• 전기의세계
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.6-10
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• 1967

The deionization behavior in plasma during arc discharge of mercury arc rectifier depends on ambipolar diffusion. It is shown here in the quantitative analysis that a diameter of arc path which affects the mercury arc rectifier characteristics is related with the density of charged particles in plasma, the particle number of extruguish ion, the deionizing time and the recovering time of grid controlled ability. The conclusion would he useful for designing a diameter of arc path of mercury arc rectifier by quantitative method. And it could be applied to the designing of electrical apparatus using arc discharge phenomena.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Paper packaging materials are essential in protection and transportation of commercial or industrial products. Raw materials for packaging paper production are mainly obtained from various grades of waste paper. For this reason, the recycled fibers from waste paper would probably have possibility of containing heavy metals. This study was focused on the development of optimum pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury. The optimum pre-treatment for open digestion system were obtained at the treatment conditions of acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2$ or $HNO_3/H_2SO_4$ at $80^{\circ}C$. The optimum pre-treatment conditions in closed digestion system were determinated by the acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2/HF$ in microwave at 320 W for 20 min. The recovery rate in open digestion system was 85~94% and in closed digestion system was indicated as about 100%. Therefore, the closed system is superior than the open system in pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury, and the detected mercury contents in the sample of KOCC, AOCC and kraft sack paper were measured below 1 ppm.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.245-250
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• 1984

Reciprocal exchanges of DNA in sister chromatids (SCEs) are induced by various carcinogens and mutagens, although the quantitative relationship between the number of mutations and SCEs induced varies among chemicals. Nevertheless, the analysis of SCEs production by various agents often proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. Mercury, even if which has no evidences for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, is reported to exert some cytotoxic effects, such as chromosomal aberrations or bad influences to ovulation and reproduction in experimental animals, etc.. In this study, tests for sister chromatid exchanges have been carried out on normal human lymphocytes in whole blood culture to add mercury chloride ($HgCl_2$) or methylmercury chloride ($CH_3\;HgCl$) for 72 hr. The results indicate the dose-dependent relationship between the frequencies of SCEs and the concentrations of $HgCl_2,\;CH_{3}HgCl$ and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Lymphocyte proliferation has depressed in the higher concentration of mercury.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.7-9
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• 1977

Quantitative analysis of harmful Hg in edible bean sprouts was carried out by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer Model 403). The samples studied as shown in Table 2. are edible bean sprouts (36) which wet·e collected from Gwangju area. It was investigated that the Mercury (Hg) content of edible bean sprouts was from 0.0098 ppm to 0.533 ppm (average 0.240). Mercury contaminated edible bean sprouts studied, was about 50 percentage of total samples.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.306-315
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• 2005

Total gas phase mercury (TGM) concentrations and event wet-only precipitation for Hg were collected for nine months (from April, 2002 to Dec., 2002) at Sterling, NY on the shoreline of Lake Ontario. TGM concentrations measured in this study ($3.02{\pm}2.14\;ng/m^3$) were in somewhat high range compared to other background sites. Using simplified quantitative transport bias analysis (SQTBA) possible sources affecting high Hg concentration in Sterling was identified, and they are coal-fired power plants located in southern NY and Pennsylvania. Wet deposition measured at Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) sites including Pt. Petre and Egbert, ON were compared with data obtained at the Sterling to estimate the total mercury wet deposition flux to Lake Ontario. The wet deposition flux was calculated to be the highest at the Sterling site ($7.94\;{\mu}g/m^2$ from April, 2002 to Dec. 2002) and the lowest at the Egbert ($3.92\;{\mu}g/m^2$), due to the both the difference in precipitation depth and Hg concentration in the precipitation. The deposition measured at the Sterling site is similar to Lake Michigan deposition of $6-14\;{\mu}g/m^2$ (converted for ninth months) measured for Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study (LMMBS).

• 환경생물
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2006

경상북도내의 금속광산, 공장 및 공업지역의 토양의 오염도를 조사하고 중금속 오염토양 중에 분포하는 미생물 flora의 정량적 평가를 위하여 청정지역인 독도토양과 비교한 결과, 일반세균의 경우 $10\sim100$배 낮은 분포율을 나타내었으며, 6가크롬 오염토양 중 곰팡이는 거의 검출되지 많았다. 방선균은 수은 오염토양의 경우 $6.7X10^5\sim7.5X10^7\;cfu\;g^{-1}$, 6가크롬 오염토양 내 방선균 수는 $4.8X10^4\sim5.0X10^5\;cfu\;g^{-1}$이 측정되어 대조구 토양 내 방선균 분포와 비슷한 높은 분포율을 나타내었다. 수은 오염토양 시료를 $HgCl_2$ 50ppm과 100ppm을 각각 첨가한 배지에 접종하여 방선균수를 측정한 결과 대조구 토양에 비해 10배 이상의 높은 수를 확인하였다. 수은 및 6가크롬의 오염토양으로부터 분리된 방선균 150 균주에 대해 항균력을 검토한 결과 31균주가 양성반응을 나타내었다. 이들 방선균 중 강한 항균활성을 나타낼 10균주를 선발하여 계통학적 특성을 검토한 결과 Streptomyces 속, Saccharopolyspora 속, 그리고 Nocardioides 속에 속하는 3개의 계통군으로 분류되었다. 이들 분리균주중에는 기지 미생물종과 97% 이하의 낮은 상동성을 나타내는 신규미생물도 다수 포함되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 본 연구에서 조사된 수은 및 6가크롬 오염토양내 중금속 내성 및 항균활성을 갖는 방선균이 높게 분포해 있음이 확인되어, 난분해성 화합물을 포함한 다양한 구조의 유해 독성물질의 정균작용으로 인한 중금속 오염토양 내 환경의 복원이 효율적으로 이루어 질 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 셀메드
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.4
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• 2016

Consumption of herbal products from the medicinal plants contaminated with heavy metals can cause serious consequences on human health. This is a major concern for traditional and herbal medicine. The present study was carried out to analyze and quantify the levels of six potentially toxic heavy metals namely arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium and nickel in ten important Indian medicinal herbs. The air dried raw herbs were processed by microwave assisted wet digestion and analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with graphite tube atomizer. Except the chromium content in three plants, all the levels of six heavy metals analyzed were found to be quite below the permissible limits in all the ten raw medicinal herbs analyzed. The present work implies that, regular and systematic screening of raw medicinal herbs is necessary to check the levels of the heavy metal contaminants before using them for consumption or preparation of herbal formulations so that the possible contamination cannot cumulate up to the finished products.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2021

GF-AAS와 수은분석기를 이용하여 납, 비소, 카드뮴 및 수은의 회수율로 정확도를 측정한 결과 92.67-102.56% 범위에서 측정되었고, 정밀도를 측정한 결과 0.21-6.00 RSD%의 재현성을 보였으며, CODEX guideline에서 규정하는 범위에 적합하였다. 또한, FAPAS QC material을 검증결과, 회수율은 96.7-102.0%, 재현성은 0.33-4.93 RSD%로 우수한 결과를 나타냈다. 한약재 430건의 평균 Pb 함량은 254.9 ㎍/kg(N.D.-2,515.2)이었고, 평균 As 함량은 171.0 ㎍/kg (N.D.-2,465.2)이었으며, 평균 Cd 함량은 99.2 ㎍/kg (N.D.-797.1), 평균 Hg 함량은 6.0 ㎍/kg (N.D.-83.6)이었다. 분석 결과 우리나라에 유통되는 한약재 20종은 식품의약품안전처에서 규정하는 한약재의 중금속 함량에 대한 허용기준 이내의 결과로 모두 안전한 수준의 한약재로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 한약 규격품 제조업소를 품질관리의 기준으로 하여 유통되기 직전의 가공 포장 과정에서의 한약재 중 납, 비소, 카드뮴 및 수은의 함량을 조사하여 한약재 내 중금속 함량 실태를 파악하고, 국민에게 안전하고 우수한 한약재를 공급하기 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2009

All organisms are being exposed to harmful factors present in the environmental. The combined action of various factors is a distinguishing feature of modern life. An interaction between two chemicals is considered as synergistic when the effect produced is greater than the sum of the two single responses. The biological effects due to the combined action of ionizing radiation with the other factor are hard to estimate and predict in advance. In the current study, we investigated the synergistic effects between ionizing and $HgCl_2$ using fish hepatoma cells (PLHC-1 cells). The results showed a dramatic decrease of cell viability after simultaneous treatment of PLHC-1 cells with ionizing radiation and $HgCl_2$. Neiither of the two had any cytotoxic effect when treated alone. The cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation was enhanced in the presence of $HgCl_2$. The synergistic effects were observed after exposure of the PLHC-1 cells to ionizing radiation combined with $HgCl_2$. The synergistic interaction was due to an increase of irreversibly damaged cells after the combined exposure. Analysis of the extent of synergistic interaction enables to make quantitative estimation of irreversibly damaged cells after the combined exposure. The present study suggests that PLHC-1 cells can serve as rapid screening tools for detecting the toxicity of harmful factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1985

경남의 주요 미꾸라지산지인 5개지역 ( 밀양, 울산, 기장, 영산, 김해 )의 미꾸라지 여름철시료와 가을철시료의 중금속함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 카드뮴은 5개지역의 계절별 시료에서 모두 검출되지 않았다. 2) 구리는 여름철시료에서$2.640{\sim}4.973ppm$이, 가을철시료는 $1.722{\sim}2.353ppm$이 검출되었으며 여름철시료의 구리함량이 높았다. 3) 크롬은 여름철시료에 $0.324{\sim}0.471ppm$이, 가을철시료에 $0.443{\sim}1.073ppm$이 함유되어 있었으며 가을철시료에 크롬의 함량이 높았다. 4) 망간은 여름철시료에 $5.607{\sim}8.010ppm$이, 가을철시료에는 $2.563{\sim}14.405$이 함유되어 있었으며 울산을 제외하고는 가을철시료에 망간의 함량이 높았다. 5) 비소는 5개지역 모두 검출되지 않았다. 6) 납은 여름철시료에 $1.720{\sim}2.351ppm$이, 가을철시료에 $0.306{\sim}1.882ppm$으로 5개지역 모두 여름철시료가 높았다. 7) 수은은 여름철시료에 $0.029{\sim}2.351ppm$이, 가을철시료에 $0.039{\sim}0.103ppm$으로 여름철과 가을철시료에 차이가 없었다. 우리나라의 식품위생관계법규에는 콩나물의 수은함량에 대한 잠재규정만 있을 뿐 그 외의 자연식품에 대한 중금속 함량은 규제치가 정해져 있지 않다. 위의 실험결과 미꾸라지중 중금속함량은 우리나라 식품일반에 대한 규제치, 미국의 FDA나 Australia의 NHMRC의 규제치등에 비교해 볼 때 안전범위에 있었다.