• 지능정보연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.153-169
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• 2012

전시회는 새로운 상품이나 서비스를 현재 고객들과 미래의 잠재고객들에게 홍보하기 위해 개최하는 효과적인 마케팅 수단으로 중요하다. 기업들은 전시회에 참여를 통해 현재 고객 및 잠재고객들과 대면접촉을 함으로써 기업의 이미지 제고 및 새로운 판로를 확보할 수 있다. 이처럼 전시회의 경제적 중요성이 커짐에 따라, 전시주최자들은 참여기업 및 참관객을 유치하기 위하여 새로운 IT 기술을 전시회에 적용하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 연구자들 또한 참관객의 관람패턴을 분석하기 위하여 다양한 연구를 시도하고 있다. 최근에는 스마트 기술이 발전함으로써 전시 공간 내에서 참관객의 활동을 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 있어 온라인 전시환경처럼 오프라인 전시회를 방문한 참관객의니즈를 실시간으로 추론하여 참관객의 선호에 적합한 서비스를 제공하기 위한 부스 추천시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 새로운 기술 개발 측면에서 시스템의 성능을 개선하려는 연구는 지속적으로 진행되어 왔으나 향후 시스템의 개발 방향 및 보급 활성화에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구들이 부족한 실정이다. 부스 추천시스템은 스마트 전시환경에서 새로 도입되는 기술로 부스 추천시스템에 대한 참관객의 수용 후 재사용 의도는 TAM 관점보다는 부스 추천시스템이 참관객의 선호에 적합한 추천정보를 제공하는가에 초점을 맞출 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 기존 문헌 고찰을 통해 전시환경에서의 부스 추천시스템에 대한 참관객의 만족 및 재사용 의도에 영향을 주는 요인을 도출하여 연구모형을 설계하였다. 이를 통해 향후 스마트 전시환경에서 부스 추천시스템의 개발과 보급 전략에 있어 유용한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 2011년 11월 DMC 컬처 오픈 행사에서 부스 추천시스템을 사용한 참관객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 회귀분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 참관객의 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인은 부스 추천시스템의 효과성, 편의성, 추천품질, 의외성으로 나타났다. 또한, 부스 추천시스템에 대한 참관객의 만족은 재사용 의도 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구가 가지는 의의는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 본 연구결과를 토대로 스마트 전시환경에서 부스 추천시스템에 대한 참관객의 지속적인 서비스 이용을 유도하기 위한 전략을 수립할 때 고려해야 할 주요한 요인을 실증연구를 통해 구체화시켰다는데 의의가 있다. 또한, 스마트 전시환경에서 부스 추천시스템이 성공적으로 도입 및 활용되기 위해서는 참관객의 수용 전후 차별화된 관리가 필요함을 본 연구결과를 통해 제시하였다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.49-67
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• 1996

1970년대에 들어서 우리 나라 상업 시설의 혁신적 변화는 슈퍼마켓의 대두라고 할 수 있다. 이는 식료품을 중심으로 한 일상용품을 판매하는 소매 기구의 대규모화와 근대화를 의미하기 때문이다. 이에 따라, 소매업이 도매업의 기능을 병행하여 유통 경로를 단축시킴으로서 생산자에서 소비자에 이르기까지 변화를 초래하였다. 본 연구에서는 슈퍼마켓의 상업적 특성을 분석함에 있어, 슈퍼마켓을 경영하는 점주의 입장과 슈퍼마켓을 이용하는 소비자의 입장에서 종합적으로 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 전자의 경우 슈퍼마켓 특성을 나타내는 인자는 상업 환경적 특성, 인구적 특성, 규모적 특성, 상품 구성적 특성 등을 나타내는 4개의 인자가 추출되었다. 또한 소비자의 입장에서 슈퍼마켓 특성은 근거리에 위치한다는 점에서 높은 선호도를 나타냈다. 이를 통해 볼 때 슈퍼마켓은 지역 주민의 생활과 밀접한 관련성을 갖는 상업 시설로서 정착되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 한편, 상업 시설은 사회 제반 요소와 소비자 요구에 의해 변화를 거듭하고 있는 만큼, 슈퍼마켓의 상업적 특성 또한 재고되어져야 할 것이다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.179-198
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• 2000

Since dental prosthesis is made possible only when dental technicians give themselves to the study of knowledge and the acquisition of updated skills, continuing education is of great importance in that it makes up for the efforts of dental technicians. Accordingly, continuing education relates to a system designed to contribute to the enhancement of the talents of dental technicians and the dental health of the nation. Specialized knowledge and information may work as the best weapon to preserve their jbs. This is true of this modern society where no one can expecth to survive without acquiring knowledge and information constantly for work is getting more classified and more divirsifide. This paper is dedicated to take a look at the current condition of the continuing education of dental technicians and to come up with measure to make general evaluation and to improve continuing education. This research resorts to 609 questionnaires among 6433 copies save unfaithfully responded 34 copos with 6.431 dental technicians as the subjects enrolled in the Dental technician Association. The collected questionnaires consist of 365 dental technicians living in Seoul and of 244 ones, Which account for 11.8 percent of dental technicians enrolled in the association. Because dental technicians live more in local areas than Seoul, the generalization of this survey leaves something to be desired. I have come up with the following findings. 1. 6,431 dental technicians, or 36.3 percent of an total of 14,956 licensed dental technicians, were admitted as numbers of the Dental Tachnician Association as of October 31, 1999. In the '98 continuing education. 4,141 dental technicians among 4,711 dental technicians got relevant training, and in the '99 continuing education, 4,075 technicians, or 75.9 percent of 5,365 technicians got relevant training while 1,290 technicians or 24.2 percent, fail to get relevant training. 2. The survey has it that 38.1 percent of dental technicians are ignorant of the laws on continuing education, and that technicians staying in local communities(146 persons, or 61.6%) take more part in education than those living in the capital of Korea(159 persons, or 146%), and that the older they are, the more money they earn, the more carrer they have, the higher position they hold, the more part they take in education 3. According to the survey, those who have the experience of getting training more than three times account for 52 persons(16.8%) in Seoul and 47 persons(22.4%) in local districts(p<0.01). In terms of sanctions in relation to continuing education, 26 dental technicians(4.6%) say that they have ever gotten sanctions, and 533 dental technicians(95.4%) say that they haven't. And those who were absent from continuing education(72 technicians : 13.51%) didn't get any sanction. 4. In terms of the degree of understanding continuing education, local technicians(46.8% : 110 persons) have a higher understanding of continuing education than their countparts staying in Seoul(36.0% : 130). Continuing education is not the ultimate goal itself. It should be changed to motivate those who get education to be willing to take part in contunuing education, and to help dental technicians in a practical and specific way. And the branch societies should be developde to engage in more specialized and classified expert fields. Of course, the curriculum should be so selected that the conceptions of dental technicians may be reflected to the maximum extent, and the ultimate effores should be made to effect diversity in the ways of educational methods and to perfect the preparation of continuing education on the part of instructors. Regulations should be established in relation to continuing education with a veiew to enhancing the participation of continuing education and its effectiveness. The supervision of the Ministry of Health and Welfare is of great importance in this context. The regulation of continuing education is not administrative regulation, but the expression of national will to guarantee the medical service of the nation at highest level. Therefore, it is necessary that the Ministry of Health and Welfare should change their understanding of the needs for the continuing education of dental experts, and that the expertise of government employees in charge of continuing education should be expanded. It goes without saying that the government should suppory continuing education in a financial way so as to supply the person in charge of public welfare and control the quality of national medicine.

• 기록학연구
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• 제12호
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• pp.81-135
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• 2005

The release of administrative information has been the challenge of our age following the maturation of democratic ideology in our society. However, differences of opinion and conflict still exist between the government and private sectors regarding the issue, and it seems that the technical and policy-related insufficiencies of information and record management that actually operate the release of information are the main causes. From the perspective of records management, records or information are variable in their nature, value, and influence during their life span. The most controversial issue is the records and information in the current stage of carrying out business activities. This is because the records and information pertaining to finished business are but evidence to ascertain the past, and have only a limited relationship to the ideal of the 'democratic participation' by citizens in activities of the public sector. The current information release policies are helpless against the 'absence of information,' or incomplete records, but such weakness can be supplemented by enforcing record management policies that make obligatory the recording of all details of business activities. In addition, it is understood that the installation of 'document offices("Jaryogwan")' that can manage each organization's information and records will be an important starting point to integrate the release, management, and preservation of information and records. Nevertheless, it seems that the concept of 'release' in information release policies refers not to free use by all citizens but is limited to the 'provision' of records according to public requests, and the concept of 'confidential' refers not to treating documents with total secrecy but varies according to the particulars of each situation, making the actual practice of information release difficult. To solve such problems, it is absolutely necessary to collect the opinions of various constituents associated with the recorded information in question, and to effectively mediate the collective opinions and the information release requests coming from applicants, to carry out the business more practically. Especially crucial is the management of the process by which the nature and influence of recorded information changes, so that information which has to be confidential at first may become available for inquiry and use over time through appropriate procedures. Such processes are also part of the duties that record management, which is in charge of the entire life span of documents, must perform. All created records will be captured within a record management system, and the record creation data thus collected will be used as a guide for inquiry and usage. With 'document offices(Jaryogwan)' and 'archives' controlling the entire life span of records, the release of information will become simpler and more widespread. It is undesirable to try to control only through information release policies those records the nature of which has changed because, unlike the ones still in the early stages of their life span and can directly influence business activities, their work has finished, and they have become historical records or evidences pointing to the truth of past events. Even in the past, when there existed no formal policy regarding the release of administrative information, the access and use of archival records were permitted. A more active and expanded approach must be taken regarding the 'usage' of archival records. If the key factor regarding 'release' lies in the provision of information, the key factor regarding 'usage' lies in the quality and level of the service provided. The full-scale usage of archival records must be preceded by the release of such records, and accordingly, a thorough analysis of the nature, content, and value of the records and their changes must be implemented to guarantee the release of information before their use is requested. That must become a central task of document offices and "Today's information" will soon become "yesterday's records," and the "reality" of today will become "history" of the past. The policies of information release and record management share information records as their common objective. As they have a mutual relationship that is supplementary and leads toward perfection, the two policies must both be differentiated and integrated with each another. It is hoped that the policies and business activities of record management will soon become normalized and reformed for effective and fair release of information.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2711-2717
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• 2016

Background: Through search the possible randomized control trials, we make a renewed meta-analysis in order to assess the impact of aspirin in preventing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma. Materials and Methods: The Medicine/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese biomedical literature service system (SinoMed) databases were searched for the related randomized controlled trials until to the April 2016. Three different authors respectively evaluated the quality of studies and extracted data, and we used the STATA software to analyze, investigate heterogeneity between the data, using the fixed-effects model to calculate and merge data. Results: 7 papers were included the renewed meta-analysis, among these studies, two pairs were identified as representing the same study population, with the only difference being the duration of follow-up. Thus there were only five papers included our meta-analysis, and one Chinese paper were also included the work. Results were categorized by the length of follow-up, different kinds of people, varied dose of oral aspirin. The relative of adenoma in patients taking aspirin vs placebo were 0.73 (95% CI 0.55-0.98, P=0.039) with 1 year follow up; 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.98, P=0.484) with greater than 1 year follow up; for the advanced adenoma, the RR 0.68 (95% CI 0.49-0.94, P=0.582),for one year; RR=0.75 (95% CI 0.52-1.07, P=0.552) for greater one year. Furthermore the white population could divided into two subgroups according to the different length of follow-up time. When the length of follow-up time less than 3-year, The RR of two subgroups respective were RR=0.86 (95% CI 0.76-0.98, P=0.332), $I^2=0%$, RR=0.68 (95% CI 0.47-0.98, P=0.552), $I^2=64.6%$, But with the extension of follow-up time greater than 2-year, with the white, oral aspirin without considering dose had no efficacy on preventing the recurrence of any adenoma, the RR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.71-1.05, P=0.302), $I^2=16.4%$. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that oral aspirin is associated with a remarkable decrease in the recurrence of any adenoma and advanced adenomas in patients follow-up for 1 year without concerning the dose of aspirin, but with the extension of follow-up time for greater than 1 year, oral aspirin can be effective on preventing the recurrence of any adenoma, but for the advanced adenoma, the result indicated that oral aspirin had no efficacy, According to the inclusion of ethnic groups, we also divided relevant papers into two subgroups as the yellow and white group. Then the follow-up time was less than 3 years, oral aspirin without considering the dose, had an significant efficacy on preventing the recurrence of any adenoma. But with the follow-up greater than 2 years, oral aspirin had no effect in the white.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.59-83
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• 2012

농업은 타 산업 대비 기상환경에 큰 영향을 받는 산업이다. 기상 상태는 수시로 변화하며, 지역에 따라 서로 다른 특성을 보인다. 또한 이러한 지역적 특성은 그 지역의 농산물의 재배환경에도 영향을 주게 된다. 이러한 특성 때문에 기상이 농업에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 그동안 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 농작물의 생산에만 초점이 맞춰져, 농작물이 생산에서 유통과정에서 기상요인이 미치는 영향을 통합적으로 살펴본 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 농작물인 배추를 중심으로, 기상요인이 농산물 유통에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 배추는 우리 식탁에서 빼놓을 수 없는 식재료이면서, 기상 변화에 영향을 많이 받는 품목이다. 기상이변으로 배추의 가격이 폭등하게 되면 서민가계에 직접적으로 영향을 받게 된다. 이러한 관점에서 생산과 유통단계별로 기상요인이 배추에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 배추의 재배유형별 거래량과 거래가격에 대한 실거래 데이터와 재배시기와 판매지역에 따른 기상요인에 대한 자료를 수집하여, 배추의 도매시장 거래량과 거래가격에 영향을 미치는 기상요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 배추의 생산지 기상요인보다 판매지역 기상요인의 영향이 배추의 거래량과 거래가격에 상대적으로 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로, 향후 기상요인을 고려한 출하시기와 반입량에 대한 정책적 가이드라인을 제시하여 농산물 수급에 대한 선제적이고 체계적인 대응체제가 구축된다면, 기상변화에 민감한 농산물의 가격안정에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2004년도 제29회 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.53-55
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 병원에서 멀리 떨어진 교통사고, 낙상에 의한 두개골이나 경추, 척추등의 골절을 동반한 심각한 외상이 있거나 기흉등의 육안으로 진단하기 힘든 응급환자에 있어서는, 구급차를 이용하여 후송중이라 하더라도 방사선검사를 하여 전문의로부터 적절한 진단을 받고 응급조치를 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 응급상황에 사용할 수 있도록 CDMA 1X EVDO 방식의 통신망을 기반으로 하는 이동형 의료영상 전송장치의 프로토타입을 구현하고 성능을 평가하는 것이다. 설계된 시스템은 영상을 전송하기 위한 DICOM 영상전송 클라이언트로 노트북 컴퓨터에 CDMA 1X EVDO 방식을 지원하는 셀룰러폰을 연결하였으며, 병원에는 영상을 받기 위한 DICOM 영상수신 서버를 설치하였다. DR영상을 영상전송 클라이언트의 저장소에 저장한 후, JPEG2000형식으로 압축하여 수신서버로 전송하였다. 모든 영상은 progressive하게 전송되어지고 디스플레이에 표시되었다. 영상의 질을 평가하기 위하여 PSNR을 계산하였으며, 전송품질을 측정하기 위하여 차량의 속도에 따른 CDMA2000 1X-EVDO의 전송률 및 영상의 전송속도를 측정하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.183-201
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• 2018

The tolerance of Korean benthic macroinvertebrates to organic pollution has been analyzed since the early 1990s. However, considering the fact that there have been related studies carried out in some European countries since the early 20th century, the history of the research in Korea is very short and there is still much knowledge to supplement. We revised the saprobic valency, the saprobic value and the indicator weight value of 190 benthic macroinvertebrates taxa through the data of water quality and individual abundance collected from 7,086 sampling units in Korea from 2008 to 2014. The individual abundance of Uracanthella (Ephemeroptera) as a representative, one of the most common and abundant taxa in Korea, showed a typical lognormal distribution to 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentration, and a normal distribution to the class interval of BOD5 concentration according to saprobic series. The value combining the mean individual abundance and the relative frequency of occurrence was a more efficient indicator value than that of each property alone. Benthic Macroinertebrates Index (BMI) was newly proposed as a modification of the saprobic index of Zelinka and Marvan (1961). BMI showed extremely significant correlation (determination coefficient $r^2$ > 0.6, n = 569 sites) with the concentration of BOD5, and the coefficient was a little higher than those of the previous indices. Until now, there has been very little research on the assessment of biological integrity of benthic macroinvertebrates community in Korea. While continuing researches into improve the reliability of BMI, it is necessary to develop multimetric indices for evaluating the integrity, including the composition of species and functional guilds, and the richness and diversity of the community.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.449-469
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• 2011

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering during 2010. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Research trends of thermal and fluid engineering have been surveyed as groups of general thermal and fluid flow, fluid machinery, and new and renewable energy. Various topics were presented in the field of general thermal and fluid flow. Research issues mainly focused on the thermal reliability of axial fan and compressor in the field of fluid machinery. Studies on the design of ground source heat pump systems and solar chemical reactors were executed in the field of new and renewable energy. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included heat transfer in thermoelectric cooling/power generation systems, combined heat and power systems, carbon nano fluid with PVP, channel filled with metal foam and smoke ventilation in a rescue station of a railroad tunnel. Also the studies on flow boiling of R123/oil mixture in a plain tube bundle and R410A charge amount in an air cooled mini-channel condenser were reported. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, enthalpy exchanger, micro channel PCHE were performed. (3) Refrigeration systems with alternative refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, mixed refrigerants, and CO2 were studied. Performance improvement of refrigeration systems are tried applying various ideas of refrigerant subcooling, dual evaporator with hot gas bypass control and feedforward control. The hybrid solar systems combining the solar collection devices with absorption chillers or compression heat pumps are simulated and studied experimentally as well to improve the understanding and the feasibility for actual applications. (4) Research trend in the field of mechanical building facilities has been found to be mainly focused on field applications rather than performance improvements. Various studies on heating and cooling systems, HVAC facilities, indoor air environments and energy resources were carried to improve the maintenance and management of building service equipments. In the field of heating and cooling systems, papers on a transformer cooling system, a combined heat and power, a slab thermal storage and a heat pump were reported. In the field of HVAC facilities, papers on a cooling load, an ondol and a drying were presented. Also, studies on HVAC systems using unutilized indoor air environments and energy resources such as air curtains, bioviolence, cleanrooms, ventilation, district heating, landfill gas were studied. (5) In the field of architectural environment and energy, studies of various purposes were conducted such as indoor environment, building energy, renewable energy and green building. In particular, renewable energy and building energy-related researches have mainly been studied reflecting the global interest. In addition, many researches which related the domestic green building certification of school building were performed to improve the indoor environment of school.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.105-130
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• 2008

Consumers of e-learning market differ from those of other markets in that they are replaced in a specific time scale. For example, e-learning contents aimed at highschool senior students cannot be consumed by a specific consumer over the designated period of time. Hence e-learning service providers need to attract new groups of students every year. Due to lack of information on products designed for continuously emerging consumers, the consumers face difficulties in making rational decisions in a short time period. Increased uncertainty of product purchase leads customers to herding behaviors to obtain information of the product from others and imitate them. Taking into consideration of these features of e-learning market, this study will focus on the online herding behavior in purchasing e-learning contents. There is no definite concept for e-learning. However, it is being discussed in a wide range of perspectives from educational engineering to management to e-business etc. Based upon the existing studies, we identify two main view-points regarding e-learning. The first defines e-learning as a concept that includes existing terminologies, such as CBT (Computer Based Training), WBT (Web Based Training), and IBT (Internet Based Training). In this view, e-learning utilizes IT in order to support professors and a part of or entire education systems. In the second perspective, e-learning is defined as the usage of Internet technology to deliver diverse intelligence and achievement enhancing solutions. In other words, only the educations that are done through the Internet and network can be classified as e-learning. We take the second definition of e-learning for our working definition. The main goal of this study is to investigate what factors affect consumer intention to purchase e-learning contents and to identify the differential impact of the factors between consumers with purchase experience and those without the experience. To accomplish the goal of this study, it focuses on herding behavior and perceived usefulness as antecedents to behavioral intention. The proposed research model in the study extends the Technology Acceptance Model by adding herding behavior and usability to take into account the unique characteristics of e-learning content market and e-learning systems use, respectively. The current study also includes consumer experience with e-learning content purchase because the previous experience is believed to affect purchasing intention when consumers buy experience goods or services. Previous studies on e-learning did not consider the characteristics of e-learning contents market and the differential impact of consumer experience on the relationship between the antecedents and behavioral intention, which is the target of this study. This study employs a survey method to empirically test the proposed research model. A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to 629 informants. 528 responses were collected, which consist of potential customer group (n = 133) and experienced customer group (n = 395). The data were analyzed using PLS method, a structural equation modeling method. Overall, both herding behavior and perceived usefulness influence consumer intention to purchase e-learning contents. In detail, in the case of potential customer group, herding behavior has stronger effect on purchase intention than does perceived usefulness. However, in the case of shopping-experienced customer group, perceived usefulness has stronger effect than does herding behavior. In sum, the results of the analysis show that with regard to purchasing experience, perceived usefulness and herding behavior had differential effects upon the purchase of e-learning contents. As a follow-up analysis, the interaction effects of the number of purchase transaction and herding behavior/perceived usefulness on purchase intention were investigated. The results show that there are no interaction effects. This study contributes to the literature in a couple of ways. From a theoretical perspective, this study examined and showed evidence that the characteristics of e-learning market such as continuous renewal of consumers and thus high uncertainty and individual experiences are important factors to be considered when the purchase intention of e-learning content is studied. This study can be used as a basis for future studies on e-learning success. From a practical perspective, this study provides several important implications on what types of marketing strategies e-learning companies need to build. The bottom lines of these strategies include target group attraction, word-of-mouth management, enhancement of web site usability quality, etc. The limitations of this study are also discussed for future studies.