• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.428-432
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated that consumers could differentiate between levels of claims and clarify how a visual aid influences consumer understanding of the different claim levels. We interviewed 2,000 consumers in 13 shopping malls on their perception of and confidence in different levels of health claims using seven point scales. The average confidence scores given by participants were 4.17 for the probable level and 4.07 for the possible level; the score for the probable level was significantly higher than that for the possible level (P < 0.05). Scores for confidence in claims after reading labels with and without a visual aid were 5.27 and 4.43, respectively; the score for labeling with a visual aid was significantly higher than for labeling without a visual aid (P < 0.01). Our results provide compelling evidence that providing health claims with qualifying language differentiating levels of scientific evidence can help consumers understand the strength of scientific evidence behind those claims. Moreover, when a visual aid was included, consumers perceived the scientific levels more clearly and had greater confidence in their meanings than when a visual aid was not included. Although this result suggests that consumers react differently to different claim levels, it is not yet clear whether consumers understand the variations in the degree of scientific support.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제36호
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• pp.85-104
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• 2009

본 연구는 "논어(論語)"라는 커뮤니케이션 텍스트에서 커뮤니케이터, 수용자, 메시지 등 세 가지 커뮤니케이션 요소를 축으로 하여, 커뮤니케이션 속성의 근거를 찾고자 한 것이다. 여기에는 기존 논어 관련 커뮤니케이션학적 연구의 한계 극복과 학제간 연구의 당위성 및 필요성 제고 의도 또한 포함되고 있다. "논어"가 커뮤니케이션 텍스트인 이유는 문답이라는 인간의 대표적인 커뮤니케이션 방식 사용, 학문 정치 도덕 등과 같은 생활세계의 커뮤니케이션 현상이라는 콘텐츠 특성, 후세에 끼친 영향력이 매우 크기 때문이다. 기존 논어 관련 커뮤니케이션 학적 연구의 문제들은 연구 대상과 연구틀 간 학문적 정합성 논의가 미흡하고, 시론적 속성 기축성(基軸性) 배제 등이 있다. 때문에 본 연구방식을 사용하면 특정 주제 중심의 텍스트 발췌 및 그 재해석을 통해 해결 가능할 것이다. "논어"속에서의 커뮤니케이션 속성은 신실한 윤리성과 논리 및 실천력 등 커뮤니케이터의 요건이 있고, 그리고 이를 토대로 한 도덕적 인간의 이상형으로서 군자(君子) 등이 있다. 또한 어떠한 상황에서도 적절한 메시지 구사 능력 및 선별 판단 능력 그리고 상호 커뮤니케이션 상황의 주도력 등과 같은 수용자 필요조건, 윤리와 이치에 맞으면서 반드시 실천되어야 하는 커뮤니케이션 윤리 실천의 객체인 메시지의 덕목 등이 있다.

• 한국어교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.169-201
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to analyze the problems of the way of the 32th TOPIK(advanced)'s management for the disabled examinee and to prescribe the management of the TOPIK for them. Since the TOPIK started in 1997, the number of examinee who take it as a qualifying exam for the university entrance have gradually increased. The first disabled examinee who wants to use the result of the TOPIK for entrance into the post graduated university took the 32th TOPIK(advanced level). However, there was no examination regulations and detailed management method for the disabled. The biggest problem was the examinee could not have braille test and answer. The exam supervisor read all that is printed on the test sheet. It caused two big problems. 1) The essay question in writing test became an oral test. 2) The strategies of answering to multiple choice questions could not be used in vocabulary/grammar, writing, listening, and specially reading section. The first problem is occurred because writing and speaking have different cognitive process. The second one can be strongly related to the result in reading section. Above all, these disrupt accurate assessment of the examinee's writing and reading achievement. Therefore, this research insists the TOPIK needs to have the regulation and prescribe the management for the disabled. This research suggests 5 regulations for the blind examinee which covers the test time, supervisor, place and request of the examinee. These refer to the regulation for the disable in the other tests, such as the college scholarship ability test, TOEFL, TEPS, and a civil service exam.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

ChatGPT는 2022년 하반기 상업적 서비스 시작 이후에 미국 변호사 자격시험과 의사 자격시험을 포함한 전문직 시험에서 성공적인 결과를 보였고, 전문직 영역에서 주관식 시험의 통과 능력을 입증하였으나, 교육 분야의 영역에서는 ChatGPT의 논리적 추론과 문제 풀이 등 학업 능력의 평가에 대해서도 새로운 실험과 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 한국 대학수학능력 시험 문제의 국어, 영어, 수학 세 주요 교과목을 활용하여 ChatGPT의 학업 능력을 평가하였다. 실험 결과에서는 ChatGPT는 영어 영역에서는 상대적으로 높은 69%의 정답률을 보이지만, 국어와 수학 영역에서는 각각 34%와 19%의 비교적 낮은 정답률을 기록하였다. 문장의 이해와 논리적 추론 능력에 관련된 수능 국어와 한국어 능력 시험 (TOPIK II) 및 수능 영어 시험의 결과 분석을 통하여, ChatGPT의 학업능력과 취약점의 원인을 분석하였다. ChatGPT는 대화형 언어 모델로 개발되었기 때문에 일반적인 국어, 영어, 수학 문제를 이해하고 응답하는 능력은 있지만, 난도가 높은 논리적 추론 능력과 수학 문제 풀이 능력에서는 매우 취약한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 생성형 인공지능의 성능 평가를 위한 간편하면서도 정확도가 높으며 효과적인 평가 기준을 마련하는 데에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.225-266
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• 1988

Various theories and techniques for the subject catalog have been developed since Charles Ammi Cutter first tried to formulate rules for the construction of subject headings in 1876. However, they do not seem to be appropriate to Korean language because the syntax and semantics of Korean language are different from those of English and other European languages. This study therefore attempts to develop a new Korean subject indexing system, namely Korean String Indexing System(KOSIS), in order to increase the use of subject catalogs. For this purpose, advantages and disadvantages between the classed subject catalog nd the alphabetical subject catalog, which are typical subject ca-alogs in libraries, are investigated, and most of remarkable subject indexing systems, in particular the PRECIS developed by the British National Bibliography, are reviewed and analysed. KOSIS is a string indexing based on purely the syntax and semantics of Korean language, even though considerable principles of PRECIS are applied to it. The outlines of KOSIS are as follows: 1) KOSIS is based on the fundamentals of natural language and an ingenious conjunction of human indexing skills and computer capabilities. 2) KOSIS is. 3 string indexing based on the 'principle of context-dependency.' A string of terms organized accoding to his principle shows remarkable affinity with certain patterns of words in ordinary discourse. From that point onward, natural language rather than classificatory terms become the basic model for indexing schemes. 3) KOSIS uses 24 role operators. One or more operators should be allocated to the index string, which is organized manually by the indexer's intellectual work, in order to establish the most explicit syntactic relationship of index terms. 4) Traditionally, a single -line entry format is used in which a subject heading or index entry is presented as a single sequence of words, consisting of the entry terms, plus, in some cases, an extra qualifying term or phrase. But KOSIS employs a two-line entry format which contains three basic positions for the production of index entries. The 'lead' serves as the user's access point, the 'display' contains those terms which are themselves context dependent on the lead, 'qualifier' sets the lead term into its wider context. 5) Each of the KOSIS entries is co-extensive with the initial subject statement prepared by the indexer, since it displays all the subject specificities. Compound terms are always presented in their natural language order. Inverted headings are not produced in KOSIS. Consequently, the precision ratio of information retrieval can be increased. 6) KOSIS uses 5 relational codes for the system of references among semantically related terms. Semantically related terms are handled by a different set of routines, leading to the production of 'See' and 'See also' references. 7) KOSIS was riginally developed for a classified catalog system which requires a subject index, that is an index -which 'trans-lates' subject index, that is, an index which 'translates' subjects expressed in natural language into the appropriate classification numbers. However, KOSIS can also be us d for a dictionary catalog system. Accordingly, KOSIS strings can be manipulated to produce either appropriate subject indexes for a classified catalog system, or acceptable subject headings for a dictionary catalog system. 8) KOSIS is able to maintain a constistency of index entries and cross references by means of a routine identification of the established index strings and reference system. For this purpose, an individual Subject Indicator Number and Reference Indicator Number is allocated to each new index strings and new index terms, respectively. can produce all the index entries, cross references, and authority cards by means of either manual or mechanical methods. Thus, detailed algorithms for the machine-production of various outputs are provided for the institutions which can use computer facilities.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.437-453
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• 2006

To analyze dental hygienists and other manpower at dental care service institutions where a dental coordinator was working among about 200 dental care service institutions in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, and Incheon as of June 2005 for contents of training for dental coordinators, opinions of qualification of dental coordinators, present and future services provided by dental coordinators, and awareness of dental coordinators and to provide basic data about future services, roles, and cultivation of dental coordinators, a survey was conducted and 216 copies returned were analyzed, obtaining the following results. 1. 83.8 percent needed an educational program for dental coordinators as an educational content; 41.7% had awareness of the educational content; and 83.8 percent insisted that over the intermediate level of curricula should be taken. Dental coordinator cultivation institutions identified included the institution under the control of the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and the education center for the department of dental hygiene; 76.9% insisted that an appropriate qualifying examination should be necessary. They suggested the central government department and the local government as a certification institution; 39.4% insisted that financial support for the education should be provided by financing education alone. Only 28.7% experienced dental coordinator education and 73.1% hoped to serve as a dental coordinator. They were found to expect a rise in payment(64.4%) and in the title(46.8%) after completion of the educational program. 2. 66.2% saw a dental hygienist as the most appropriate for a dental coordinator; clinical career (39.4%) and practical capacity(29.2%) were suggested as requirements for a dental coordinator; and a period of over three years(47.2%) was suggested for appropriate dental career. 3. Dental coordinators' present services included 'reservation management' for customer management, 'staff service training' for organization management, 'understanding of customer reception attitudes and actions' for self-management, 'hospital information management' for hospital marketing, 'acceptance' for hospital affairs management, and 'hospital environment management' for hospital facilities management; their future services included 'acquisition of ability to use a foreign language' for self-management, followed by 'staff service training' for organization management, 'training and counseling' for customer management, 'acquisition of counseling capacity' for self-management, 'complaining customer reception' for customer management, and 'marketing strategy implementation' for hospital marketing. 4. After comparing dental hygienists and other manpower in terms of dental coordinators' future services, dental hygienists showed interest in 'acquisition of ability to use a foreign language,' 'staff service training,' 'complaining customer reception,' and 'acquisition of counseling capacity' while other manpower showed interest in 'acquisition of ability to use a foreign language,' 'document data management,' 'acquisition of basic service manner,' 'acquisition of counseling capacity,' 'manpower management,' 'establishment and evaluation of a marketing strategy,' and 'education and counseling.' 5. As for awareness of dental coordinators, they were thought of as helpful in improving image of a dental clinic; it was found that continuous training should be necessary to develop dental coordinators' capacity; dental coordinators' services should be important and contribute to patients' qualitative satisfaction.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.89-105
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• 2014

Web2.0의 등장과 함께 급속히 발전해온 온라인 포럼, 블로그, 트위터, 페이스북과 같은 소셜 미디어 서비스는 소비자와 소비자간의 의사소통을 넘어 이제 기업과 소비자 사이의 새로운 커뮤니케이션 매체로도 인식되고 있다. 때문에 기업뿐만 아니라 수많은 기관, 조직 등에서도 소셜미디어를 활용하여 소비자와 적극적인 의사소통을 전개하고 있으며, 나아가 소셜 미디어 콘텐츠에 담겨있는 소비자 고객들의 의견, 관심, 불만, 평판 등을 분석하고 이해하며 비즈니스에 적용하기 위해 이를 적극 분석하는 단계로 진화하고 있다. 이러한 연구의 한 분야로서 비정형 텍스트 콘텐츠와 같은 빅 데이터에서 저자의 감성이나 의견 등을 추출하는 오피니언 마이닝과 감성분석 기법이 소셜미디어 콘텐츠 분석에도 활발히 이용되고 있으며, 이미 여러 연구에서 이를 위한 방법론, 테크닉, 툴 등을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 아직 대량의 소셜미디어 데이터를 수집하여 언어처리를 거치고 의미를 해석하여 비즈니스 인사이트를 도출하는 전반의 과정을 제시한 연구가 많지 않으며, 그 결과를 의사결정자들이 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 시각화 기법으로 풀어내는 것 또한 드문 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 소셜미디어 콘텐츠의 오피니언 마이닝을 위한 실무적인 분석방법을 제시하고 이를 통해 기업의사결정을 지원할 수 있는 시각화된 결과물을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국 인스턴트 식품 1위 기업의 대표 상품인 N-라면을 사례 연구의 대상으로 실제 블로그 데이터와 뉴스를 수집/분석하고 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 이런 과정에서 프리웨어 오픈 소스 R을 이용함으로써 비용부담 없이 어떤 조직에서도 적용할 수 있는 레퍼런스를 구현하였다. 그러므로 저자들은 본 연구의 분석방법과 결과물들이 식품산업뿐만 아니라 타 산업에서도 바로 적용 가능한 실용적 가이드와 참조자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.