• 터널과지하공간
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.418-429
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• 2000

지하공간 개발에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 국내에서도 안전한 터널시공에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 터널 시공 중 발생 가능한 터널의 붕락 사고의 특성을 조사하여 각종 터널의 붕락사고 유형을 파악하고, 이에 대한 구체적인 원인을 분석하였으며, 사례분석을 통해 터널 붕락의 주요 요인과 개략적인 대책도 함께 제시하였다. 또한 , 국내ㆍ외 터널보강공법의 기준과 적용현황을 분석하여 세부적이고 합리적인 보강공법의 체계확립을 위한 기초를 마련하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 터널 막장의 안전성 등급을 결정하고, 적절한 보강공법을 선정을 위해 퍼지 수량화 이론과 퍼지추론 시스템을 기반으로 터널정보 데이터베이스를 구축하여 전문가시스템의 모형을 개발하였다. 개발한 시스템의 검증을 위하여 다양한 보강공법을 시공하였던 한강하저터널을 비롯한 국내ㆍ외 3 곳의 터널 현장 자료를 이용하여 적용한 결과 실제 시행한 보강공법과 근접한 추론결과를 보였다. 정보화시공을 통해 터널 막장기록과 계측자료의 이용을 극대화하고 객관적인 기준의 부재로 인해 일부 전문가의 경험에만 의존하고 있는 국내 보강공법 시공기술을 보다 발전시켜 합리적인 보강공법을 제시하는데 도움이 되고자 하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.14-32
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• 2019

Purpose - This study is designed to provide new insights on trade claim management by typifying trade claims from a relational perspective, which defines trade as an organic combination that exchanges relationships based on a mutual goal instead of conflicts between obligations and rights of the contracting parties. Design/methodology - This is a phenomenological study that aims to typify trade claims based on a relational perspective and extract implications for trade claim management. The research procedures of this study are as follows. First, international commercial dispute cases applying the CISG are collected. Second, the cases collected are quantified through content analysis. The variables for quantification are developed based on a relationship perspective. Third, cluster analysis is conducted on coded data to typify cases. And finally, this study compares the characteristics of each type using analysis of variance and suggests implications for the strategic management of trade claims from a relational perspective. Findings - Results show that trade claims are divided into four clusters, depending on whether flexibility is accepted or not and which party violates mutuality. There is also a difference between the claimant and the cause of the claim, according to the cluster. Based on the results, this study suggests that the buyer and the seller should employ different strategies depending on the type of trade claim and presents proposals for strategic claim management. Originality/value - Firstly, this study extends the theoretical discussion on trade claims by applying relational contract theory. Prior studies on trade claims have been primarily based on traditional contract theory. The second is to analyze trade claims quantitatively. Prior case studies on trade claims have mainly relied on qualitative research. Finally, the study contributes to international commercial practice by typifying trade claims and presenting options for strategic management.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.508-520
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• 2020

Dam reservoirs have been reported to contribute significantly to global carbon emissions, but unlike natural lakes, there is considerable uncertainty in calculating carbon emissions due to the complex of emission pathways. In particular, the method of calculating carbon dioxide (CO2) net atmospheric flux (NAF) based on a simple gas exchange theory from sporadic data has limitations in explaining the spatiotemporal variations in the CO2 flux in stratified reservoirs. This study was aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal CO2 distribution and mass balance in Daecheong Reservoir, located in the mid-latitude monsoon climate zone, by applying a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2). Simulation results showed that the Daecheong Reservoir is a heterotrophic system in which CO2 is supersaturated as a whole and releases CO2 to the atmosphere. Spatially, CO2 emissions were greater in the lacustrine zone than in the riverine and transition zones. In terms of time, CO2 emissions changed dynamically according to the temporal stratification structure of the reservoir and temporal variations of algae biomass. CO2 emissions were greater at night than during the day and were seasonally greatest in winter. The CO2 NAF calculated by the CE-QUAL-W2 model and the gas exchange theory showed a similar range, but there was a difference in the point of occurrence of the peak value. The findings provide useful information to improve the quantification of CO2 emissions from reservoirs. In order to reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of reservoir carbon emissions, more precise monitoring in time and space is required.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 1999

Traffic accidents increase with the increase of the vehicles in operation on the street. Especially big traffic accidents composed of over 3 killed or 20 injured accidents with the property damage become one of the serious problems to be solved in most of the cities. The purpose of this study is to build the discrimination model on big traffic accidents using the Quantification II theory for establishing the countermeasures to reduce the big traffic accidents. The results are summarized as follows. 1)The existing traffic accident related model could not explain the phenomena of the current traffic accident appropriately. 2) Based on the big traffic accident types vehicle-vehicle, vehicle-alone, vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-train accident rates 73%, 20.5% 5.6% and two cases respectively. Based on the law violation types safety driving non-fulfillment center line invasion excess speed and signal disobedience were 48.8%, 38.1% 2.8% and 2.8% respectively. 3) Based on the law violation types major factors in big traffic accidents were road and environment, human, and vehicle in order. Those factors were vehicle, road and environment, and human in order based on types of injured driver’s death. 4) Based on the law violation types total hitting and correlation rates of the model were 53.57% and 0.97853. Based on the types of injured driver’s death total hitting and correlation rates of the model were also 71.4% and 0.59583.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

In conventional ergonomics, consumer product can be made based on anthropometric data and specific design guideline. However, the product may not satisfy consumers because their emotional preference have not been properly considered in design phase. Therefore, in this study a new chair design process was introduced by which both consumer's emotional need and traditional ergonomic requirement can be satisfied. As a part of the process, the traditional Kansei engineering technique was modified to collect quantitative information of consumer's visual appreciation and physical feedback of various types of chairs. Furthermore, we developed an interface, so called, KADAS(Kamsung Analysis and Design Assistance System), for designers to use the technique in chair design. This software can help designers to understand what should be the most suitable shape in designing items such as seat, back and arm rest, etc. to meet the emotional need of consumers. This software displays the result of modified quantification theory I, and explains how to use the statistics. This study suggested a new approach for ergonomic design incorporated with Kansei Engineering technique. This technique can be also applied to other products by extending the database of KADAS.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.349-375
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• 2016

The tension of an arch bridge hanger is estimated using a number of experimentally identified modal frequencies. The hanger is connected through metallic plates to the bridge deck and arch. Two different categories of model classes are considered to simulate the vibrations of the hanger: an analytical model based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and a high-fidelity finite element (FE) model. A Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection method is used to discriminate between models, select the best model, and estimate the hanger tension and its uncertainty. It is demonstrated that the end plate connections and boundary conditions of the hanger due to the flexibility of the deck/arch significantly affect the estimate of the axial load and its uncertainty. A fixed-end high fidelity FE model of the hanger underestimates the hanger tension by more than 20 compared to a baseline FE model with flexible supports. Simplified beam models can give fairly accurate results, close to the ones obtained from the high fidelity FE model with flexible support conditions, provided that the concept of equivalent length is introduced and/or end rotational springs are included to simulate the flexibility of the hanger ends. The effect of the number of experimentally identified modal frequencies on the estimates of the hanger tension and its uncertainty is investigated.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop the user-oriented housing interior space sensibility evaluation tools: The user-oriented housing interior space sensibility evaluation tools shall be developed through the systematic selection process of the extracted housing interior space images, which were linked with the adjectives of sensibility evaluation selected for the housing interior space preferred by the user from the specific words of the sensibility extracted to identify the characteristics of the user's sensibility which is recently being changed. In the results of analyzing the words of sensibility for the residential space preferred by the users with 48 pairs of adjectives. The user-oriented sensibility assessment tool was built by extracting 8 sensibility factors of 'cozy', 'practical' 'cheerful', 'traditional', 'unique', 'congenial', 'sensuous', and 'gorgeous' in the exploratory factor analysis. The image scale was constructed in two-dimensions of the sense of space and the type of space for the residential interior space images. The dimension of the 'sense of space' is explained by the axis of open-closed and the dimension of 'type of space, is explained by the axis of 'natural-artificial'. Such a structural model of the residential interior design attributes were divided into 8 groups. And the 42 images representing each group were selected and the user-oriented residential interior space image tool was built by adding user's selective elements.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

This paper describes an analysis of various factors affecting traffic noise propagation, including the distance from the road, existence of a direct path of noise propagation, density and height of buildings, and procedure for predicting the attenuation of noise levels from roads. The analysis is based on a multiple number of regression models, utilizing the quantification theory of the first kind. This study incorporates a large amount of survey data concerning traffic noise propagation. The survey of the traffic noise propagation around main roads was carried out in several residential areas, mainly in Kwangju. The attenuation of noise levels measured provided 691 usable data samples. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the distance from the road makes the most significant contribution to the attenuation of the noise level. The second contributor was found to be the existence of a direct path of noise propagation. The building density and average height of the buildings also affected the attenuation of the noise level considerably. Other factors, such as the height of the building behind the receiver microphone and the number of traffic lanes on the noise-source roads, did not contribute as much to the attenuation of the noise level as the factors mentioned avove.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.165-179
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to draw application elements of housing interior design according to user-oriented sensibility types. The sensibility evaluation experiments were conducted to target the general user 118 people using the sensibility evaluation tool for housing interior space. The results of the analysis were as: To produce the 'cozy' space, the colors and materials giving soft and natural feeling should be used. For the 'practical' space, type of ceiling and window that give the visually open feeling, the user-oriented furniture arrangement that allows using the space efficiently. For the 'cheerful' space, the simple and natural effects should be produced by using closed space that stable. For the 'traditional' space, the natural fishing material having rough texture should be used. For the 'unique' space, the space contained the dynamic feeling by the diagonal or vertical line and the graphic expression in the wall. For the 'congenial' emotional space, basic is the symmetric, stable and simple space. On the other hand, for the material, small size, natural texture or typical and soft materials should be used. For the 'sensuous' space, the dynamic and vertical sense of space should be expressed by the type of ceiling. The most important elements for the space of 'gorgeous' sensibility, is the color.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 1999년도 제15회 하계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.245-265
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• 1999

MAUT and AHP are widely used for quantification of subjective judgements in various fields of decision making. This study focuses on the introduction and application of MAUT/AHP method which is a hybrid of MAUT and AHP techniques in R&D project priority setting. This hybrid model can clarify each factors' contribution using MAUT method and can reduce the number of pairwise comparisons of AHP method. This study applies AMUT/AHP method to the evaluation of R&D projects in a Government - funded research institute. To evaluate R&D projects, six evaluation factors are derived. SMART(Simple MultiAttribute Rating Technique) and DVM(Difference Value Measurement ) out of many MAUT methods are used to design the utility function ad AHP is used to allocate the weights among evaluation factors. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the SMART/AHP and the DVM/AHP have the same results with the SMART and the DVM, and they are different results with AHP. It is very hard to decide which one is better. Second, MAUT/AHP's strength is analyzed. MAUT reflects utility values of evaluators to alternatives and AHP results objective and consistent weights of factors through pariwise comparisons. Third, its possible application fields are proposed. It is applicable to subjective decision making problems with high complexity and inter-independent factors.