fields such as forest structure detection and coastline change monitoring, as well as for unique purposes including the detection of flooding, drought and soil moisture change, utilizing the advantages of SAR. As such, this study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the next-generation medium satellite No. 5 and its application in environmental fields. Our findings showed that it can be used to improve the degree of precision of existing environmental spatial information such as the classification accuracy of land cover map in environmental field works. It also enables us to observe forests and water resources in North Korea that are difficult to access geographically. It is ultimately expected that this will enable the monitoring of the whole Korean Peninsula in various environmental fields, and help in relevant responses and policy supports.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2022

Land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is an important factor in geospatial analysis. Although highly precise ground-based LULC monitoring is possible, it is time consuming and costly. Conversely, because the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor is an all-weather sensor with high resolution, it could replace field-based LULC monitoring systems with low cost and less time requirement. Thus, LULC is one of the major areas in SAR applications. We developed a LULC model using only KOMPSAT-5 single co-polarized data and digital elevation model (DEM) data. Twelve HH-polarized images and 18 VV-polarized images were collected, and two HH-polarized images and four VV-polarized images were selected for the model testing. To train the LULC model, we applied the conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) method. We used U-Net combined with the residual unit (ResUNet) model to generate the cGAN method. When analyzing the training history at 1732 epochs, the ResUNet model showed a maximum overall accuracy (OA) of 93.89 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.91. The model exhibited high performance in the test datasets with an OA greater than 90. The model accurately distinguished water body areas and showed lower accuracy in wetlands than in the other LULC types. The effect of the DEM on the accuracy of LULC was analyzed. When assessing the accuracy with respect to the incidence angle, owing to the radar shadow caused by the side-looking system of the SAR sensor, the OA tended to decrease as the incidence angle increased. This study is the first to use only KOMPSAT-5 single co-polarized data and deep learning methods to demonstrate the possibility of high-performance LULC monitoring. This study contributes to Earth surface monitoring and the development of deep learning approaches using the KOMPSAT-5 data.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_4호
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• pp.1503-1517
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• 2018

백두산은 중국과 북한의 국경 경계에 위치하고 있는 성층화산으로 신생대 올리고세 이후 주요 분화 단계를 거쳐 형성된 것으로 알려져 있다. 2010년 이후 마그마 재활동으로 인한 백두산 화산활동 여부에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 백두산 화산 활동을 감시하기 위한 연구는 기상청, 한국지질자원연구원 등 국가기관 중심으로 활발히 수행되고 있다. 2018년에는 한-중 백두산 공동 관측 장기연구 과제가 선정되었으며 이로부터 화산특화연구센터가 설립되기도 하였다. 그러나 백두산은 우리나라로부터 지리적으로 멀리 떨어져 있어 접근에 대한 제약이 있을 뿐만 아니라 백두산 화산 주변에 설치되어 있는 현장 관측 장비로부터 수집된 현장 자료의 공유 혹은 접근이 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 원격탐사는 직접적인 물리적 접촉 없이 대상 물체에 대한 특성을 원격으로 측정하는 수단으로서, 대상물의 관측을 위해 자동차, 무인기, 항공기, 인공위성 등 여러 형태의 플랫폼이 사용된다. 지난 수십 년 간, 다양한 파장 대역에서의 전자기파를 이용한 원격탐사 자료를 활용하여 화산 감시 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 특히 레이더 원격탐사는 주야조건, 기상조건에 관계없이 자료를 획득할 수 있을 뿐만아니라 위상정보를 이용한 레이더 위상간섭기법을 통한 미세 지표 변위 관측이 가능하여 매우 널리 이용되고 있는 화산 감시 기술이다. 본 논문의 목적은 백두산 화산 관측을 위해 수행된 기존 원격탐사 연구 문헌을 수집하고 동향을 파악하는 것이다. 또한 지속적인 화산 감시를 위한 가용 영상레이더 위성정보를 조사하여 향후 이를 바탕으로 백두산 화산 지표 변위의 주기적 탐지 연구를 수행하는데 활용할 예정이다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.893-899
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 하상이 단단한 지질구조로 이루어진 하상조건에서의 실제적인 세굴현상을 파악하기 위해 실시간 교량세굴 모니터링 시스템을 설치하여 홍수시의 세굴심을 측정하였다. 또한, 홍수 전$\cdot$후의 지반구조를 측정할 수 있는 GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar)탐사를 통하여 홍수로 인한 세굴가능성을 면밀히 파악하였다. 이와 같은 연구과정을 통해 지질구조에 따른 세굴심 산정공식의 적용성 여부를 판단하였고 하상특성과 흐름특성이 동시에 고려된 실제적인 세굴의 영향을 평가하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2004

국민소득 증가에 따라 고급해산물의 수요가 늘어나고 있으며, 어패류 및 해조류를 포함하는 양식어업은 국내어업에 대한 총수입중 $50.6\%$를 차지하고 있는 어가의 주 소득원 중의 하나이다. 최근 국내어장에서 불규칙하게 발생하는 어패류 도난사건의 피해액은 매년 건당 수십만에서 수천만원 이상으로 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 영세어가에 적용할 수 있는 양식어장 보호를 위한 레이더 감시시스템의 모델을 제안하고, 시스템의 구축방안을 제시하였다. 국외에서 양식어장보호 감시시스템이 개발된 바가 있지만 구축비용이 고가이므로 국내 영세어가에 적용하기에는 어렵다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1145-1149
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• 2006

The typhoon Rusa passed through the Korean peninsula from the west-southern part to the east-northern part in the summer season of 2002. The flash flood due to the Rusa was occurred over the Korean peninsula and especially the damage was concentrated in Kangnung, Yangyang, Kosung, and Jeongsun areas of Kangwon-Do. Since the latter half of the 1990s the flash flood has became one of the frequently occurred natural disasters in Korea. Flash floods are a significant threat to lives and properties. The government has prepared against the flood disaster with the structural and nonstructural measures such as dams, levees, and flood forecasting systems. However, since the flood forecasting system requires the rainfall observations as the input data of a rainfall-runoff model, it is not a realistic system for the flash flood which is occurred in the small basins with the short travel time of flood flow. Therefore, the flash flood forecasting system should be constructed for providing the realistic alternative plan for the flash flood. To do so, firstly, Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction (FFMP) Model must be developed suitable to Korea terrain. In this paper, We develop the FFMP model which is based on GIS, Radar techniques and hydro-geomorphologic approaches. We call it the F2MAP model. F2MAP model has three main components (1) radar rainfall estimation module for the Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF), (2) GIS Module for the Digital terrain analysis, called TOPAZ(Topographic PArametiZation), (3) hydrological module for the estimation of threshold runoff and Flash Flood Guidance(FFG). For the performance test of the model developed in this paper, F2MAP model applied to the Kangwon-Do, Korea, where had a severe damage by the Typhoon Rusa in August, 2002. The result shown that F2MAP model is suitable for the monitoring and the prediction of flash flood.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권12호
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• pp.1145-1154
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• 2014

최근, 기상레이더는 돌발적 기상재해들을 예방하고, 기상관측의 공익을 위해 널리 이용되고 있으며 이에 따라 사용자 관점의 레이더 표출 시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문은 레이더 관측 자료들을 멀티미디어 콘텐츠로서 재생산하는 방법과 생성된 자료를 이용해 매쉬업 서비스에 적용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이와 함께 주요 기상현상이 발생중인 지역의 정확한 위치를 추적하기 위한 정밀 GIS 정합기술을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방법을 통해 기상 레이더로부터 관측된 다양한 레이더 변수들을 재가공함으로써 2차원의 영상 및 벡터 그래픽 자료, 또는 3차원 볼륨 자료 등을 생성할 수 있다. 생성된 멀티미디어 형태의 레이더 자료들은 다양한 래스터 또는 벡터정밀 GIS 맵과 정합된다. 다양한 강수 시나리오에 대한 실험 결과, 제안한 방법에 의한 표출 시스템은 사용자로 하여금 정확한 레이더 차폐영역 분석, 강수이동경로 파악, 강수량 추정에 따른 홍수위험도 분석 등을 쉽고 직관적으로 이해시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 제안하는 정밀한 GIS 정합을 통해 재난 관리자가 레이더 관측자료를 명확히 해석하고 이를 통해 보다 효과적인 기상재해 예보가 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.441-444
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• 2008

This paper describes the development of a circularly polarized microstrip antenna, as a part of the Circularly Polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar (CP-SAR) sensor which is currently under developed at the Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory (MRSL) in Chiba University. CP-SAR is a new type of sensor developed for the purpose of remote sensing. With this sensor, lower-noise data/image will be obtained due to the absence of depolarization problems from propagation encounter in linearly polarized synthetic aperture radar. As well the data/images obtained will be investigated as the Axial Ratio Image (ARI), which is a new data that hopefully will reveal unique various backscattering characteristics. The sensor will be mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) which will be aimed for fundamental research and applications. The microstrip antenna works in the frequency of 1.27 GHz (L-Band). The microstrip antenna utilized the proximity-coupled method of feeding. Initially, the optimization process of the single patch antenna design involving modifying the microstrip line feed to yield a high gain (above 5 dBi) and low return loss (below -10 dB). A minimum of 10 MHz bandwidth is targeted at below 3 dB of Axial Ratio for the circularly polarized antenna. A planar array from the single patch is formed next. Consideration for the array design is the beam radiation pattern in the azimuth and elevation plane which is specified based on the electrical and mechanical constraints of the UAV CP-SAR system. This research will contribute in the field of radar for remote sensing technology. The potential application is for landcover, disaster monitoring, snow cover, and oceanography mapping.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mariner's information characteristics in ship-ta-ship collision situation using the full mission ship-handling simulator. Risk levels of ship-to-ship collision were manipulated by whether the target ship complies with the naval regulations and by movement patterns of target ship. Dependent variables reflecting mariner's information characteristics in ship-ta-ship collision situation were measured in terms of radar detection reaction time, free recall performance of past navigation situation, and subjective ratings for the task difficulty. The results showed that, in general, the mariners appeared to be deteriorated in their radar detection reaction time and free recall performance as the risk of ship-ta-ship collision increased. Also, the mariners tended to rate required tasks more difficult in the high risk ship-ta-ship collision situation.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2015

The vegetation index is a crucial parameter in many biophysical studies of vegetation, and is also a valuable content in ecological processes researching. The OVIs (Optical Vegetation Index) that of using multispectral and hyperspectral data have been widely investigated in the literature, while the RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) that of considering volume scattering measurement has been paid relatively little attention. Also, there was only some efforts have been put to fuse the OVI with the RVI as an integrated vegetation index. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel FVI (Fusion Vegetation Index) that uses multispectral and full-PolSAR (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. By fusing a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of RapidEye and an RVI of C-band Radarsat-2, we demonstrated that the proposed FVI has higher separability in different vegetation types than only with OVI and RVI. Also, the experimental results show that the proposed index not only has information on the vegetation greenness of the NDVI, but also has information on the canopy structure of the RVI. Based on this preliminary result, since the vegetation monitoring is more detailed, it could be possible in various application fields; this synergistic FVI will be further developed in the future.