• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1618-1628
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• 2013

Relationships between fatty acids and tocopherols in conventional and genetically modified peanut cultivars were studied by gas chromatography with flame ion detector and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Eight fatty acids and four tocopherol isomers in the sample set were identified and quantified. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are major fatty acids and the ratio of oleic and linoleic acids ranged from 1.11 to 16.26. Tocopherols contents were 6.76 to 12.24 for ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (T), 0.08 to 0.39 for ${\beta}$-T, 5.28 to 15.02 for ${\gamma}$-T, and 0.17 to 1.17 mg/100 g for ${\delta}$-T. Correlation coefficient (r) for fatty acids and tocopherols indicated a strong inverse relationship between oleic & linoleic acids (r=-0.97, P<0.05) and positive relationships between palmitic & linoleic acids (r=0.95, P<0.05) and ${\gamma}$-T & ${\delta}$-T (r=0.83, P<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of fatty acids and tocopherols gave four significant principal components (PCs, with eigenvalues>1), which together account for 85.49% of the total variance in the data set with PC1 and PC2 contributing 45.27% and 21.33% of the total variability, respectively. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed by palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, while PC2 was by behenic acid, ${\beta}$-T, and ${\gamma}$-T. The score plot generated by PC1-PC2 identified sample clusters in the two spatial planes based on the oleic and linoleic acids. The score plot PC3-PC4 didn't separate sample groups.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.377-392
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• 2021

This paper is to illustrate the infestation and related ecological characteristics of chigger mites on the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi). A total of 17,221 chigger mites were collected from 2,761 R. tanezumi rats, and then identified as 131 species and 19 genera in 2 families. Leptotrombidium deliense, the most powerful vector of scrub typhus in China, was the first major dominant species on R. tanezumi. All the dominant mite species were of an aggregated distribution among different individuals of R. tanezumi. The species composition and infestations of chiggers on R. tanezumi varied along different geographical regions, habitats and altitudes. The species-abundance distribution of the chigger mite community was successfully fitted and the theoretical curve equation was ${\hat{S}}(R)={37e^{-(0.28R)}}^2$. The total chigger species on R. tanezumi were estimated to be 199 species or 234 species, and this further suggested that R. tanezumi has a great potential to harbor abundant species of chigger mites. The results of the species-plot relationship indicated that the chig-ger mite community on R. tanezumi in Yunnan was an uneven community with very high heterogeneity. Wide geographi-cal regions with large host samples are recommended in the investigations of chigger mites.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 2014

This paper is based on water information system of NIE, National Institute of Environmental Research. We used monthly data of water quality from January, 2013 to August, 2013 starting from measuring point A (nbA) to measuring point N (nbN) located along the Nakdong river main stream. Statistical water quality analysis of BOD (biological oxygen demand) is specified by R programming depending on month, year, and points. Based on BOD measured from Nakdong river's measuring points, we used exploratory data analysis and locally weighted scatter plot smoother (Lowess) trend analysis, which is a method of non-parametic regression analysis, to analyze long-term water tendency and water quality distribution depending on points. Also, we analyzed the period and the measuring point of which the outliers are abundant. As a result, compared to BOD measured in nbM located in Busan along the downstream, BOD measured in nbG located in Daegu and nbI located in Changwon along the midstream showed higher rate of water pollution at a severe level.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

We consider practical experimental design strategies and analysis to find out whether a modified method give better results than the standard method. The most practical design strategy is for experimenter to make r successive runs under the current standard method and then, change the standard method to a modified method to make another r successive runs under a modified method. To test a statistically significant difference between the population mean of the standard method and a modified method, additional recent data for sufficient number of consecutive responses under the standard method is needed to construct external reference distribution(Box, et al., 1968). Upon those informations unavailable, the practical design strategy is to run the experiment by split plot designs. In this paper, two types of split plot designs are proposed and how to determine efficiently the number of repetition within a given method and replication of those two methods are discussed based on results of the level of significance ${\alpha}$= 0.05 and the power being at least 0.9 at the detectable difference of ${\mu}_2-{\mu}_1=1.5{\times}{\sigma}$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.431-435
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• 2007

Control thresholds for the management of beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) were evaluated on welsh onion of two different planting time. Two inoculation times were tested for each planting and the number of inoculated larva was 5, 10, 20, 40 per twenty plants. The injured rate of leaves was 33.5% to 10.9% at 7th September at 40 to 5 larva inoculation plot on the five days planting. That of leaves was 20.5% at 40 larva on the twenty days planting. The yields of welsh onion on non-inoculation plot were 4,395 kg per 10a. The rate of reduced yields was 49.2%(1,774.2 kg) and 36.5%(2,220.5 kg) at 40 larva inoculation on the 5 and 20 days planting, respectively. The linear relationships between population density and yield reduction were as following; it was Y=-43.474X + 3419.6 ($R^2\;=\;0.9698$) for 5 days and Y=-32.977X + 3518.9 ($R^2\;=\;0.9928$) for 20 days. Based on these results the control threshold level was estimated to be 1.8 larva for 5 days and 4.6 larva for 20 days per 20 plant. The more damaged leaves by S. exigua larva, the more yield reduction on welsh onion.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of various inorganic anions($Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $HCO_3{^-}$) on the Methyl tert Butyl Ether(MTBE) degradation by photocatalysis using statistical method. Generally, this process in general demands the generation of hydroxyl radicals(OH radical) in solution in the presence of UV light. The generation of radicals were affected by inorganic anions in solution that inhibited the photodegradation by their trapping hydroxyl radicals. The effects of inorganic anions were mathematically described as the independent variables such as $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $HCO_3{^-}$, and these were designed by mixture analysis that was one of the response surface methodology(RSM). Regression analysis on ANOVA showed significant p-value(p<0.0001) and high coefficients for determination value($R^2$=99.28%, ${R^2}_{adj}$=98.91%). Contour and response surface plots showed that the effects of inorganic anions for MTBE photodegradation based on $UV/H_2O_2$ process. In the result, $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3{^-}$ inhibited the photodegradation of the MTBE by their trapping hydroxyl radicals, and the interaction by these two factors was observed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1972

For the increase of productivity, canopy structure and nutritional status in various productivity grades (high>700, medium>600 and low>500kg/l0a as head rice) were investigated in a study using Jinheung(Oryza sativa L.) for the increase of producticity with following results: 1. High yield plot showed greater leaf area and slow decrease of it after heading stage. While low yield plot had rapidly decrease of leaf area. 2. High yield plot showed higher light transmission ratio (LTR) durnig early grow stage, low LTR. during late grow stage, and higher leaf area per LTR. 3. Net assimilation ratio was decrease with the increase of leaf area index (LAI) and it was always higher in high yield plot. 4. High yield plant had greater amount of total nitrogen uptake, slow uptake rate, and considerable uptake after heading while low yield plant showed higher uptake of nitrogen in early stage of growth and no uptake after heading. 5. The percent ratio starch at heading to total at harvesting was 40% for low yield plant and 10% for highyield plant inderting that high yield depends much on past-heading starch synthesis. 6. Main factor determining secondary yield was ripened grain ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.258.1-258.1
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• 2015

ITO가 코팅된 PET 기판 위에 P3HT:PCBM으로 이루어진 bulk heterojunction 유기 태양전지 소자를 만들었다. 이렇게 만들어진 유기 태양전지의 flexibility 특성을 측정하기 위해서, 태양전지 소자를 반지름이 다른 원통에 감아서 휘어지게 한 후 AM 1.5의 조명 하에서 전류-전압 특성을 관측하고 소자의 임피던스 분석도 측정하였다. 이때 flexibility 특성 측정의 일관성을 위하여, 단 하나의 유기 태양전지 소자를 만들고, 이 소자를 반지름이 큰 원통에서 부터 휘게 하고난 후 소자의 특성을 측정하고, 점차 작은 원통으로 바꾸어 가면서 측정을 진행하였다. 임피던스 분석 실험 자료로부터 shifted two semicircles이라는 equivalent circuit model를 분석하고 난 후, 이 회로를 구성하는 구성 성분-R(s), R(low f), R(hi f), C(low f), C(hi f)-값의 변화를 원통의 반지름의 변화에 따라 분석하였다. 반지름이 0.75cm일 때, power conversion efficiency (PCE) 값은 초기값에 비해 약 1/3로 줄었고, 반지름이 0.5cm일 때는 약 10%로 줄어 들었다. 나머지 1~2 cm일 때는 거의 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 휘어짐에 따른 이러한 태양전지의 특성의 변화를 임피던스 분석의 Cole-Cole plot의 저 주파수 영역의 반원의 반지름에 가장 큰 영향을 받음을 확인하였고, 저항과 capacitance 값의 변화에 따른 특성에 대해 이번 발표에서 더 자세히 설명할 예정이다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2002

To investigate the relationships between the atmospheric concentrations of PCBs and temperature, quantity of both parameters was performed at an urban site in Korea from July 1999 to January 2000. The strength of correlations between total PCB and temperature was found to be significant (r = 0.752, p < 0.001). It hence indicates that total PCB contents were affected sensitively by temperature change during the sampling period. The ratio of PCB homologs and Deca-CB(PCB 209) also behaved quite similarly to the change of temperature (r>0.60, p<0.05). This may be inferable with the progress of the gas/particle partitioning to the gas phase, especially for fri-and tetra-CBs. Because they have high vapor pressure, they generally exist in the gas phase. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was applied to the atmospheric PCB data, relating PCB partial vapor pressure to inverse temperature. This may essentially represent the temperature-controlled transition between condensed phase and atmospheric gas phase. The slopes of the resulting plot with International Council for the Explanation of the Seas (ICES) congener ranged from -2810 to -5887, with significantly steep slope and $R^2$(p< 0.005) It was inferred that the PCB atmospheric concentration was also affected by change in the surrounding conditions such as soil, lakes and trees.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2015

In this work, we studied the shell and helically coiled tube heat exchangers. Shell and coil heat exchangers with different rate of water flow and plate heat exchanger with same capacity were tested for condensing conditions. We proposed design guide using modified Wilson plot method. We compared fouling characteristics between shell and coil heat exchanger and plate heat exchanger, when they were washed and were not washed. The shell and coil heat exchanger showed 120% of higher saturated fouling resistance value and 4% of better heat transfer ratio than the plate heat exchanger.