• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2016

Flavonoids are widely reported to be beneficial to human health. Among flavonoids, in general, flavonoid aglycons have better biological activities than flavonoid glycosides, in that aglycons can easily penetrate through cell membrane because of their low polarity. Therefore, kaempferol, quercetin and various their glycosides were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit NO and $PGE_2$ productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Of these flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, kaempferol-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside(kp-7-glu) which possesses a glycoside at C-7 position of the A ring in kaempferol, potently inhibited NO, $PGE_2$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2008

In the previous study, the anti-oxidant activity of oxtract/fraction of Sueada aspparagoides(SA) and the stability test for the cream containing SA extract were investigated respectively[1,2]. In this study, the components of SA extract were analyzed by TLC, HPLC, and LC/ESI-MS/MS, $^1H$-NMR. TLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction of SA extract revealed 5 bands $(SA1{\sim}SA5)$. HPLC chromatogram of aglycone fractions obtained from deglycoylation reaction of ethyl acetate fraction showed 2 bands (SAA 2 and SAA 1), which were identified as quercetin (composition ratio, 16.88%) and kaempferol (83.12%) in the order of elution time. Among 5 bands of TLC chromatogram, 4 bands $(SA2{\sim}SA5)$ also were Identified as kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (SA 2), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (SA3), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (SA 4), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (SA 5) by LC/ESI-MS/MSMS/MS. respectively. The spectrum generated for SAA 1 by LC/ESI-MS/MS in the negative ion mode also gave the ion corresponding to the deprotonated aglycone $[M-H]^-$ (285m/z), the $^1H$-NMR spectrum contained signals [${\delta}$ 6.19 (1H, d, J=1.8Hz, H-6), ${\delta}$ 6.44 (1H, d, J=1.8Hz, H-8), ${\delta}$ 6.92 (2H, d, J=9.0Hz, H-3', 5'), ${\delta}$ 8.04 (2H, d, J=9.0Hz, H-2', 6', thus SAA 1 was identified as kaempferol. SAA 2 yielded the deprotonated agycone ion $[M-H]^-$ (301m/z), $^1H$-NMR spectrum showed signals [${\delta}$ 6.20 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H-6), ${\delta}$ 6.42 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H-8), ${\delta}$ 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.6Hz, H-5'), ${\delta}$ 7.55 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 2.2Hz, H-6'), ${\delta}$ 7.69 (1H, d, J=2.2Hz, H-2', thus SAA 2 was Identified as quercetin. In conclusion, with the anti-oxidant activity and the stability test reported previously, component analysis of SA extracts could be applicable to new cosmeceuticals.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.791-798
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of $CCl_4$ (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnosyl- (${\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by $CCl_4$ reactive free radicals.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2020

The aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata is used as a traditional medicine and vegetable. In traditional folk medicine, it is used for treatment of hemorrhages, hepatic, disease, renal injuries, hair loss, tooth mobility, and viper bites. In this study, ten compounds (1 - 10) were isolated from the aerial parts of E. prostrata. A reliable high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photometric diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method was developed to simultaneously quantitate 10 marker compounds [chlorogenic acid (1), paratensein 7-O-��-ᴅ-glucoside (2), quercetin 7-O-��-ᴅ-glucoside (3), luteolin 7-O-��-ᴅ-glucoside (4), apigenin 7-O-��-ᴅ-glucoside (5), apigenin 4'-O-��-ᴅ-glucoside (6), apigenin (7), luteolin (8), wedelolactone (9), and paratensein (10)]. In addition, compounds 5 and 6 showed considerable inhibitory effects against protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme. Moreover, compounds 6 - 8, and 10 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 24.5 ± 1.9, 33.0 ± 0.5, 45.5 ± 0.1, and 23.8 ± 1.0 µM, respectively. All compounds (1 - 10) showed considerable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects with IC50 ranging from 30.1 to 75.2 µM.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 1996

A chemical examination of the aerial parts of Euphorbia pekinensis $R_{UPRECHT}$. (Euphorbiaceae) has led to the isolation of seven hydrolyzable tannins and ten fl avonoid glycosides. The former ones have been identified as gallic acid, methylgallate, 3-O-galloyl shikimic acid, 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-${\beta}-_D$-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}-_D$-glucose, corilagin, geraniin and the latter ones as isoquercitrin, quercitrin, astragalin, afzelin, prunin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-${\beta}-_D$-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-${\alpha}-_L$-rhamnoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.181-186
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• 2007

Seven phenolic compounds, scopoletin (1), caffeic acid methyl ester (2), apigenin 7-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnosyl-(1${\rightarrow}$6)-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (3), isorhamnetin 7-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (4), isorhamnetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (5), luteolin (6), and quercetin 3-methyl ether (7) were isolated from the methanol extract of the flowers of S. excelsus. Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using a SRB method. The compounds 4 and 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity with ED$_{50}$ values ranging from 1.59 to 13.14${\mu}$g/ml.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2003

The potential of seven flavonoid glycosides to induce quinone reductase (QR), an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme, in murine hepatoma cells (hepalc1c7) and its mutant cells (BPRc1) was evaluated. Among test compounds, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, luteolin-6-c-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-G) induced QR in hepalc1c7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, in BPRc1 cells lacking arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), only Q-3-G caused a significant induction of quinone reductase at the concentration range of 0.5 to 8 ug/mL, suggesting that it is a monofunctional inducer. Q-3-G induced not only phase 2 enzymes, including QR and glutathione-S-transferase, but also nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in HL-60 cells, a biochemical marker for cell differentiation promoting agents. In conclusion, Q-3-G merits further study to evaluate its cancer chemopreventive potential.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2013

Phytochemical constituents were isolated from the seeds of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by open column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), ${\beta}$-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (2), oleanolic acid (3), kaempferol (4), quercetin (5), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (6), and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (7) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR, and MS. To our knowledge, oleanolic acid (3) has been isolated for the first time from the seeds of Fagopyrum species. The total contents of compounds 4 - 7 were 0.500 mg/g in Daesan maemil, 0.312 mg/g in Yangjul maemil, and 2.185 mg/g in tartary buckwheat.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.120-125
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• 2019

In this paper, we have isolated six phenolic compounds, such as (+)-catechin (1), taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-xylose (3), quercetin (4), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L(+)-rhamnose (quercitrin) (5), apigenin-8-C-rhamnosyl-(1'''${\rightarrow}$2'')-glucoside (2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin) (6) from the EtOAc(Ethyl Acetate) and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of Japanese anise(Illicium anisatum L) leaves and twigs. Also, we have evaluated antioxidative and antiviral activity for each isolated compound. The antioxidative test was DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. According to the experimental results, all of the isolated compounds indicated the increased radical scavenging activities as the concentration increases and most of the isolated compounds indicated generally good antioxidative values compare to the controls, ascorbic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In the antiviral activities, all of the isolated compounds had no potentials in rhinovirus 1B (HRV 1B). But in enterovirus 71 (EV 71) and Influenza virus A/PR/8 (Influenza PR8), only quercetin (4) indicated the good antiviral activity compare to the control. Based on the above results, we found that the phenolic compounds of Japanese anise may be applied for one of the natural biomass sources that can be used as an antioxidant and an antiviral substance.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

Alcoholic extract of Spathodea campanulata P. aerial parts, and two of the isolated fractions from celite column showed strong antioxidant activity (92, 94 & 89% RSA, Radical Scavenging Activity). Phytochemical investigation of chloroform/EtOAc faction of this column led to the isolation of phenolic acids, caffiec acid (1), and ferulic acid (2), fraction EtOAc/MeOH on further fractionation afforded 3 Flavonoids, kampferol 3-O-glucoside (3), quercetin 3-methyl ether (4) and 8-methoxy kampferol 3-O-glucoside (5). The isolated constituents were identified by co chromatography with authentic samples, TLC, PC., UV, MS and $^1H-NMR$. Also the lipoidal matter of the plant was studied. The unsaponifiable matter was found to be mixture of hydrocarbons from $(C_{14}-C_{28})$, cholesterol, campasterol, stigmasterol, and ${\alpha}-amyrin$. Fatty acid methyl esters were found to contain 12 fatty acids. The fatty acids containing $C_{18}$ farmed ca.65% of the total mixture.