• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2008

The free-living photoheterotrophic Gram-negative bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides possesses a quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory system mediated by CerR-CerI, a member of the LuxR-LuxI family. To identify the genes affected by the regulatory system, random lacZ fusions were generated in the genome of R. sphaeroides strain 2.4.1 using a promoter-trapping vector, pSG2. About 20,000 clones were screened and 23 showed a significantly different level of ${\beta}$-gal activities upon the addition of synthetic 7,8-cis-N-tetradecenoyl-homoserine lactone (RAI). Among these 23 clones, the clone showing the highest level of induction was selected for further study, where about a ten-fold increase of ${\beta}$-gal activity was exhibited in the presence of RAI and induction was shown to be required for cerR. In this clone, the lacZ reporter was inserted in a putative gene that exhibited a low homology with catD. A genetic analysis showed that the expression of the catD homolog was initiated from a promoter of another gene present upstream of the catD. This upstream gene showed a strong homology with luxR and hence was named qsrR (quorum-sensing regulation regulator). A comparison of the total protein expression profiles for the wild-type cells and qsrR-null mutant cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and a MALDI-TOF analysis allowed the identification of sets of genes modulated by the luxR homolog.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1379-1388
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• 2000

항균 활성이 우수한 운향 75% 에탄올 추출물을 각종 용매로 분획한 후 일정 수준의 농도로 액체 배지(tryptic soy broth)에 첨가하여 L. monocytogenes 5 균주를 배양시킨 결과 클로로포름 분획물 40 ppm 수준에서 72시간 동안 증식 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 항균 활성과 수율이 우수한 운향 클로로포름 분획물을 silica gel column chromatography로 1회 분획하여 항균 활성이 우수한 획분 R7을 얻었으며, R7 획분은 20 ppm 수준의 농도에서 5 균주 모두 증식을 억제했다. 획분 R7을 4회 연속 분리하여 단일 획분 RTG1-1를 얻었고, RTG1-1를 배지에 20ppm 수준으로 첨가하여 72시간 배양하였을 때 생균이 검출되지 않아 강력한 살균 효과를 나타냈으며, RTG1-1의 구조를 동정 한 결과 gravacridonechlorine으로 확인되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2004년도 제34차 추계 국제 학술대회
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• pp.310-315
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to provide the optimum thawing condition under different level of high pressure(50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa) using high pressure assisted technique which can improve the quality of frozen and thawed pork. The calculated thawing rate from the results depending on the high pressure showed the strong trend of increased thawing rate under pressurized condition(P<0.05). And then, the numerical modeling was executed to predict the thawing rate influenced by the pressure level using exponential regression, LnY=0.70623 + 0.00433 ${\cdot}$ P ($R^2=0.9985$), and it was fairly fit for the functional relation between the thawing rate(Y) and pressure(P) with comparatively high coefficient, $R^2$ of determination.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2004

Bioenergy can be obtained from various forms of biomass such as agricultural, food processing, and municipal wastes. Recently, its importance is recognized more seriously because of its positive impacts on economic and stable energy supply and environmental sustainability. Despite its advantages, bioenergy has not been used as much as it was expected, nor has it been developed to the level of attractive commercialization in energy market. The main reasons for the sluggish progress have been analyzed by comparing the bioenergy policies in Korea and U.S.A. Both Korea and U.S. governments have recognized the importance of bioenergy and put in various efforts to promote the use of bioenergy. Both governments have legislated alternative energy promotion plans that support R&D, tax reduction, rewards, and low interest loans. However, it is suggested that the bioenergy policy and plan juxtapose the financial supports (R&D, tax exemption, low interest loan, education, etc.) with strong mandates and obligations. Although imposing strong mandates prerequisites the economically attractive and feasible technologies, it can motivate and speed up more effective technology development, in turn. In addition, the bioenergy R&D support must include studies on commercialization and marketing as well as process development. R&D on the socioeconomic effects of bioenergy should also be supported. Lastly, decision making processes for the bioenergy policy, and for alternative energy overall, must include environmental agencies for taking advantage of environmental benefits of bioenergy.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2008

To improve the mechanical properties, dimensional stability and blood compatibility, the biomedical material $Pellethene^{(R)}$ was blended with multiblock polyurethane (MPU) containing phospopholipid/long alkyl chain (C-18) at the various MPU contents and crosslinked using dicumyl peroxide as a crosslinking agent. The maximum MPU content for stable $Pellethene^{(R)}$/MPU blended films was approximately 30 wt%. The optimum crosslinking agent content and crosslinking time with respect to the mechanical properties were 4 wt% and 3 h, respectively. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) and water absorption of the crosslinked blend film increased with increasing MPU content. The test of platelet adhesion on the surfaces of the crosslinked blend film showed a decrease in the level of platelet adhesion from 70% to 6% with increasing MPU content from 0 to 30 wt%. These results suggest that the crosslinked $Pellethene^{(R)}$/MPU-30 (MPU content: 30 wt%) sample has strong potential as a novel material for blood compatible material applications.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1996

Organizational commitment is characterized by a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's goal and values ; a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization ; a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which influence the organizational commitment and to test the relationship between the clinical nurses' organizational commitment and turnover intention. The subjects were 412 nurses who were working on general wards at three General Hospitals in Chounbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Sept. 20 to Sept. 31, 1995. The instruments used in this study were Likert-type scale which were Organizational Commitment Scale by Mowday et al, and Turnover Intention Scale by Mobley et al. The questionnaire of organizational characteristics was made through reviewing literature. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with $SPSS-PC^+$ program. Major findings are as follows : 1. Mean scores for organizational commitment were 3.008 and turnover intention 3.167 on a 5 point scale. 2. Age and clinical experience were positively related to organizational commitment(r=.4806, p=.000; r=.4792, p=.000). 3. In the personal variables, hospital type(F=21.374, p=.000), education level(F=5.481, p=.001), position(F=30.867, P=.000), and marital status(t=-5.63, p=.000) of the nurses showed significant differences in organizational commitment. 4. The variables to the organizational characteristic were statistically significant in organizational commitment : formalization(r=.3458, p=.000), human-centered organizational characteristic(r=.4302, p=.000), performance- centered organizational characteristic(r=-.1502, p=.000), payment(r=.2234, p=.000), promotion(r=.2710, p=.000), benefit & service(r=.2325, p=.000), and resource inadequacy(r=-.2172, p=.000). 5. For the purpose of identifying the predicting variables in organizational commitment, stepwise multiple regression is conducted. The results show that age, human-centered organizational characteristic, formalization, hospital type, resource inadequacy, promotion, and benefit & service were significant variables and explained 46% of the variance. 6. Organizational commitment was significantly negatively correlated with turnover intention(r=-.6442, p=.000). As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, organizational commitment is the most powerful variable predicting turnover intention and explained 41.5% of the variance. In conclusion, this study shows that the higher the organizational commitment level, the lower the turnover intention. Therefore, for effective turnover management, it is important to improve the organizational commitment among clinical nurses. In order to enhance the organizational commitment by the clinical nurses, it will be useful to consider significant organizational characteristics variables identified in this study.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2022

Background: Trunk movements are an important factor in activities of daily living; however, these movements can be impaired by stroke. It is difficult to quantify and measure the active range of motion (AROM) of the trunk in patients with stroke. Objects: To determine the reliability and validity of measurements using a digital goniometer (DG) and smart phone (SP) applications for trunk rotation and lateral flexion in stroke patients. Methods: This is an observational study, in which twenty participants were clinically diagnosed with stroke. Trunk rotation and lateral flexion AROM were assessed using the DG and SP applications (Compass and Clinometer). Intrarater reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the validity of the DG and SP in AROM measurement. The level of agreement between the two instruments was shown by Bland-Altman plot and 95% limit of agreement (LoA) was calculated. Results: The intrarater reliability (rotation with DG: 0.96-0.98, SP: 0.98; lateral flexion with DG: 0.97-0.98, SP: 0.96) was excellent. A strong and significant correlation was found between DG and SP (rotation hemiplegic side: r = 0.95; non-hemiplegic side: r = 0.90; lateral flexion hemiplegic side: r = 0.88; non-hemiplegic side: r = 0.78). The level of agreement between the two instruments was rotation (hemiplegic side: 23.02° [LoA 17.41°, -5.61°]; non-hemiplegic side: 31.68° [LoA 23.87°, -7.81°]) and lateral flexion (hemiplegic side: 20.94° [LoA 17.48°, -3.46°]; non-hemiplegic side: 27.12° [LoA 18.44°, -8.68°]). Conclusion: Both DG and SP applications can be used as reliable methods for measuring trunk rotation and lateral flexion in patients with stroke. Although, considering the level of clinical agreement, DG and SP could not be used interchangeably for measurements.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2013

Due to recent changes in increased life expectancy, economic power and social development, the new senior generation (focusing on people in their fifties) represents a new market power with strong competitiveness. The new senior generation is the generation after the baby boomers, with characteristics that include a high-level of education, increased income, a high-level of consumption, increased assets, self-fulfillment desires and individuality. Demands in the senior fashion industry are expected to gradually increase and the underwear industry that targets the new senior generation is expected to grow rapidly. These demands will require product development for the new senior generation based on emotional and socio-cultural characteristics. The current new senior underwear market is under the process of R&D with a focus on body shape changes; however, there are limited studies on emotional and socio-cultural approaches. This study formulates a basic design plan for different age groups based on an analysis of the situation of bra wear (current inconveniences, demand and needs) by women in their fifties and over. Subsequently, a functional active bra top that considers activity and comfort was proposed for women in their fifties, an all-in-one foundation bra top that shapes the body was proposed for women in their sixties, and comfort bra tops that are comfortable and easy to put on and take off were proposed for women in their seventies and over.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.95-118
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• 2004

In industrialised countries, innovation is a key source of economic growth. Research is a key driver of technological innovation and involves the process of systematic investigation and/or experimentation to discover new knowledge. The Governments' industry innovation policy supports a business focus on Research and Development (R&D) through a range of programs in order to achieve these aims. The Innovation Statement (DISR 2000, 20010, launched by the Australian Prime Minister?in January 2001, commits an additional $3 billion over five years to encourage and support innovation. The Australian Government aims to?build world competitive firms and strong research capability in industry to strengthen Australia's international competitiveness and increase national prosperity.?It develops policies and programs to enhance investment in innovation. The Australian Government has established a number of R&D funding support programs aimed at increasing the level of R&D in Australia. The backbone of these programs is the tax concession program, which is made up of the 125 per cent R&D tax concession, the 175 per cent premium tax concession and the tax offset. Over 4000 businesses take advantage of the tax concession scheme, which costs the government around $400?million a year. This cost is expected to rise to over half a billion by 2005-06 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). Ensuring these resources are invested where they provide significant national economic benefits is a major policy issue. In this sense, this paper looks at the appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency of the R&D tax concession with costs and benefits analysis.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2004년도 International Conference on Digital Policy & Management
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• pp.145-168
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• 2004

In industrialised countries, innovation is a key source of economic growth. Research is a key driver of technological innovation and involves the process of systematic investigation and/or experimentation to discover new knowledge. The Governments' industry innovation policy supports a business focus on Research and Development (R&D) through a range of programs in order to achieve these aims. The Innovation Statement (DISR 2000, 20010, launched by the Australian Prime Minister in January 2001, commits an additional $3 billion overfive years to encourage and support innovation. The Australian Government aims to build world competitive firms and strong research capability in industry to strengthen Australia's international competitiveness and increase national prosperity. It develops policies and programs to enhance investment in innovation. The Australian Government has established a number of R&D funding support programs aimed at increasing the level of R&D in Australia. The backbone of these programs is the tax concession program, which is made up of the 125 per cent R&D tax concession, the 175 per cent premium tax concession and the tax offset. Over 4000 businesses take advantage of the tax concession scheme, which costs the government around $400-million a year. This cost is expected to rise to over half a billion by 2005-06 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). Ensuring these resources are invested where they provide significant national economic benefits is a major policy issue. In this sense, this paper looks at the appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency of the R&D tax concession with costs and benefits analysis.