• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1252-1259
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of rice (R) and brown rice (BR) flour on the quality characteristics of morning bread. The quality characteristics of morning bread were determined by measuring the pH of the dough, dough raising power, moisture content, baking loss rate, specific volume, height, color value, texture analysis and sensory evaluations. The pH of the bread dough was highest on R1:BR2 and R0:BR3. The dough raising power and moisture content steadily and significantly decreased as the amount of added brown rice flour increased. The baking loss rate was highest on R3:BR0. The specific volume and height of morning bread were highest on R3:BR0 and R2:BR1. In color value, the L value decreased significantly as the amount of added brown rice flour increased, while a value and b value increased. The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of morning bread increased with an increase in brown rice flour. In consumer acceptability, R3:BR0, R2:BR1 and R1:BR2 showed the highest scores in all parameters. Characteristic intensity rating of roasted taste was lowest on R3:BR0. These results indicate that R2:BR1 showed similar quality characteristics as compared to morning bread without brown rice flour, with the optimal results appreciated with a 2:1 ratio of rice flour to brown rice flour.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.37-62
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• 2017

To analyze the effects of R&D expenditure on the firm value of Korean firms, we classified portfolios based on R&D activity levels. After that, we conducted a time-series analysis to assess excess returns from the portfolios. To carry out such an analysis, an empirical analysis of excess returns in the capital market was performed by using the monthly earning rate of stocks from 2000 to 2013. The purpose of this research is to provide basic data on investment to stakeholders in the capital market by analyzing the effects of R&D on the firm value and to overcome scholarly limitations by offering a new model of analysis. The criteria for classifying the portfolios were based on R&D expenditure levels. The analysis models follow the Fama-French Three-Factor Model and the Carhart Four-Factor Model. The analyses results are as follows. Extrapolating monthly profit rates based on R&D expenditure levels, portfolios with low R&D expenditures showed higher earning rates than those with high R&D expenditures. This suggests that high R&D expenditures did not translate into high earning rates. The investor depreciates the R&D expenditures related profitability and the possibility of success in the market, leading to falls in stock prices and a failure to give a positive effect on the firm value. Our research differs from the previous investigations as we carried out an empirical analysis based on the actual investors' attitudes about R&D expenditures and how these can generate excess earnings. Our research results show that the data related to R&D expenditure are not reflected fully in the market.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-76
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• 1967

A nomogram of gas exchange ratio (R) in air breathing subjects ,was porposed which enables a simple and rapid determination of R value using the fractional concentrations of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the expired or alveolar gas. The readable limit of R value seems less than 1/100 of R unit and the average difference between the values from the nomogram and the actually calculated values is less than 0.005 of R unit. The usefulness of this nomogram for rapid and frequent determinations of the oxygen uptake is also suggested.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.481-504
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• 2006

금융위험의 측정 및 관리를 위한 도구로서 분포의 꼬리 부분과 관련한 위험척도로 VaR가 현재 널리 활용되고 있다. 특히 VaR의 정확한 추정을 위해 정규분포를 가정한 기존의 방법보다는 극단치이론을 이용한 방법이 최근 관심을 끌고 있다. 지금까지 극단치이론을 이용한VaR의 추정에 관한 연구는 대부분 단변량의 경우에 대해 이루어졌다. 본 논문에서는 코퓰러를 극단치이론에 결부시켜 다변량 극단치분포를 모형화하여 포트폴리오 위험측정을 다루고 있다. 특히 본 연구에서는 포트폴리오 위험 척도로 VaR와 더불어 ES에 대한 추정 방법도 함께 논의하였다. 포트폴리오 위험측정을 위한 방법으로 본 논문에서 논의한 코퓰러-극단치이론에 의한 접근방법이 기존의 분산-공분산 방법보다 상대적으로 우수한지를 실증자료에 대한 사후검증을 통해 살펴보았다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2001

The purposes of the study were to develop an instrument for family value and to identify the relationships of family value, family hardiness, and family adaptation by appling the family value scale to family with cancer children. The study was conducted in three phases. 1) A survey was conducted from July 20 to August 20, 1999 and 18 items of general family value scale was modified from the data of 153 fathers and 164 mothers. 2) In-depth interviews were made with 29 parents of cancer children from April 20, 1998 to May 20, 1999 to develop family value scale with cancer children, and 12 statements were developed. 3) The final survey was conducted from July 18, 2000 to August 30, 2000 and the data from 309 parents of children who are diagnosed as cancer, 18 or less years of age, and treated either hospitalized or at the outpatient clinics were analyzed to identify the relationships of the concepts. The data analysis utilized SAS 6.12 and LISREL 8 for descriptive statistics, correlation, and Regression for path analysis. The study findings are as follows. The psychometric testing of general family value scale was Cronbach's alpha = 0.78. The reliability of the family value scale with cancer children showed the reliability as Cronbach's alpha = 0.73. Demographic characteristics showing significant correlations were cancer children's age, period of illness, period after completing treatment, mother's age, mother's education level, monthly income, payment type, confidence with health professional, and severity of children's illness. The correlation coefficients among major variables showed that family stressor was positively related with family strains(r=0.33, p<.001), and negatively related with family hardiness(r=-0.21, p<.001). Family strains was negatively related with family hardiness(r= -0.41, p<.001) and family adaptation(r=-0.46, p<.001). Correlations of family hardiness was positive with family value with cancer children(r=-0.31, p<.001), and negative with general family value(r=-0.16, p<.01). Family hardiness was positively related with family adaptation(r=0.35, p<.001). The causal relationship between study variables showed that family strains predicts general family value(γ=0.12, t=2.02), family value with cancer children predicts family hardiness(γ=0.31, t=6.30), family strains predicts family hardiness(γ=-0.40, t=-7.70), family value with cancer children predicts family adaptation(γ=-0.23, t=-4.11), and family hardiness predicts family adaptation(γ=0.43, t=7.78).

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 1999년도 제16회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.159-177
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• 1999

Many companies still struggle with the issue of research and development(R&D) performance measurement, in particular, the nonfinancial performance measurement of R&D with coming of knowledge-based society, Of course, we would not deny the fact that financial measures play the central role in assessing the overall performance of R&D, The aim of this paper is to provide the new model to evaluate the quantitative value of technology (nonfinancial benefits). This new model is based on the technology stock(technology level) acquired in R&D process, That is, we take it for granted that the acquired technology below a certain level(<70% compare to the advanced country) can not be utilized in developing the new products or in proving the manufacturing processes, The evaluation model we create can explains the quantitative relation between the technology stock and the market value considering R&D expenditure to acquire the technology above certain level(>70%) and cost to prevent the technology obsolescence. The value of non-destructive testing technology, which is one of the electric Power technology, is measured quantitatively using our new model as a case study, We also discussed briefly the possibility of capitalization of the measured technology value.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.753-771
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• 2016

금융기관의 위험관리를 위한 중요한 도구로서 현재 VaR가 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 코퓰러 함수들을 이용하여 극단치이론과 GARCH 모형을 결합한 일변량분포로부터 구축한 다변량분포들을 바탕으로 코스피, 다우존스, 상하이 그리고 니케이 지수들로 구성된 포트폴리오의 VaR 추정과 그 성과에 관해 논의하였다. 사후검증 결과 전체적으로 볼 때 가우시안, t, 클레이톤, 프랭크 코퓰러를 사용한 t-분포의 오차항을 가진 변동성 모형들이 포트폴리오 VaR의 측정에 적합한 모형들로 나타났으며, 특히 프랭크 코퓰러의 경우에 가장 우수한 성과를 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2007

Objectives : The repeatability and reproducibility of MIR-2, a newly developed impedance measurement device (four electrode method) on skin are of the meridian system, is evaluated and a method to improve the reliability is discussed. Methods : Multiple gage R&R studies were conducted for the impedance measurements over bilateral KI3 acupoint in ten participants by three assessors using MIR-2 device. Gage R&R studies were repeated after controlling the acupoint locating method or one value correction by replacing one assessor's outlying value with an average of the other assessors' values to explore any feasibility of improvement of measurement reliability. Results : Controlling acupoint locating method and replacing one value with an average of other assessors' value led to improved variation metrics in a gage R&R study. Conclusions : Measurement reliability can be improved by controlling measurement procedures or by using repeated measurement method, which will facilitate development of clinically applicable measurement device with reliability.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.822-830
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• 2008

본 논문은 기업의 연구개발 관련 지출이 기업가치에 긍정적 영향을 미치는가를 증권거래소(KSE)상장기업과 코스닥(KOSDAQ)기업을 대상으로 하여 실증적으로 확인하는 것을 목표로 한다. 실증적 분석 결과, 두 시장 모두에서 연구개발비 총액은 기업 가치에 대하여 유의하게 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 자산으로 계상한 연구개발비를 포함시킨 모형, 비용으로 계상한 연구개발비를 포함하는 모형들도 모두 두 시장에서 기업 가치에 유의한 긍정적 효과를 나타낸다는 결과가 나타났다. 두 시장 모두에서 자산으로 계상된 연구개발 지출보다는 비용으로 계상된 연구개발비가 기업 가치에 유의한 긍정적 효과를 나타낸다는 결과가 도출되었다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.757-773
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• 2012

Traditional value at risk(S-VaR) has a difficulity in predicting the future risk of financial asset prices since S-VaR is a backward looking measure based on the historical data of the underlying asset prices. In order to resolve the deficiency of S-VaR, an economic value at risk(E-VaR) using the risk neutral probability distributions is suggested since E-VaR is a forward looking measure based on the option price data. In this study E-VaR is estimated by assuming the generalized gamma distribution(GGD) as risk neutral density function which is implied in the option. The estimated E-VaR with GGD was compared with E-VaR estimates under the Black-Scholes model, two-lognormal mixture distribution, generalized extreme value distribution and S-VaR estimates under the normal distribution and GARCH(1, 1) model, respectively. The option market data of the KOSPI 200 index are used in order to compare the performances of the above VaR estimates. The results of the empirical analysis show that GGD seems to have a tendency to estimate VaR conservatively; however, GGD is superior to other models in the overall sense.