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http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2018.27.4.241

Characteristics of PM10 in Gwangju Using Factor Analysis  

Lee, Se-Haeng (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
Seo, Gwang-yeop (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
Yoon, Sang-Hoon (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
Yang, Yoon-Cheol (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
Kim, Sun-Jung (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
Cho, Young-gwan (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
Bae, Seok-Jin (Gwanju Metropolitan Health & Environment Research Institute Department of Environmental Engineering)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Science International / v.27, no.4, 2018 , pp. 241-250 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate air quality trends in the study area by surveying monthly and seasonal concentration trends. To do this, the mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ samples and the metals, ions, and total carbon in the $PM_{10}$ were analyzed. The mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $33.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The composition of $PM_{10}$ was 39.2% ionic species, 5.1% metallic species, and 26.6% carbonic species (EC and OC). Ionic species, especially sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, were the most abundant in the $PM_{10}$ and had a high correlation coefficient with $PM_{10}$. Seasonal variation of $PM_{10}$ showed a similar pattern to those of ionic and metallic species. with high concentration during the winter and spring seasons. $PM_{10}$ showed high correlation with the ionic species $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$. In addition, $NH_4{^+}$ was highly correlated with $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$. We obtained four factors through factor analysis and determined the pollution sources using the United States Environmental Protection Agency(U.S. EPA) pollution profile. The first factor accounted for 51.1% of $PM_{10}$ from complex sources, that is, soil, motor vehicles, and secondary particles: the second factor indicated marine sources; the third factor, industry-related sources; and the last factor, heating-related sources. However, the pollution profile used in this study may be somewhat different from the actual situation in Korea because it was from US EPA. Therefore, to more accurately estimate the pollutants present, it is necessary to create a pollution profile for Korea.
Keywords
$PM_{10}$; Ionic species; Metallic species; Factor analysis; Pollution profile;
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