• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1088-1097
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• 2018

Objective: It is commonly accepted that adiponectin binds to its two receptors to regulate fatty acid metabolism in adipocytes. To better understand their functions in the regulation of intramuscular adipogenesis in goats, we cloned the three genes (adiponectin [AdipoQ], adiponectin receptor 1 [AdipoR1], and AdipoR2) encoding these proteins and detected their mRNA distribution in different tissues. We also determined the role of AdipoQ in the adipogenic differentiation of goat skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Methods: SMSCs were isolated using 1 mg/mL Pronase E from the longissimus dorsi muscles of 3-day-old female Nanjiang brown goats. Adipogenic differentiation was induced in satellite cells by transferring the cells to Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with an isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin cocktail. The pEGFP-N1-AD plasmid was transfected into SMSCs using Lipofectamine 2000. Expression of adiponectin in tissues and SMSCs was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining. Results: The three genes were predominantly expressed in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. According to fluorescence and immunocytochemical analyses, adiponectin protein expression was only observed in the cytoplasm, suggesting that adiponectin is localized to the cytoplasm of goat SMSCs. In SMSCs overexpressing the AdipoQ gene, adiponectin promoted SMSC differentiation into adipocytes and significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated expression of AdipoR2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty-acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, though expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding $protein-{\alpha}$, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and AdipoR1 did not change significantly. Conclusion: Adiponectin induced SMSC differentiation into adipocytes, indicating that adiponectin may promote intramuscular adipogenesis in goat SMSC.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.445-449
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• 1997

The complex refractive indices of $Ge_2Se_2Te_5$ which show reversible phase change between the crystalline phase and an amorphous one depending upon the annealing process have been determined in the spectral range of 0.7-4.5 eV. The $Ge_2Se_2Te_5$ films were DC sputter deposited on the crystalline silicon substrate. The spectro-ellipsometry data of a thick film were analyzed following the modelling procedure where the quantum mechanical dispersion relation were used for the complex refractive indices of both the cryastalline phase $Ge_2Se_2Te_5$ and and amorphous phase $Ge_2Se_2Te_5$, respectively. On the other hand, with the surface micro-roughness layer whose effective thickness was determined from AFM analysis, the spectro-ellipsometry data were numerically inverted to yield the complex refractive index of $Ge_2Se_2Te_5$ at each wavelength. With these set of complex refractive indices, the reflectance spectra were calculated and those spectra obtained from the numerical inversion showed better agreement with the experimental reflection spectra for both the cryastalline phase and an amorphous phase. Finally, the thin $Ge_2Se_2Te_5$ film which has the optimum thickness of 26 nm as the medium for optical recording was also analyzed and the quantitative result of the film thickness and the surface microroughness has been reported.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2010

Landscape urbanism emerges as an alternative to the urban design theories of the past century, emphasizing landscape as an organizing principle, integrating the medium of different elements of the urban environment. However, ongoing criticism of the theory's lack of consideration for physical urban morphology has not supported the integrity of the theory. Large parks, which many proponents of the theory have referred to, possess valuable and interesting points in their design and management. This also shows the limitation of not being able to show the close physical relationship between open space and the city. In this study, the High Line project was analyzed to verify it as founded on landscape urbanism, providing that landscape urbanism drives the urban morphology on a small scale rather than a large one. This paper concludes that landscape urbanism should include small parks as one kind of study model with the small grained interaction between open spaces and the cities under this category to broaden and deepen the perspective. Also, the effort to analyze quantified and physical consequences of the theory through close observation should be followed to extract the design strategies to be applied to future projects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2010

Fungi, including allergenic, pathogenic or toxigenic species, may have direct effects on human health, interfere with the disinfection process and maintenance of chlorine residual, and add to taste and odor problems. We surveyed distribution of waterborne fungi from raw water in Busan metropolitan city using the EPA standard method. According to the survey, conducted from March 2008 to October 2008, the number of fungi in raw water was high in September and low in April. Quantitative enumeration of fungi per 100 ml of raw water ranged from 5 to 64 CFU, and a higher number was detected in the Mulgum region compared to the Maeri region. Total fungi numbers highly correlated with pH, water temperature and total coliform in this area. Predominant fungi genera grown in medium were identified as Aspergillus, Penicillum, Histoplasma, Rhizopus, Trichophyton, Mucor and Sporthrix species. Aspergillus flavus and Penicillum notatum were particularly dominant in both areas. There were a total of 6 and 9 species detected in the Mulgum and Maeri regions respectively, and the number of species was more verified in the Maeri region than the Mulgum region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1986

In order to analyse the color preference quantitatively, specially with reference to the subjects in the age of twenties, 100 subjects(M=50, F=50) that unconsidered other factors were adopted and responded to 4 items of the questionaire. The item no. 1 was to investigate the most prefered color on the white background, no. 2 was to most preferred stimulation -level of lightness in the same hues, no. 3 was to most prefered color on 5 different backgrounds -grey, blue, pink, yellow, and yellow green-, and no. 4 was same as no. 3 but with different color-arrangement Materials for item 1 and 3 were made with transparent acryl-boards(30cm$\times$30cm), on which 16 color chips arranged on circle, for item 4 on lattice, and for item 2 with 16 white boards(8cm$\times$21cm), on which 7 color chips of different lightness-level arranged. Reflectance(Y) and color coordinate(x, y) of all color chips measured with color difference meter were transfered into wavelength(nm), exitation purity(%), and Munsell's value. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) Most prefered color was bluish green with wave1ength about 500nm. As increasing of exitation purity of color, more prefered. 2) When there were 7 different levels of lightness in the same hues, the relationship between the number of preference and the stimulation was inverted U-shaped. 3) With changing the background -color, the prefered colors were contrasting when backgrounds were low or high intensity-stimulation and familiar colors when backgrounds were medium intensity.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2009

The Gyeongju Seokbinggo (Treasure No. 66) is an ice-storing stone warehouse, consisting mainly of alkaligranite which shows milky white color and medium-grained textures with drusy cavities. As results of deterioration assessment, the deterioration rates were determined as crack (12.5%), disjoining (6.7%), breaking-out (25.1%), exfoliation (20.9%), efflorescence (6.5%), brown discoloration (9.8%), darkgray discoloration (2.0%) and biological discoloration (36.5%). Comprehensive physical deterioration rate and discoloration rate were calculated as 43.7% and 68.7%, respectively, that indicates the Seokbinggo has been severely weathered. Indoor relative humidity was above 90% except in winter season. Indoor microclimate was hardly fluctuating although indoor microclimate was dependent on the outdoor climate. The main cause of deterioration was high relative humidity and a long time of wetness due to penetration of rain, underground water and condensation. It was identified that the water brought out biological discoloration, dissolution of minerals, structural movement and efflorescence, and the dust from the ground soil in front of the entrance accelerated brown and dark gray discoloration on the stone surface.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.189-211
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• 2009

The importance of searching the weak signal has been increasingly recognized to cope with rapidly changing circumstances as an environmental analysis technique. This study proposed the NEST process for the searching for the weak signal. The NEST (New & Emerging Signals of Trends) is a micro environmental analysis process based on both quantitative and qualitative method. For this, the weak signal Searching Board is developed and traditional methods as global monitoring, trend analysis, brainstorming and delphi method are implemented to NEST. The NEST process is consists of three stage modules; the global monitoring stage in search of seeds information related to the environmental change, the weak signal analysis stage using the weak signal Tracking Board, and the delphi valuation stage for objectifying the final result. The NEST provides the weak signal of the promising technology which can bring new paradigm and the Up-Coming Trends which can lead new trend in the future. These outputs can be used to select promising technology from firm level to national level. The NEST system can be effectively operated as well as in small group so that small and medium innovative firms can develop and execute their own NEST process individually.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4068-4074
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of MR Breast perfusion image and time-signal intensity curve in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. We selected on 20 patients who were histologically diagnosed to have invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from March 2009 to December 2010. First, the Breast perfusion mapping image was reconstructed after obtaining the dynamic contrast enhancement image. The reconstructed image measured the slope, maximal relative enhancement, and time to peak on the detail including the lesion region, normal region, back ground region after obtaining the time-signal intensity curve. The lesion region and normal and slope of the back ground part were measured with the quantitive analytical method about the research and the average was compared and was analyze. In the qualitative analysis, the signal strength of each pixel was analyze with the macroscopic and being high it was low, the medium (2) performed the division of (a) by the three-point standard and the average was measured. The findings from the quantitative image analysis are the following: In the lesion region, the slope and maximal relative enhancement were the highestest among and the time to peak was the highestest in the back ground region. In the qualitative analysis, the breast perfusion image showed a diagnostic efficiency.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for an adult population for use in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The 24-hour recall data for 2,939 subjects aged 19 years and over from the fourth KNHANES first year (2007) were used to extract the items included in the questionnaire. The FFQ items were developed by selection of major dishes based on the cumulative contribution rate, between-person variability based on the cumulative R2 of energy and 14 nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorous, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C) and the number of consumers of each dish. In addition, the FFQ items were revised with analysis of 24-hour recall data of the fourth KNHANES second and third year (2008, 2009). Finally, 112 items were included in the FFQ and grouped as follows: rice (5 items), noodles and dumplings (6), breads and rice cakes (8), soups and stews (12), soybeans, eggs, meat and fish (23), vegetables, seaweed and potatoes (27), milk and dairy products (4), fruits (13), beverages (5), snacks (6) and alcoholic beverages (3). The food items of FFQ accounted for an average of 87.0% of energy and 14 nutrient intakes and also accounted for 81.7% of the between-person variability. The frequency range of the FFQ items was classified into nine categories (never or seldom, once per month, 2-3 times per month, once per week, 2-4 times per week, 5-6 times per week, once per day, twice per day and three times per day) and the portion size was divided into three categories (small, medium and large). We expect that this developed dish-based FFQ could be used in assessment of longterm dietary intakes of Korean adults.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improvement plan for an effective benefit sharing support policy through empirical analysis on the benefit sharing operation of government as well as the benefit sharing support policy of government affecting firm performance. Therefore, this study analyzed current problems on benefit sharing operation of government as well as performed a survey for 225 participating and cooperation firms regarding firm performance. This study found some improvements such as insufficient diverse incentive measures leading to the difficulty of participating firm's increase and spread, insufficient substantial benefit sharing such a cash allocation between consignment firms, the increase of biz management system model failing to induce innovation of new technology or product, and difficult spread into 2nd, 3rd cooperative firms besides 1st ones, meanwhile, verifying the positive influence of government benefit sharing support policy on both participating and cooperation firms, especially on the performance of cooperation firms. As a further study, it is necessary to increase the objectiveness and accuracy of a research through verification of the interrelationships between firm statue and performance on the basis of more objective and quantitative data such a sales increase or R&D capability of cooperation firms.