• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to find out phytosociological characteristics of Quercus acutissima dominant forest in Anseong city. A total of 39 phytosociological relevés were sampled. 4 syntaxa were classified to use the Z.-M. School's methodology. Species compositions in which this study adopted were Oplismenus undulatifolius-Quercus acutissima community(typicum subcommunity, phytolacca americana subcommunity), Quercus acutissima community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus acutissima community. All syntaxa were distributed in a high proportion of synanthropophyte where lower-slopes with low elevations and inclinations. Oplismenus undulatifolius-Quercus acutissima community was mainly distributed in the west side of Anseong city where high intensity and frequency of human impacts was experienced. While in the east where most of the areas are covered mountains, Quercus acutissima community and Pinus densiflora-Quercus acutissima community were distributed. As a results, phytolacca americana subcommunity belong to Oplismenus undulatifolius-Quercus acutissima community is sytaxon that reflects change in species composition of Quercus acutissma dominant forest due to the continuous landuse changes in Anseong city.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.406-411
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• 2012

Structure and dynamics for three type forests of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests were studied in Wando island, Korea. Quercus acuta and Quercus acutissima forests were natural forest and Pinus rigida forest was a about 30-year-old plantation. Density of tree layers of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests was 2,250 trees/ha, 760 trees/ha, and 1,560 trees/ha, respectively. Mean DBH of tree layers of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests was 12.1 cm, 14.3 cm, and 14.1 cm, respectively. Total basal area of tree layer and subtree layer was $37.1m^2/ha$ for Quercus acuta forest, $19.0m^2/ha$ for Quercus acutissima forest, and $29.2m^2/ha$ for Pinus rigida forest, respectively. According to importance percentage, Camellia japonica was the first dominant species in subtree and shrub layers of all of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests. Species diversity(H') of forest total was 0.814 for Quercus acuta forest, 0.956 for Quercus acutissima forest, and 0.866 for Pinus rigida forest, respectively. According to diameter distribution, Quercus acuta forest was supposed to remain unchanged for a long time. Quercus acutissima forest was changing to Camellia japomica forest and Pinus rigida forest was changing to Quercus acuta-Camellia japonica forest.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2004

In order to compare the NVOC (Natural Volatile Organic Compound) emission rates from oak trees, the emission rates of isoprene were quantitatively measured in situ based on tree species and region. As a result, the emission rates from Quercus serrata T. were found to be 1000 times greate. than those from Quercus acutissima C. However, the emission rates at the Chili and Gumsung mountain sites did not show any significant differences in summer. Cuvette tests using four different oak species also supported that there was a tremendous difference in emission rates between Quercus serrata T. and Quercus acutissima C. It was found that the emission rates from the trees were highest on the order of Quercus serrata T., Quercus aliena B., Quercus acutissima C. and Quercus variabilis B.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.356-361
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• 2009

This study has targeted Quercus acutissima forests in Korea and has classified the association between Quercus acutissima forests by using the phytosociological method. In addition, the correlation between each association, distribution, potential natural vegetation, and aspect of Quercus acutissima forest according to location have been analyzed to examine the characteristics of the Korean Quercus acutissima forests. Through factor analysis of DECORANA, it was revealed that Quercetum serrato-acutissimae forms in the basal zones of mountains, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae is formed in the highlands, in the relatively high mountain area, and Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae is mainly distributed in valleys. However, this phenomenon is not very obvious, as each association structure is often mixed up. This result is caused by inhomogeneity of the Quercus acutissima forests, and most of it is distributed in basal zones or around farmlands where there are severe disturbance factors. The proposed potential natural vegetation of the Quercus acutissima forests in Korea is as follows; Quercetum serrato-acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Quercus serrata community$\rightarrow$Quercus serrata community, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Quercus mongolica community$\rightarrow$Quercus mongolica community, Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Carpinus laxiflora community$\rightarrow$Carpinus laxiflora community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1994

Vertical and horizontal distribution and seasonal changes of fine roots as well as inorganic nitrogen content in soil were determined in Quercus mongolica and Quercus acutissima stands in Mt. Taemosan, Seoul. The vertical distribution of fine rooth phytomass showed a power-functional decrease as descending soil depth. Fine root phytomass was 170 g $DM/m^2$(46%) and 225 g $DM/m^2$(47%) in top soil of 5 cm depth, and 370 g $DM/m^2$ and 480 g $DM/m^2$ from soil surface to 50 cm depth in Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima stands, respectively. Fine roots in relation to the distance from the nearest tree were evenly distributed horizontally in both stands. Fine roots phytomass in top soil of 5 cm depth reached a peak in June, and thereafter decreased gradually in both stands. Patterns of seasonal changes in fine root phytomass were closely related to inorganic nitrogen and moisture content.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.66-71
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• 2017

Background: The sprouts of oak species play an important role in maintaining the oak community in a disturbed environment. In this study, we cut 1-year-old oak in three times during the 3 years and measured the sprout responses to know sprouting ability of six deciduous oaks in Korea. Results: Oak sprouts have appeared in spring and fall, and some of the sprouts had lifespan as short as a month. As the number of cutting increases, sprout number of Quercus acutissima increased whereas the other oak species decreased or died. The average number of sprouts over the 3 years was from 1.4 (Quercus mongolica) to 2.2 (Q. acutissima) per individual. Quercus serrata died after the second cutting, and Quercus dentata died after the third cutting. So, the two species have the lowest sprouting ability among six oak species. The sprouts grew actively during fall and slowly in summer. The sprout length during the 3 years was in the following descending order: Q. acutissima, Quercus aliena, Q. dentata, and Q. mongolica. Sprout of Q. acutissima and Q. aliena generated steadily over the 3 years, and sprout of Quercus variabilis and Q. mongolica was changed by year. After the 3 years, the number of sprouts increased only in Q. acutissima but sprout number of the other five oak species decreased. The sprout length of Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, and Q. variabilis increased, but sprout length of the other three oak species decreased. The average survival rate of saplings over the 3 years was in the following descending order: Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. variabilis, and Q. mongolica. Conclusions: As a result, the sprouting ability of Q. acutissima was the highest. Such level of sprouting ability may be the evidence of how Q. acutissima community exists as a dominant species in a disturbed environment in lowlands of Korea peninsula.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2002

The barks of oak trees (Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis) were collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v/v), fractionated with hexane, $CH^2C1^2$ EtOAc and -$H_2O$, then freeze dried to give dark brown powder. The EtOAc soluble mixtures of the trees were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The structures of isolated compounds were characterized by $^1H$, $^13C$ and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and molecular weights were determined by FAB-MS spectra. The isolated compounds from Quercus acutissima were (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, gallic acid and taxifolin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and the compounds from Quercus variahilis (+)-catechin, caffeic acid and taxifolin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2021

Phytosociological characteristics on Quercus acutissima forests distribution in Daechong-dam basin survey has been carried out using Z.-M. School's methodology and numerical-classification analyses. A total of 43 phytosociological relevés were sampled. Syntaxa were described as Oplismenus undulatifolius-Quercus acutissima community(typicum subcommunity, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica subcommunity, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica subcommunity), Quercus acutissima community and Quercus variabilis-Quercus acutissima community (typicum subcommunity, Castanea crenata subcommunity). The above three plant communities were classified with species composition reflecting local environmental characteristics of mountain topographies, inclination degrees, and rock exposure rates. Conclusively, those communities were recognized as secondary vegetation affected by high intensity and frequency of human impacts as they inhabited in southward hill lands and low lying grounds in mountains adjacent to human settlements and arable lands. Quercus acutissima community was classified as rural type syntax based on their inlandward distribution and species composition differences from urban forests. Afforest process and natural succession were discussed in relation with habitat environmental elements of Quercus acutissima forest in the survey area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.60-66
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• 2006

With the species composition table, the forest community of Mt. Yeonginsan were classified into Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, and Quercus acutissima community. The importance value of the study community was 73.55, 36.28, 29.87, 25.07, 24.88, and 21.25 in Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Larix leptolepis, and Quercus acutissima, respectively. According to breast diameter analysis, the importance value of Quercus mongolica, Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata continuously increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2024

This study attempted to elucidate the ecological niches and influencing environmental factors of Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima, which are representative deciduous broad-leaved trees in Korean forests, taxonomically close and genetically similar, under climate change conditions. Under climate change conditions induced by increased CO₂ and temperature, soil moisture and nutrient environments were manipulated in four gradients. At the end of the growing, plants were harvested to measure growth responses, calculate ecological niches, and compare them with those of the control. Eperimental plants were grown for 180 days in a glass greenhouse designed with four gradients each for soil moisture and nutrient environments under climate change conditions induced by increased CO₂ and temperature. After harvesting, growth responses of leaf traits were measured, ecological niches were calculated, and these were compared with those of the control groups. Furthermore, the responses of the two species' populations were interpreted using principal component analysis(PCA) based on leaf trait measurements. As a result, under climate change conditions, the ecological niche breadth for moisture environment was broader for Quercus variabilis than Quercus acutissima, whereas for the nutrient environment, Quercus acutissima exhibited a broader niche breadth than Quercus variabilis. And the rate of change in ecological niche breadth due to climate change decreased for Quercus variabilis in both moisture and nutrient environments, while for Quercus acutissima, it increased in the moisture environment but decreased in the nutrient environment. Additionally, in terms of group responses, both Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima expanded their ecological niches under climate change conditions in both soil moisture and nutrient conditions, with Quercus acutissima exhibiting a broader niche than Quercus variabilis under nutrient conditions. These results indicate that the changes in leaf morphological characteristics and the responses of individuals reflecting them vary not only under climate change conditions but also depending on environmental factors.