• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.134-150
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was for analyzing the research about international marriage immigrant women and a trial to find the right direction for future research. Methods: Sixty articles published from June, 2004 to June, 2009 were reviewed and analyzed according to the general characteristics, major of author, and theme of health domains. Results: Most of them were master's thesis(71.7%) and journals(21.7%) and doctoral dissertation(6.7%) have been published mostly after thesis. Among 83.3% for quantitative research, descriptive(33.3%) and descriptive correlation(41.7%) methods were the most used and there were some qualitative researches(16.7%). The most frequently used data gathering method was questionnaire(81.7%) and the next was interview(16.7%). The major rates of the author were 61.7% for social welfare and 2.1% for nursing. The investigated variables in social health domain were adaptation(28.3%), and communication(1.7%). In psychological health domain, marriage satisfaction(16.7%), life satisfaction(11.7%), and depression(10.0%) were most researched. Utilization of medical center(5.0%) and health promotion behavior(1.7%) were investigated in physical health domain. Conclusions: Above this, most articles were researched about the adaptation of international marriage immigrant women. But the life in foreign countries can cause physical and psychosocial unhealthy conditions, so many-sided health related researches are supposed to be conducted for adaptation and prevention health problems of international marriage immigrant women.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Purpose: A various find of radiotherapy treatment plans have been made to determine appropriate doses for breasts, chest walls and loco-regional lymphatics in the radiotherapy of breast cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimum radiotherapy plan technique method by analyzing dose distributions qualitatively and quantitatively. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the optimum breast cancer radiotherapy plan technique, the traditional method(two dimensional method) and computed tomography image are adopted to get breast volume, and they are compared with the three-dimensional conformal radiography (3DCRT) and the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). For this, the regions of interest (ROI) such as breasts, chest walls, loco-regional lymphatics and lungs were marked on the humanoid phantom, and the computed tomography(Volume, Siemens, USA) was conducted. Using the computed tomography image obtained, radiotherapy treatment plans (XiO 5.2.1, FOCUS, USA) were made and compared with the traditional methods by applying 3DCRT and IMRT. The comparison and analysis were made by analyzing and conducting radiation dose distribution and dose-volume histogram (DVH) based upon radiotherapy techniques (2D, 3DCRT, IMRT) and point doses for the regions of interest. Again, treatment efficiency was evaluated based upon time-labor. Results: It was found that the case of using 3DCRT plan techniques by getting breast volume is more useful than the traditional methods in terms of tumor delineation, beam direction and confirmation of field boundary. Conclusion: It was possible to present the optimum radiotherapy plan techniques through qualitative and quantitative analyses based upon radiotherapy plan techniques in case of breast cancer radiotherapy. However, further studies are required for the problems with patient setup reproducibility arising from the difficulties of planning target volume (PVT) and breast immobilization in case of three-dimensional radiotherapy planning.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.355-366
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• 2007

The human's emotion has been used as a key factor in the design area and a marketing technique in a company. Therefore, a company is very interesting in human' emotional factor for the marketing and the design development recently. There have been very few studies carried out on enhancing how to use the emotional design and the emotional marketing in the kitchenware industry. Besides, almost all of the research works, which attempted to encourage how to use emotional factor for the design and the marketing, was carried out in the theory research level rather than a practical research. This research has been conducted both a qualitative research and a quantitative research in the field. The research methods were as follows; first, this research studied what is the emotional design and the emotional marketing through the previous literature research works. second, the researchers set up the hypothesis and research aims through the previous empirical research works from the researchers who are doing this research. Third, as the main body of this research, this research was conducted through the analysis of companies' data, the data come from the interviews by managers, and the data from questionnaire by the users. The results was produced after analyses of the above all the data. As a results, this research has introduced the successful case study which used the emotional design concept and the emotional marketing as a strategic level in the kitchenware industry. This research results would be able to help some one who wants to use the emotional design as a strategic level in order to increase their market share.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.91-102
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to perform the consumer typological study of integrated emerging digital advertisement, where IT and advertisement industry were fused, and to propose the theoretical definition about consumer characteristic which is in need for collection of related market subdivision strategy in perspective of business marketing. For this, the Q methodology, the 'subjectivity' research of qualitative perspective, which discovers new theory by interpreting subjective system of thinking, preference, opinion, and recognition of inner side of respondents, was applied and analyzed. Compared to previous quantitative research that pursues hypothesis verification, this Q methodology is not dependent on operational definition proposed by researcher but pursues for analytic study completely reflecting objective testimony of respondents. For this reason, Q study analyzes in-depth the actual consumer type, which can be found at the initial market formation stage of new service, therefore this study is applicable for theorizing the consumer character as a mean of advanced research. This study extracted thirty 'IT integrated digital advertisement type (Q sample)' from thorough literature research and interviews, and eventually discovered a total four consumer types from analyzing each Q sorting research data of 40 respondents (P sample). Moreover, by interpreting subdivided intrinsic characteristic of each group, the four types were named as 'multi-channel digital advertisement pursuit type', 'emotional advertisement pursuit type', 'new media advertisement pursuit type', and Web 2.0 advertisement pursuit type'. The analysis result of this study is being expected for its value of usage as advanced research of academic and industrial research with the emerging digital advertisement industry as a subject, and as basic research in the field of R&D, Marketing program and the field of designing the advertisement creative strategy and related policy.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2014

Keeping in line with the recent changes in the information technology environment, the online learning environment that supports multiple users' participation such as MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) has become important. One of the largest professional associations in Information Technology, IEEE Computer Society, announced that "Supporting New Learning Styles" is a crucial trend in 2014. Popular MOOC services, CourseRa and edX, have continued to build active learning environment with a large number of lectures accessible anywhere using smart devices, and have been used by an increasing number of users. In addition, collaborative web services (e.g., blogs and Wikipedia) also support the creation of various user-uploaded learning materials, resulting in a vast amount of new lectures and learning materials being created every day in the online space. However, it is difficult for an online educational system to keep a learner' motivation as learning occurs remotely, with limited capability to share knowledge among the learners. Thus, it is essential to understand which materials are needed for each learner and how to motivate learners to actively participate in online learning system. To overcome these issues, leveraging the constructivism theory and collective intelligence, we have developed a social bookmarking system called WeStudy, which supports learning material sharing among the users and provides personalized learning material recommendations. Constructivism theory argues that knowledge is being constructed while learners interact with the world. Collective intelligence can be separated into two types: (1) collaborative collective intelligence, which can be built on the basis of direct collaboration among the participants (e.g., Wikipedia), and (2) integrative collective intelligence, which produces new forms of knowledge by combining independent and distributed information through highly advanced technologies and algorithms (e.g., Google PageRank, Recommender systems). Recommender system, one of the examples of integrative collective intelligence, is to utilize online activities of the users and recommend what users may be interested in. Our system included both collaborative collective intelligence functions and integrative collective intelligence functions. We analyzed well-known Web services based on collective intelligence such as Wikipedia, Slideshare, and Videolectures to identify main design factors that support collective intelligence. Based on this analysis, in addition to sharing online resources through social bookmarking, we selected three essential functions for our system: 1) multimodal visualization of learning materials through two forms (e.g., list and graph), 2) personalized recommendation of learning materials, and 3) explicit designation of learners of their interest. After developing web-based WeStudy system, we conducted usability testing through the heuristic evaluation method that included seven heuristic indices: features and functionality, cognitive page, navigation, search and filtering, control and feedback, forms, context and text. We recruited 10 experts who majored in Human Computer Interaction and worked in the same field, and requested both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the system. The evaluation results show that, relative to the other functions evaluated, the list/graph page produced higher scores on all indices except for contexts & text. In case of contexts & text, learning material page produced the best score, compared with the other functions. In general, the explicit designation of learners of their interests, one of the distinctive functions, received lower scores on all usability indices because of its unfamiliar functionality to the users. In summary, the evaluation results show that our system has achieved high usability with good performance with some minor issues, which need to be fully addressed before the public release of the system to large-scale users. The study findings provide practical guidelines for the design and development of various systems that utilize collective intelligence.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.163-179
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• 2010

Recentlythe concept of fast fashion is drawing attention as customer needs are diversified and supply lead time is getting shorter in fashion industry. It is emphasized as one of the critical success factors in the fashion industry how quickly and efficiently to satisfy the customer needs as the competition has intensified. Because the fast fashion is inherently susceptible to trend, it is very important for fashion retailers to make quick decisions regarding items to launch, quantity based on demand prediction, and the time to respond. Also the planning decisions must be executed through the business processes of procurement, production, and logistics in real time. In order to adapt to this trend, the fashion industry urgently needs supports from intelligent quick response(QR) system. However, the traditional functions of QR systems have not been able to completely satisfy such demands of the fast fashion industry. This paper proposes an intelligent quick response system for the fast fashion(IQRS-FF). Presented are models for QR process, QR principles and execution, and QR quantity and timing computation. IQRS-FF models support the decision makers by providing useful information with automated and rule-based algorithms. If the predefined conditions of a rule are satisfied, the actions defined in the rule are automatically taken or informed to the decision makers. In IQRS-FF, QRdecisions are made in two stages: pre-season and in-season. In pre-season, firstly master demand prediction is performed based on the macro level analysis such as local and global economy, fashion trends and competitors. The prediction proceeds to the master production and procurement planning. Checking availability and delivery of materials for production, decision makers must make reservations or request procurements. For the outsourcing materials, they must check the availability and capacity of partners. By the master plans, the performance of the QR during the in-season is greatly enhanced and the decision to select the QR items is made fully considering the availability of materials in warehouse as well as partners' capacity. During in-season, the decision makers must find the right time to QR as the actual sales occur in stores. Then they are to decide items to QRbased not only on the qualitative criteria such as opinions from sales persons but also on the quantitative criteria such as sales volume, the recent sales trend, inventory level, the remaining period, the forecast for the remaining period, and competitors' performance. To calculate QR quantity in IQRS-FF, two calculation methods are designed: QR Index based calculation and attribute similarity based calculation using demographic cluster. In the early period of a new season, the attribute similarity based QR amount calculation is better used because there are not enough historical sales data. By analyzing sales trends of the categories or items that have similar attributes, QR quantity can be computed. On the other hand, in case of having enough information to analyze the sales trends or forecasting, the QR Index based calculation method can be used. Having defined the models for decision making for QR, we design KPIs(Key Performance Indicators) to test the reliability of the models in critical decision makings: the difference of sales volumebetween QR items and non-QR items; the accuracy rate of QR the lead-time spent on QR decision-making. To verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed models, a case study has been performed for a representative fashion company which recently developed and launched the IQRS-FF. The case study shows that the average sales rateof QR items increased by 15%, the differences in sales rate between QR items and non-QR items increased by 10%, the QR accuracy was 70%, the lead time for QR dramatically decreased from 120 hours to 8 hours.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to find out suitable extraction time of available fragrant component in Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' based on qualitative and quantitative variation of its fragrant component in its flowering stages. The content of essential oil in its flowering stages increased with the progress of flowering stages except flower bud stage and it had the most oil content in its stage after full bloom. The analysis of the essential oil in Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' in its flowering stages shows that its main constituents were farnesol (18.96%), benzyl salicylate (13.81%), butyl-hydroxy toluene (12.87%), geranyl linalool isomer (7.46%), isoeugenol (7.17%) in its each stage. Benzenoids had much content at half bloom stage and full bloom stage while fatty acid derivatives had much content at initial flowering stage and after flowering stage. Most benzenoids such as butyl-hydroxy toluene and isoeugenol, which are some of main constituents of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' had strong antioxidant effect. So they were expected to be used as antioxidant agents for food, feed, vegetable oil. The content of monoterpene compounds like geranyl linalool isomer increased at its later stage. Sesquiterpene such as farnesol, which is main component of lily existed only at full bloom stage. Therefore farnesol and geranyl linalool isomer of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' are expected to be used for important spices with good fragrance. The suitable extraction time for the usable main constituents of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' is as follows; farnesol and benzyl salicylate: at full bloom stage, butyl-hydroxy toluene: at half bloom stage, geranyl linalool isomer and isoeugenol: at stage after full bloom. Finally there was variation in essential oil components and contents of Lilium Oriental Hybrida 'Casa Blanca' in its flowering stages and they are expected to be used usefully for flavor industry, food industry, aromatherapy, when they are extracted at their suitable extraction time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1245-1250
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• 2006

This study was carried out to develop the method of preparing lecithin-fortified ginseng extract. Firstly, soybean lecithin was mixed with soybean oil (LCS) in varying ratio (2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20%). Then, one part volume of LCS was mixed with three parts volume of ginseng extract with 10% solid matter content and the mixture was vortexed vigorously. Finally, the mixture was spinned at the speed of 3,000 rpm for 30 minutes to separate oil and aqueous ginseng extract layer (AG). AG was then subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of phospholipids and ginsenosides. Fatty acid composition and crude fat content before and after LCS was determined. Stability of lecithin in ginseng extract was determined by analyzing phospholipid content in the one third upper and lower layer of the concentrated AG in Falcon tubes while storing the LCS treated concentrated AG in 4, 25 and 40oC for 6 months. Ratio of lecithin transferred to AG increased with the increase in lecithin content of soybean oil. There was no significant change in fatty acid composition and crude fat content, and ginsenoside content in the ginseng extract before and after LCS treatment. TLC and HPLC pattern of saponin fraction before and after treating the ginseng extract with LCS demonstrated no observable difference. There was no change in lecithin content in the upper and lower one third layer of ginseng extract in the tubes after storing the concentrated AG in 4, 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 months. Ginsenosides HPLC pattern was not changed when stored the LCS-treated ginseng extract in those conditions for six months, indicating satisfiable stability of the LCS-treated concentrated ginseng extract. From these results, it can be concluded that treatment of the ginseng extract with lecithin containing soybean oil is a labor effective method with satisfiable stability to fortify lecithins to ginseng extract.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

The classification scheme of estuaries can be divided into two categories: qualitative classification based on geomorphic characteristics and quantitative classification based upon the physical properties of water body. While simple and intuitive scheme of the former is difficult to quantify, the latter is not easy to apply due to the lack of data. A classification scheme based on morphological convergence is very promising because it only requires easily accessible data such as width and depth of channels, as well as it can characterize estuaries in terms of tidal propagation. Thus, this paper examines the classification scheme based on estuarine morphological convergence using depth and width data obtained from 19 major Korean estuaries. Morphological convergence for each estuary was estimated with the estuarine length, width and depth data to get the convergence parameters, which includes the degree of funneling ${\nu}$ and the dimensionless estuarine length $y_0$. The transfer function ${\xi}({\nu},ky)$ is then deduced analytically from 1D depth-integrated hydrodynamic momentum equation and continuity equation for estuarine shapes. Tidal response of each estuary is finally calculated using ${\nu}$, $y_0$ and ${\xi}({\nu},ky)$ for comparison and classification. The 19 Korean estuaries were classified into three groups: tidal amplitude-dominated estuaries with standing wave-like tidal response (group 1), current-dominated estuaries with progressive wave-like tidal response (group 2), and the intermediate group (group 3) between groups 1 and 2. The sensitivity analysis revealed that uncertainties in determining the estuarine length can have a critical effect upon the results of classification, which indicates that the reasonable determination of the estuarine length is of critical importance. Once the estuarine length is feasibly determined, depth-convergence can be neglected without any negative effect on the classification scheme, which has an important ramification on the wide applicability of the classification scheme.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to increase awareness and interest regarding polar science and thereby aid in establishing the concept and future direction of polar literacy. To analyze the current status, textbooks based on the common school curriculum pertaining to polar topics were reviewed. Six countries that actively conduct polar science, namely Korea, France, Japan, Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom, were chosen. Subsequently, 402 cases in 110 science and social studies (geography) textbooks of these countries were analyzed through both quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the obtained results, the importance of polar research in geoscience education and the need for spreading awareness regarding polar research as an indicator of global environmental changes were examined. It was found that the primary polar topics described in the textbooks are polar glaciers, polar volcanism, solid geophysics, polar infrastructure, and preservation of geological resources and heritage. This demonstrates that the polar region is a field of research with important clues to Earth's past, present, and future environments and is also a good teaching subject for geological education. However, an educational approach is needed for systematically laying emphasis on polar research. The implications of this study are manifold, such as the establishment of a cooperative system between polar scientists and educators, extraction of core concepts for polar literacy and content reconstruction, discovery of new polar topics associated with the curriculum, diversification of forms of presentation in textbooks, and development of an affective image that is based on correct cognitive understanding. Furthermore, through the continuance of polar topics in textbooks, students can improve their awareness regarding polar literacy and polar science culture, which in turn will serve as the driving force for sustainable polar research in the future.