• 제목/요약/키워드: quiet time

검색결과 120건 처리시간 0.028초

Geosynchronous Magnetic Field Response to Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure

  • Park, Jong-Sun;Kim, Khan-Hyuk;Lee, Dong-Hun;Lee, En-Sang;Jin, Ho
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2011
  • The present study examines the morning-afternoon asymmetry of the geosynchronous magnetic field strength on the dayside (magnetic local time [MLT] = 06:00~18:00) using observations by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) over a period of 9 years from February 1998 to January 2007. During geomagnetically quiet time (Kp < 3), we observed that a peak of the magnetic field strength is skewed toward the earlier local times (11:07~11:37 MLT) with respect to local noon and that the geosynchronous field strength is larger in the morning sector than in the afternoon sector. That is, there is the morning-afternoon asymmetry of the geosynchronous magnetic field strength. Using solar wind data, it is confirmed that the morning-afternoon asymmetry is not associated with the aberration effect due to the orbital motion of the Earth about the Sun. We found that the peak location of the magnetic field strength is shifted toward the earlier local times as the ratio of the magnetic field strength at MLT = 18 (B-dusk) to the magnetic field strength at MLT = 06 (B-dawn) is decreasing. It is also found that the dawn-dusk magnetic field median ratio, B-dusk/B-dawn, is decreasing as the solar wind dynamic pressure is increasing. The morning-afternoon asymmetry of the magnetic field strength appears in Tsyganenko geomagnetic field model (TS-04 model) when the partial ring current is included in TS-04 model. Unlike our observations, however, TS-04 model shows that the peak location of the magnetic field strength is shifted toward local noon as the solar wind dynamic pressure grows in magnitude. This may be due to that the symmetric magnetic field associated with the magnetopause current, strongly affected by the solar wind dynamic pressure, increases. However, the partial ring current is not affected as much as the magnetopause current by the solar wind dynamic pressure in TS-04 model. Thus, our observations suggest that the contribution of the partial ring current at geosynchronous orbit is much larger than that expected from TS-04 model as the solar wind dynamic pressure increases.

저소음 아스팔트 포장 공용에 따른 성능평가 (Performance Evaluation Based on Low-Noise Asphalt Pavement Use)

  • 신휘재;문성호
    • 토지주택연구
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 2024
  • 생활수준이 향상됨에 따라 조용함과 쾌적함에 대한 욕구는 증가하고 있으나, 인구 증가와 급격한 도시화 및 산업화 등으로 인한 소음 배출원이 증가하는 추세이다. 이러한 소음 문제의 해결을 위해서 다양한 대책안 중 하나로 저소음 아스팔트 포장이 있다. 저소음 아스팔트 포장은 타 차음시설과 달리 설치에 규제가 비교적 적은 편이며, 소음을 소음원에서 저감 할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 포장의 평가 사례가 거의 없고 관련 지침이 국내에 마련되어 있지 않아, 저소음 아스팔트 포장을 대상으로 전반적인 성능을 측정하기 위해 저소음 아스팔트 포장이 설치된 서울시 내 도로를 대상으로 평균 소음도, 노면 미끄럼저항성능과 투수성능의 평가를 수행하였다. 소음의 측정은 환경부에서 제정한 도로교통소음을 측정하기 위해 제시된 측정 기준인 '도로교통소음관리기준 측정방법'을 준용하여 디지털 소음자동분석계를 사용한 측정을 수행하였으며, 공용 1~2 년에는 소음저감효과를 유지하며 시간이 지남에 따라 소음저감효과는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 노면 미끄럼저항성은 British Pendulum Tester(BPT)를 사용하여 평가하였고, 포장포설 초기 전 구간에서 최소마찰계수(BPN)의 성능은 기준치 57 이상으로 나타나 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 투수성능은 KS F 2394 방법을 통해 평가가 이루어졌고 포장 이후 초기 전 구간에서 포장의 투수가 이루어졌으나 점차 성능이 저하되는 것을 확인하였다.

Chloral Hydrate 경구투여 후 진정 효과가 나타나지 않은 소아환자에 대한 Enflurane의 사용 (USE OF ENFLURANE FOR CHILDREN WHO FAIL TO RESPOND PROPERLY TO ORAL CHLORAL HYDRATE)

  • 이상민;윤형배;김종수;김용기
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.513-519
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    • 1999
  • 진정요법을 위한 경구 투여 약물에는 비교적 안전하고 부작용이 적은 것으로 알려진 chloral hydrate가 있으나, 체내에 흡수되는 용량이 환자에 따라 다양하여 이것에 대한 정확한 측정이 어렵고, 환자의 불안 정도와 주변환경 등의 영향을 받아 약효발현이 충분히 이루어지지 않는 경우가 적지 않다. 이런 경우 환자와 보호자 모두에게 고통과 불편함을 줄 수 있으며, 재내원시의 치료도 더욱 어려워지는 고충을 흔히 겪게 된다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해 chloral hydrate와 midazolam의 추가 투여, chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine, 또는 아산화질소-산소와 함께 사용하는 등 소아환자의 행동조절을 위한 많은 연구와 노력이 시행되어지고 있다. 본 증례에서는 Chloral hydrate 경구 투여 후 진정효과가 나타나지 않은 37명의 소아환자에게 아산화질소-산소와 함께 Enflurane을 사용하여 초기 수면을 유도하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Enflurane 투여 및 국소마취 시행시 말초동맥혈 산소 포화도와 이완기 혈압의 변화는 관찰되지 않았으며 정상범위 내에서 안정된 양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 2. Enflurane 투여 및 국소마취 시행시 심박수와 수축기 혈압의 일시적인 변화가 관찰되었지만 곧 정상범위 내로 회복되었으며 안정되었다(p<0.05). 3. Enflurane 투여 후 바람직한 행동양상(Q:Quiet)의 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 안정된 생징후와 바람직한 행동양상으로 재 내원의 약속을 하지 않고 97%이상이 치료를 성공적으로 마칠 수 있게 되어 환자, 보호자, 술자 모두에게 만족할 만한 결과를 준 것으로 평가되었다.

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발 반사마사지가 유방암 환자의 수술 후 통증 및 기분에 미치는 효과 (Effect of Foot Reflexology on Patient's Pain and Mood Following a Mastectomy)

  • 장화경
    • 종양간호연구
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.204-216
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to test the effects of foot reflexology on pain and mood in patients who have just had a mastectomy. The research design was a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The participants for this study were 28 patients with breast cancer on first or second day after mastectomy surgery. The first 12 patients were assigned to the control group and the second 16 to the experimental group. The study was conducted from October 28, 2001 to December 22, 2001 on a surgical unit of Y Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Pain intensity, blood pressure, pulse rate and mood were measured as dependent variables. The instrument used for pain intensity and mood was a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Cronbach alpha for this study was .70. For the experimental group pre and post tests were done immediately before and 15 minutes after completion of foot reflexology. Foot reflexology was performed once for 20 minutes. After the pretest, patients in the control group were instructed to have a quiet time for a 35 minute period and then the post-test was done. The number of participants was small so the data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The results of this study are as follow : 1. In the experimental group there were significant decreases between the pre and post tests for pain intensity (z=-3.47, p<.001), diastolic blood pressure (z=-2.67, p<.01) and pulse rate (z=-3.44, p<.001) but there was no difference between the two groups on the post test. 2. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were also not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group on the post test. 3. The mood score was significantly improved after foot reflexology(z=-3.52, p=.000) and the difference between the two groups was also significant (u=49.0, p=.03). In conclusion, there was a statistically significant difference in mood between the two groups, but no difference for pain intensity, blood pressure, or pulse rate. However, there were significant differences between the pretest and post-test for pain intensity, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate in the experimental group. On the basis of the above findings, this study suggests that foot reflexology can be an effective method of relieving pain and improving mood in clinical practice in women who have had mastectomy surgery.

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다목적 실용위성 1호로 측정한 저위도 상부 이온층의 전자 온도와 전자 밀도의 경도 및 계절별 변화 (LONGITUDINAL AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF THE ELECTRON TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY IN THE LOW_LATITUDE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE OBSERVED BY KOMPSAT-1)

  • 김희준;박선미;이재진;이은상;민경욱;한원용;남욱원;진호
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 2002
  • 다목적 실용위성 1호는 고도 685km, $98^{\circ}$의 궤도 경사각를 가지며, 탑재된 이온층 측정 센서(Ionospheric Measurement Sensor)로 전자 온도와 전자 밀도를 측정하였다. 이 관측 자료로부터 22:50LT인 밤 시간에 $+60^{\circ}~-60^{\circ}$의 저위도 지역에서 자기적으로 안정한 상태(Kp <4)의 계절별 전자 밀도와 전자 온도의 분포를 구하였다. 관측 결과, 전자 온도와 전자 밀도의 분포는 계절과 경도에 따라 변화를 나타냈다. 대체로 전자 밀도는 자기 적도 부근에서 높아지고, 전자 온도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 봄, 가을에는 전자 밀도와 온도 모두 자기 적도를 중심으로 대칭적으로 분포하였다. 그러나 여름에는 전체적으로 북반구 쪽으로 이동하여 전자 밀도의 극대점과 전자 온도의 극소점이 자기 적도 북쪽에 위치하였고, 겨울에는 이와 반대의 변화를 나타냈다. 또한, 각 계절에서 경도에 따라서도 전자 온도와 밀도 분포의 차이를 보였다. 이러한 차이가 생기는 원인은 경도와 계절에 따라 달라지는 F층의 중성 바람이 이온층 플라즈마에 영향을 주는 것에 의해 설명될 수 있다. 이 관측에서 얻은 전자온도와 밀도의 분포는 IRI95모델을 이용해 구한 분포와 차이를 보였다.

류마티스성 관절염 환자의 적응에 미치는 근이완술에 효과 (The Effects of Muscle Relaxation to The Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients' Adaptation)

  • 정향미
    • 근관절건강학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.31-47
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    • 1994
  • The purposes of this research are to examine the effects of muscle relaxation to the rheumatoid arthritis patients' physiological, psychological, and social adaptation, and to verify that the technique Is an effective tool for improving the patients' adaptation. This research utilized a qusi-experimental design that compares the pre-experiment measures and the post-experiment measures. The subjects of this study were 37 out-patients who were diagnosed for rheumatoid arthritis in P university hospital and K clinic between September 12, 1993 and November 30, 1993. The experimental group consisted of patients treated on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The control group consisted of patients treated on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday The pre-experimental survey utilized the following tools. The physiological adaptation was measured by a graphic rating scale for pain and activity of daily living. The psychological adaptation was measured by Zung's depression scale and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale : and the social adaptation was measured by Derogatis' psychosocial adjustment scale. The experimental group received muscle relaxation treatment for 15 minutes per day for the period of 2 weeks, the control group received no treatment and had quiet time. The post-experiment measurement was carried out similar to the pre-experiment survey, SPSS $PC^+$ is used to analyze the collected data. The reliabilities of the measurement tools were examined by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients. The homogeneities between the experimental and control groups were tested by t-test and chi-square test, hypotheses were tested by t-test. This research found that the general characteristics between the groups were statistically homogenious. The physiological, psychological, and social adaptation between the groups in the pre-experimental survey were also statistically homogenious. The results of this research can be summarized as follows : 1. Concerning the Physiological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower pain score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to relieve the pain of rheumatoid arthritis patients (t=-2.95, p=.006). 2. Concerning the psychological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower depression score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to reduce the patient's depression(t=-4.00, p=.001). 3. Concerning social adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically higher score for the health maintenance and disease control than the control groups. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective for the health maintenance and disease control (t=2.09, p=.004). This research showed that the muscle relaxation is a nursing intervention that can promote the physiological, psychological and social adaptation of the rheumatoid arthritis patients in terms of short-term and cognitive changes. However, more fundomental changes in behavior and long-term physiology could not be found through such a short-term relaxation treatment.

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주숙(朱橚)의 생애(生涯)와 저서(著書)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Study on the Life of Jusuk(朱橚) and His Writings.)

  • 지명순;안상우;윤창열
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2010
  • King of Jujeong(周定王) named Jusuk(朱橚) was thought to be an exemplary character as a scholar and a politician, who was not an Oriental medical doctor but a compiler publishing a set of three medical books and a set of volumes on famine relief to save people in the areas of natural disasters or spring poverty. He was born on July 1, 1361 as the fifth son of Juwonjang(朱元璋), the first Emperor (1368-1398) of the Myeong-dynasty (1368-1644) of China. It was not clearly known about his mother other than assuming, but hard to ascertain, that she was from Goryeo, the ancient country in the Korean Peninsula, and became a loyal concubine of Juwonjang(朱元璋). He was the brother of Yeongrakje(永樂帝), the third Emperor(1402-1424) of the Myeong-dynasty. As a focal figure in the political forces at that time in the Myeong-dynasty, he had a life full of vicissitudes such as being removed from office, being exiled to a remote place, being scattered far and wide between family members, being implicated in the rebellion and so on. It seemed that he brushed up on his study, taking a class on an emir until the year of 1380 at the age of twenty. And he published "Bosaeng-yeorok(保生餘錄)" and "Bojebang(普濟方)" for eight years from 1381 to 1389 (at age 21-29), "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1391 (at 31), and "Guhwangboncho(救荒本草)" in 1406 (at 46), republishing "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1415 (at 65). Endowed with a brilliant talent from early days, Yeong-rakje(永樂帝) wrote the poem(the poem paying a high tribute to a King) well and composed one hundred pieces of poetry on the story of the Won Dynasty (1271-1368) of China. He leaded a quiet life in his later years and died a natural death at Gaebong(開封, a city in China) at 65 in 1425. He had 15 sons including king of Juheon(朱憲王) Yudon(有敦) and 11 daughters. His books contributed absolutely to the growth of Oriental medical field, and also to the increase in population, having influence on bringing about compilation of the books on Oriental medicine and famine relief of the Joseon Dynasty (the old Korean kingdom from AD 1392 to 1910).

Shoes from Pinet to the Present

  • June, Swann
    • 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국복식학회 2001년도 19th International Costume Association Congress
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    • pp.11-13
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    • 2001
  • For those unfamiliar with the shoe world, Pinet (1817-1897) was a contemporary of Worth, the great Parisian couturier. So I look at the glamour shoes and the world of haute couture, and indeed the development of the named designer. That is a concept we are all familiar with now. So it is not easy to comprehend the lack of names for the exquisite work before 1850. Straightway I have to say that the number of noted shoe designers is far fewer than famous dress designers, but I will introduce you to some of them, against the background of contemporary shoe fashions. Franc;ois Pinet was born in the provinces (probably Touraine) in 1817, two years after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. His father, an ex-soldier, settled to shoemaking, a comparatively clean and quiet trade. It had a tradition of literacy, interest in politics, and was known as the gentle craft, which attracted intelligent people. We should presume father would be helped by the family. It was usual for a child to begin by the age of 5-6, tying knots, sweeping up, running errands and gradually learning the job. His mother died 1827, and father 1830 when he was 13, and at the time when exports of French shoes were flooding world markets. He went to live with a master shoemaker, was not well treated, and three years later set out on the tour-de- France. He worked with masters in Tours and Nantes, where he was received as Compagnon Cordonnier Bottier du Devoir as Tourangeau-Ia rose dAmour (a name to prove most appropriate). He went on to Bordeaux, where at 19 he became president of the local branch. In 1841 he went to Paris, and in 1848, revolution year, as delegate for his corporation, he managed to persuade them not to go on strike. By now the shoemakers either ran or worked for huge warehouses, and boots had replaced shoes as the main fashion. In 1855 Pinet at the age of 38 set up his own factory, as the first machines (for sewing just the uppers) were appearing. In 1863 he moved to new ateliers and shop at Rue ParadisPoissoniere 44, employing 120 people on the premises and 700 outworkers. The English Womans Domestic Magazine in 1867 records changes in the boots: the soles are now wider, so that it is no longer necessary to walk on the uppers. There is interest in eastern Europe, the Polonaise boots with rosette of cord and tassels and Bottines Hongroises withtwo rows of buttons, much ornamented. It comments on short dresses, and recommends that the chaussure should correspond to the rest of the toilet. This could already be seen in Pinets boots: tassels and superb flower embroidery on the higher bootleg, which he showed in the Paris Exposition that year. I think his more slender and elegant Pinet heel was also patented then or 1868. I found little evidence for colour-matching: an English fashion plate of 1860 shows emerald green boots with a violetcoloured dress.

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폐렴환자에서 진동 공명 영상 검사(VRI)의 유용성 (Usefulness of Vibration Response Imaging (VRI) for Pneumonia Patients)

  • 박유진;박중희;홍미진;김원동;이계영;김순종;김희정;하경원;전규락;김현애;유광하
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제71권1호
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    • pp.30-36
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    • 2011
  • Background: Pneumonia is commonly seen in outpatient clinics. it is widely known as the most common cause of death from infectious disease. Pneumonia has been diagnosed by its typical symptoms, chest X-ray and blood tests. However, both chest X-rays and blood tests have limitations in diagnosis. Thus primary care clinicians usually have been constrained due to a lack of adequate diagnostic tools. Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a newly emerging diagnostic modality, and its procedure is non-invasive, radiation-free, and easy to handle. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the VRI test among pneumonia patients and to consider its correlation with other conventional tests such as Chest X-ray, laboratory tests and clinical symptoms. Methods: VRI was performed in 46 patients diagnosed with pneumonia in Konkuk University Medical Center. VRI was assessed in a private and quiet room twice: before and after the treatment. Sensors for VRI were placed on a patient's back at regular intervals; they detected pulmonary vibration energy produced when respiration occurred and presented as specific images. Any modifications either in chest X-ray, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC) or body temperature were compared with changes in VRI image during a given time course. Results: VRI, chest X-ray and CRP scores were significantly improved after treatment. Correlation between VRI and other tests was not clearly indicated among all patients. But relatively severe pneumonia patients showed correlations between VRI and chest X-ray, as well as between VRI and CRP. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that VRI can be safely applied to patients with pneumonia.

도서 경관의 명승자원으로서의 가치연구 - 명품마을(관매도, 영산도)을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Value of Island Landscape as Scenic Site Resource - Focus on the Raising Fine Village(Gwanmaedo, Youngsando) -)

  • 이영이;이진희;김준;이재근
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2012
  • 섬과 바다는 미래의 대안공간으로 인식되면서 그 중요성이 점점 커지고 있음에도 문화재로 지정되지 않은 섬들이 섬 관광자원화, 개발사업 등으로 인하여 섬 자체의 자연 및 문화 경관이 훼손되었으며, 지금 현재도 훼손이 진행 중에 있다. 현대를 살아가는 사람들에게 섬은 과거의 인식과는 달리 한적하게 휴식을 취할 수 있는 곳, 훼손되지 않은 자연 그대로의 아름다움을 보고 느낄 수 있는 곳으로 탈바꿈하고 있다. 섬을 찾는 사람들이 증가하고 있는 추세에 발맞춰 자연경관이 뛰어난 섬들에 대한 조사 연구 및 문화재 지정을 통한 홍보와 보존 관리 및 활용 방안이 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구는 명승 자원으로서 섬 경관 자원 연구의 첫 단계로 다도해해상국립공원에 속하며, 명품마을로 선정된 관매도와 영산도 2곳의 문헌조사와 현지조사를 통하여 자연경관과 인문경관의 특이성이 대표적으로 나타나는 관매도 하늘다리 일원과 영산도 코끼리바위 일원에 대한 정밀조사 분석함으로써 명승 자원으로서의 가치와 향후과제 등을 제안하고자 한다.