• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2010

The study performed to identify the type of ESBL against strains which are producing extendedspectrum ${\beta}$-lactamases and isolated from sewage in Suyeong sewage disposal plant, Busan Environmental Corporation. By the standard activated sludge method, Suyeong sewage disposal plant purify living and lavatory sewage gathering from the northeast Busan and the facility purify total 550,000 tons of living sewage disposal a day. 14 strains were isolated by double disk synergy test and the third generation cepha-antibiotics test. Indole, methyl-red, Voges-Proskauer, Simmon's citrate, decarboxylasedihydrolase and sugar-fermentation tests identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4) and Escherichia coli (n=10). Plasmid-mediated transmission test against isolated 14 strains proved 11 strains transmitted resistance to recipient E. coli J53 (sodium $azide^R$, $ceftazidime^S$). 9 strains of conjugant were expressed ESBL genes transferred from parental strain but 2 conjugants did not expressed. The type of ESBL from each strain was determined by isoelectric focusing points, DNA and amino acids sequencing. The results indicated that the types of ESBL transmitted to recipient E. coli J53 were TEM-1, the parental TEM type and SHV-12 type.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

The goal of this study was to isolate wild yeasts from reed fields in the Seocheon-gun county in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Molecular analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA of the yeasts isolated from soil samples was performed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). In total, 20 yeast strains from 11 species were isolated from 20 different soil samples. Candida species were observed to be the most common yeasts. Of these 20 strains, Candida subhashii (6 strains), Candida tropicalis (3 strains), Candida boleticola MS008, and Lachancea thermotolerans (2 strains) were identified as alcohol-fermenting yeasts. Further, Bullera japonica YJ10-1, Candida subhashii J7-1, Kluyveromyces yarrowii YJ11-1, and Ustilago shanxiensis Y10-1 were newly recorded yeast strains in Korea, and therefore, their microbiological characteristics were investigated further. All of these unrecorded yeast strains had oval cells; only Candida subhashii J7-1 formed ascospores and pseudomycelia. Kluyveromyces yarrowii YJ11-1 grew in vitamin-free medium, and all of these strains, except Candida subhashii J7-1, grew in 5% NaCl-containing YPD broth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.406-411
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• 1999

The phylogenetic relationships of black-spored basidioid taxa (mainly coprinoid taxa) and an agaric-like gastroid taxon were studied. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) partially including 17S, 25S and 5.8S from 14 species (Coprinus comatus, C. atramentarius, C. micaceus, C. cinereus, C. disseminatus, C. rhizophorus, C. radians, C. echinosporus, Psathyrella candolleana, Podaxis pistillaris, Conocybe lactea, Bolbitius demangei, Agaricus balzei, and Stropharia rugosoannulata) were compared. The reciprocal homologies of ITS sequences among these species were in the range of $38.7{\sim}77.2%$. Black-spored taxa were classified into four clusters. Cluster I comprised C. micaceus, C. radians, and C. disseminata. Cluster II is consisted of C. cinereus, C. echinosporus, C. rhizophorus, and C. atramentarius. On the other hand, C. comatus is in cluster III with Agaricus balzei and Podaxis pistillaris even though this species is belonging to the section Coprinus in morphological aspect. Psathyrelloid taxon is included in cluster II. The question of the origin of secotioid (agaric-like) fungi has been taken, though largely on theoritical suggestions as to whether gastroid taxa give rise to agarics with secotioid taxa as intermediates or whether secotioid taxa are evolutionary novelities arising from many distinct groups of agarics. In this relationship, it was shown that secotioid taxon evolved from within agaric species.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 2015

In June 2012 and 2013, a destructive stem rot symptoms of Ligularia fischeri occurred sporadically in Hoengseong-gun and Pyeongchang-gun Gangwon-do, Korea. The typical symptom included water-soaking on the main stem, rotting, wilting and blighting, which eventually leads to death of the plant. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions and brown sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil surface. The sclerotia were white to brown, spherical or irregular, 1-3 mm in size on potato dextrose agar (PDA), The optimum temperature range of hyphal growth was $25-30^{\circ}C$ and the hyphal diameter was $4-10{\mu}m$. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. The resulting sequence of 695 bp was deposited in GenBank. A BLAST search revealed that sequences of the this isolates showed >99% identity with those of Sclerotium rolfsii. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of molecular markers ITS rDNA, the fungi were identified as S. rolfsii. A pathogenicity test was carried out to fulfill Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. rolfsii on Ligularia fischeri in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 2017

White-rot basidiomycetes are the organisms that decompose lignin most efficiently, and Trametes villosa is a promising species for ligninolytic enzyme production. There are several publications on T. villosa applications for lignin degradation regarding the expression and secretion of laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) but no reports on the identification and characterization of lignin peroxidase (LiP), a relevant enzyme for the efficient breakdown of lignin. The object of this study was to identify and partially characterize, for the first time, gDNA, mRNA, and the corresponding lignin peroxidase (TvLiP) protein from T. villosa strain CCMB561 from the Brazilian semiarid region. The presence of ligninolytic enzymes produced by this strain grown in inducer media was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by spectrophotometry, qPCR, and dye fading using Remazol Brilliant Blue R. The spectrophotometric analysis showed that LiP activity was higher than that of MnP. The greatest LiP expression as measured by qPCR occurred on the $7^{th}$ day, and the ABSA medium (agar, sugarcane bagasse, and ammonium sulfate) was the best that favored LiP expression. The amplification of the TvLiP gene median region covering approximately 50% of the T. versicolor LPGIV gene (87% identity); the presence of Trp199, Leu115, Asp193, Trp199, and Ala203 in the translated amplicon of the T. villosa mRNA; and the close phylogenetic relationship between TvLiP and T. versicolor LiP all indicate that the target enzyme is a lignin peroxidase. Therefore, T. villosa CCMB561 has great potential for use as a LiP, MnP, and Lac producer for industrial applications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1947-1956
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• 2019

The gut microbiome influences the health and well-being of dogs. However, little is known about the impact of breed on the fecal microbiome composition in dogs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiome in three breeds of dog fed and housed under the same conditions, namely eight Maltese (8.0 ± 0.1 years), eight Miniature Schnauzer (8.0 ± 0.0 years), and nine Poodle dogs (8.0 ± 0.0 years). Fresh fecal samples were collected from the dogs and used to extract metagenomic DNA. The composition of the fecal microbiome was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq platform. A total of 840,501 sequences were obtained from the 25 fecal samples and classified as Firmicutes (32.3-97.3% of the total sequences), Bacteroidetes (0.1-62.6%), Actinobacteria (0.2-14.7%), Fusobacteria (0.0-5.7%), and Proteobacteria (0.0-5.1%). The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in the Maltese dog breed than that in the other two breeds, while that of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in the Maltese than in the Miniature Schnauzer breed. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Turicibacter, Succinivibrio, and Anaerobiospirillum differed significantly among the three dog breeds. These genera had no correlation with age, diet, sex, body weight, vaccination history, or parasite protection history. Within a breed, some of these genera had a correlation with at least one blood chemistry value. This study indicates that the composition of the fecal microbiome in dogs is affected by breed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.596-602
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• 2019

In September 2017, the rhizospheric soil of Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze was further sampled. One hundred and thirty eight species of microorganisms were isolated from the soil. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, and phosphate degradation were examined in order to confirm bacterial growth from isolated microorganisms. As a result, most strains were able to produce auxins or siderophores and to solubilize phosphate. In addition, 138 isolated strains were treated with tobacco extract and conferred pathogen resistance to host plants upon treatment. As a result, 35 strains that were able to reduce pathophysiology by more the 60% were selected. Among them, 6 strains with high induced systemic resistance (ISR) activity were found. All of these strains belong to the genus Bacillus according to the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Bacillus aryabhattai KUDC6619 showed outstanding effects with reduced infection in tobacco and pepper plants. Probably, these Bacillus species play a beneficial role by association with T. tetragonoides for its survival in the harsh conditions found on the island of Dokdo.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2005

The development of microbial inoculant was conducted using a by-product of oriental herbal medicine. The constituent of the by-product, which was high in organic matter, was 11.3% of crude protein, 5.1% of crude lipid, 49.7% of NDF (neutral detergent fiber), and 33.8% of ADF (acid detergent fiber). Microorganisms isolated from the by-product of oriental herbal medicine were 35 species. Among them, 6 bacterial species, 4 fungal species, 2 actnomycetes species, and 1 yeast species were effective in the utilization of the by-products. The 13 strains screened were tested for the plant growth-promoting effect in soybean seedling. BL-333 strain was found to increase the soybean yield by about 23% as compared with control. The strain BL-333 was identified as Paenibacillus marcerans. P. marcerans BL-333 showed high anti-fungal activities against virulent fungi, especially Fusarium sp. and Collectotrichum sp. Yields of plants which were inoculated with microbial inoculant prepared with P. marcerans BL-333 and by-product of oriental herbal medicine were found to be higher than control by $3{\sim}24%$. The yield was especially promoted in lettuce, radish, chinese cabbage and cucumber plants.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

A series of transition metal complexes of 3,6-bis(6'-methyl-2'-pyridyl)pyridazine ($L^{1}$) and 3,6-bis(2'-pyridyl)pyridazine ($L^{2}$) as artificial nuclease, $1{\sim}8$ were synthesized. After determining of X-ray crystal structure, hydrolysis rate constants of phosphates, as DNA model compound and biological activities were confirmed. $L^{2}$-Zn(II) complex, 8 was shown the best hydrolysis rate constant. The $L^{2}$-Ni(II) complex, 5 and $L^{2}$-Co(II) complex, 6 showed the highest herbicidal activity against SCP (Scriptus Juncoids) with excellent tolerance to rice, ORY (Oryzae sativa L.). And the $L^{1}$-Co(II) complex, 2, $L^{1}$-Zn(II) complex, 4 and ligand ($L^{1}$ amp; $L^{2}$) displayed above 90% fungicidal activity against MAG (Magnaporthe grisea).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2015

Thirty-two actinomycetes isolates from Korean forest soil were screened for their nematicidal and reproduction suppression activity against pine wood nematode (PWN) which is widely spread in Korea. Culture filterates of 21 isolates showed more than 90% mortality at 2-fold concentration. Among them, AM210, SG16, YD116 and YD315 were more effective than others on reproduction of PWN. The YD116 isolate was identified as Streptomyces atratus by morphological and 16S rDNA analyses. Hydrazine hydrate, similar to hydrazidomycin which has cytotoxicity among substances from S. atratus against PWN, was tested for its nematicidal activity. Ten ppm of the hydrate showed 60.8% mortality. Additional studies are needed for practical use of the S. atratus YD116 isolate.