• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.3-13
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• 2009

90 wild Agaricus strains from China, including 44 Agaricus bisporus strains identified preliminarily by isozyme electrophoresis, were studied by the techniques of SRAP and ISSR. 18 special SRAP bands and 12 special ISSR bands were analyzed, the strains were clustered and a demdrogram was obtained. The results showed that the strains were divided into 2 groups, wild A. bisporus group and the other Agaricus group. It is similar to the result of isozyme electrophoresis. 41 wild A. bisporus strains from Sichuan and Tibet were divided into 4 groups based on their growing places, suggesting the regionally difference of the strains to be quite obvious. Some white wild A. bisporus strains from Xinjiang and Tibet had special patterns, resulting in lower coefficient values with other wild A. bisporus strains. The biological characteristics of three wild A. bisporus strains were analyzed, and the results showed: 1. The wild strains grew slowly on PDA medium with weak appressed mycelia, and grew normally in kernel or fermented cottonseed shell substrate. 2. They grew faster than control strain As2796 under lower temperature of $16^{\circ}C$, and higher temperature of $32^{\circ}C$, with optimum growing temperature of $20-24^{\circ}C$, which was $4^{\circ}C$ lower than that of control strain. 3. In the cultivation with manure compost via twice fermentation, the mycelia grew normally in compost and quite slowly in casing soil, and the fruitbodies occurred less and late with easily opening and low production. 4. The fruitbody was off-white with flat and scaled cap, long stipe and dark gill. The bisporus basidia occupied 70-80% and trisporus basidia 20-30% of the total basidia. 5. Heterokaryotic monospore isolates could fruit in cultivation, and the homokaryotic isolates could cross with those derived from overseas wild A.bisporus strains. 6. The electrophoresis phenotype of isozymes such as esterase etc. belonged to high production type (H type). 7. The RAPD patterns made much difference from those of high production, good quality or hybrid strains, which indicated that the wild strains produce a new kind of RAPD type.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of bacterial pollution levels and the relationship between bacterial pollutants and environmental parameters at the main stream and tributaries of Nakdong River. Water quality data including total coliform and fecal coliform were compiled from a total of 50 monitoring sites (30 at the main stream and 20 at the tributaries) along with rainfall and discharge data for three consecutive years from 2012 to 2014. During the study periods, the geometric mean values of total coliforms and fecal coliforms in the main stream were 74 (22~465) CFU/100 mL and 8 (3~42) CFU/100 mL, respectively. The geometric mean values of total coliforms and fecal coliforms in the tributaries were 275 (36~5,145) CFU/100 mL and 6 (1~1,352) CFU/100 mL, respectively. High concentrations of fecal coliforms were observed at Gumi (M 10), Hyeonpung (M 19), Hapcheon (M 23), and Namji (M 25) in the main stream, whereas Gamcheon (T 6), Bakcheon (T 7), Geumho-gang (T 8), and Gyeseongcheon (T 16) were identified as pollution hot spots in the tributaries. Although bacterial pollution levels showed complex behavior across monitoring sites and time, the highest coliform concentrations were routinely observed in the monsoon season between July and September of each year, indicating that the pollution levels were strongly dependent on precipitation in addition to other physiochemical parameters. Statistically significant correlations were found between fecal coliform concentrations and precipitation (r=0.403, p<0.01), followed by SS (r=0.425, p<0.01), nutrient TP (r=0.388, p<0.01), organic matter COD (r=0.322, p<0.01), and PO₄-P (r=0.317, p<0.01) in the main stream in the order of correlation coefficient from high to low.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 1998

양파의 연작재배시(連作栽培時) 질소비종(窒素肥種)(요소, 유안)과 가리비종(加里肥種)(염화가리, 황산가리), 그리고 토양개량제(土壤改良劑)(석회)시용시 양분흡수량(養分吸收量)과 생육 그리고 수량성을 검토하고자 전남 무안군의 용계통(龍溪統)에서 천주황을 공시품종으로 하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 식물체중(植物體中) N P K 흡수량(及收量)은 요소 및 염화가리시용구보다 토양진단시비(土壤診斷施肥)에 의해 유안과 황산가리 혼합시용(混合施用)으로 흡수량이 높았다. 토양중(土壤中) 황함량(黃含量)은 수확기(收穫期)보다는 생육중기(生育中期)에, 식물체중(植物體中) 황함량(黃含量)은 수확기(收穫期)에 가장 높았으며 구중(球中)보다는 경엽(莖葉)에서 높았다. 양파구중(球中) 당도(糖度)는 7.43~8.23 Brix로 차이가 있었으며 구(球)의 크기별로는 소구(小球)보다는 대구(大球)에서 높았다. 토양진단시비(土壤診斷施肥)에 의한 유안과 황산가리 혼용시용(混用施用)으로 건물중(乾物重)의 증가 및 구(球)의 상품율(上品率)이 높아 관행에 비해 2~6% 증수되었다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to explore recognition of accreditation for nursing education, job satisfaction and intention to change teaching area for faculty in Fundamentals of Nursing. Methods: Participants were 104 faculty members teaching Fundamentals of Nursing. Each participant responded to a questionnaire. Data were collected from June 25 to October 25, 2016, and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The participants' recognition of accreditation in nursing education was $3.45{\pm}0.81$ out of 5 and in the sub-items, the score for quality improvement in professors in Fundamentals of Nursing was lowest at $3.21{\pm}1.03$. Job satisfaction was $3.30{\pm}5.30$, and intention to change teaching area was $2.62{\pm}1.00$. Attributes related to practice appear to be major reasons why participants intended to change their teaching area and scores for intention to change teaching area were medium or higher. Conclusion: Results indicate that it is necessary to develop strategies to improve job satisfaction and reduce intention to change teaching area for faculty with less experience in Fundamentals of Nursing education. Development of strategies, management and support are needed to improve young professors' job satisfaction and reduce intention to change teaching area.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.432-441
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• 2014

2005년 4월부터 2013년 10월까지 가평천 상류역 어류군집의 장기적인 변화를 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 어종은 총 6과 17종 이었으며, 우점종은 Zacco koreanus(상대풍부도 59.9%), 아우점종은 Pungtungia herzi(8.5%)이었다. 한국고유종은 Coreoleuciscus splendidus외 12종으로 확인되었다. 법적보호종은 멸종위기야생생물 II급인 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa와 Gobiobotia brevibarba 등 2종으로 조사되었으며, 천연기념물은 Hemibarbus mylodon 1종이었다. 가평천의 수질등급은 최근 9년간 환경부 기준고시에 의거할 때 '매우좋음' 등급을 유지하고 있었다. 육식어종인 Coreoperca herzi의 개체수는 감소하고, 잡식어종인 Zacco platypus는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 군집분석 결과 우점도지수는 0.58~0.86, 다양도지수는 0.94~1.77, 풍부도지수는 0.99~2.39의 범위로 나타났다. Rarefaction curve를 이용하여 연도별 기대 출현종수를 분석한 결과 151개체의 표본에서 예상되는 종은 최대 12종(2005), 최소 5종(2007)으로 나타났다. 가평천 상류역의 Z. koreanus 개체군을 대상으로 전장-체중 상관관계를 분석한 결과 회귀계수 b값은 연평균 $3.29{\pm}1.11$, 비만도는 $0.0034{\pm}0.0021$로 안정적인 개체군과 양호한 생육상태를 유지하고 있었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

본 연구는 사포닌과 아미노산 함유비료를 크리핑벤트그래스에 관주시비하여 잔디생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 복합비료를 대신하여 잔디관리에 이용할 수 있는지 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 엽색지수, 엽록소지수, 건물중, 잔디밀도, 뿌리길이 및 잔디의 양분함유량을 조사하여 생육을 평가하였다. 시험 전후 토양분석결과, 처리구에 따른 토양화학성의 변화는 나타나지 않아 SLF와 ALF의 시비가 골프코스의 토양화학성의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 벤트그라스의 엽색지수와, 엽록소지수는 2SLF와 2ALF에서는 엽색지수와 엽록소지수가 CF와 비슷하거나 약간 높았고, 잔디밀도와 뿌리길이는 2SLF, ALF 및 2ALF에서 CF보다 높았다. 건물중과 잔디 중 질소와 칼리함량은 2ALF 처리구에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 잔디품질은 뿌리길이, 잔디밀도, 건물중 및 질소와 칼륨함량에 대해 고도의 상관성을 보였고(P<0.05), 잔디에 함유된 질소는 잔디밀도, 뿌리길이 및 건물중과 같은 잔디생육과 높은 상관성을 보였으며(P<0.05), 잔디에 함유된 칼륨은 잔디밀도와 건물중에서 높은 상관성을 보였다(P<0.05). 이러한 결과를 통해 기능성물질이 함유된 비료는 복합비료를 대신하여 잔디관리에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었고, 기능성액상비료의 관주시비 시 질소와 칼륨이 잔디에 흡수되어 잔디 지상부 및 지하부생장과 밀도를 증가시킴으로써 잔디품질을 향상시키는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the basic data for qualitative improvement of emergency care for emergency patient by paramedic in fire station by understanding the level of awareness and practice in prehospital and transfer step, and understanding the level of emergency care and improvement of clinical knowledge through hospital clinical training. Methods: The researchers explained the objective for 143 persons who completed hospital clinical training from June 2nd, 2006 to October 23rd, 2009 among paramedic in fire station. The questionnaire in this research consisted of 80 questions. In the reliability for the awareness of emergency patient assessment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.95, and in the reliability for emergency care fulfillment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.93. reliability for clinical knowledge improvement is cronbach's $\alpha=.95$, and reliability for emergency care fulfillment is cronbach's $\alpha=.82$. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS 18.0 statistics program for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Paired t-test, t-test, Correlation Coefficient, and internal consistency reliability was analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$. Results: 1) The paramedic awareness and practice difference for emergency patient is statistically signification for general patient assessment(t=14.159, p=.000), trauma patient assessment(t=11.288, p=.000), internal medicine patient assessment(t=10.898, p=.000), and it shows the level of practice is lower than the level of awareness. 2) The paramedic difference between the level of awareness and practice according to whether or not they have clinical career is not signification on awareness(t=3.119, p=.125), and is high on practice(t=3.119, p=.002). 3) The correlation between paramedic awareness and the level of practice shows positive correlation(r=.61, p=.000). The higher the awareness of emergency patient assessment is, the higher the level of practice is. 4) The difference between paramedic clinical knowledge improvement and the level of emergency care practice is statistically significant(t=3.351, p=.001). 5) 89.6%(128 persons) of paramedic replied hospital clinical training experiences are helpful for field activity. 92.3%(133 persons) replied they apply well for clinical knowledge learned during hospital clinical training and emergency care skills in the field. Conclusion: Paramedic in fire station must evaluate the patient's initial assessment and activate the transfer system to the emergency department. It is necessary to develop and implement the effective education program continuously. The education program should systemize currently operated hospital clinical training. emergency disease and symptoms emergency care method, and practice mainly skill education should be progressed. In the prehospital and transfer management, high quality of medical assessment is required to the emergency medical service system. Medical direction from the doctors can feedback the paramedic continuously and continuing education must be provided to the paramedic in fire station.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to estimate air quality trends in the study area by surveying monthly and seasonal concentration trends. To do this, the mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ samples and the metals, ions, and total carbon in the $PM_{10}$ were analyzed. The mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $33.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The composition of $PM_{10}$ was 39.2% ionic species, 5.1% metallic species, and 26.6% carbonic species (EC and OC). Ionic species, especially sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, were the most abundant in the $PM_{10}$ and had a high correlation coefficient with $PM_{10}$. Seasonal variation of $PM_{10}$ showed a similar pattern to those of ionic and metallic species. with high concentration during the winter and spring seasons. $PM_{10}$ showed high correlation with the ionic species $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$. In addition, $NH_4{^+}$ was highly correlated with $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$. We obtained four factors through factor analysis and determined the pollution sources using the United States Environmental Protection Agency(U.S. EPA) pollution profile. The first factor accounted for 51.1% of $PM_{10}$ from complex sources, that is, soil, motor vehicles, and secondary particles: the second factor indicated marine sources; the third factor, industry-related sources; and the last factor, heating-related sources. However, the pollution profile used in this study may be somewhat different from the actual situation in Korea because it was from US EPA. Therefore, to more accurately estimate the pollutants present, it is necessary to create a pollution profile for Korea.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.598-603
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• 2002

(M $g_{0.93}$C $a_{0.07}$)Ti $O_3$마이크로파 유전체 세라믹스에 alumine borosilicate계 유리를 5~30wt% 첨가하여 저온소결 특성과 마이크로파 유전 특성을 조사하였다. (M $g_{0.93}$C $a_{0.07}$)Ti $O_3$에 alumine borosilicate계 유리를 첨가함으로서 소결온도를 135$0^{\circ}C$에서 95$0^{\circ}C$로 낮추었으며, 유리의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 소결밀도의 증가 및 입성장이 뚜렷이 나타났고 20~30wt%의 유리가 첨가된 영역에서는 95%의 상대밀도를 갖는 소결체를 얻을 수 있었다. (M $g_{0.93}$C $a_{0.07}$)Ti $O_3$에 20wt%의 alumino boiosilicate계 유리를 첨가함으로서 95$0^{\circ}C$에서 유전율($\varepsilon$$_{r}$)은 15~16, 품질계수(Q$\times$f)는 8000이었으며, 이때 공진주파수의 온도 계수($ au$$_{cf}$ )는 -45 ppm/$^{\circ}C$을 나타내었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2012

AlGaN는 3.4~6.2 eV까지 넓은 밴드갭을 가지는 직접천이형 반도체이다. 최근에 자외영역의 광소자가 다양하게 응용되면서 자외선 발광이 가능한 AlGaN 역시 주목받고 있다. 이를 위해서는 고품질의 AlGaN 층이 필요하지만 GaN 층위에 AlGaN 층을 성장하는 것은 이들의 격자상수와 열팽창계수 차이로 인해 어렵다. 본 논문에서, multi-sliding boat법이 적용된 혼합소스 HVPE법을 이용하여 GaN template 위에 LED 구조를 성장하였다. 활성층의 Al 조성을 조절함으로써 AlGaN의 격자상수 변화와 광학적 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 에피 성장을 위해 HCl과 $NH_3$ 가스를 혼합소스 표면으로 흘려주었고, 수송가스로는 $N_2$를 사용하였다. 소스영역과 성장영역의 온도는 각각 900과 $1090^{\circ}C$로 안정화하였다. 성장 후 샘플은 x-ray diffraction(XRD)과 electro luminescence(EL) 측정을 하였다.