• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of Qi exercise on the physical discomfort and depress of maternity. Method: A one group pretest-posttest design was used. Data were collected from July, 1, 2005 to September, 30, 2005. A total of 33 mothers participated in 12 weeks of Qi exercise program. In order to evaluate the effects of the Qi exercise program, physical discomfort and depression were measured before and 12 weeks after. The experimental tools for the study were Maternity Physical discomfort Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS). Data were analysed using t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measured ANOVA on the SPSS program. Result: After 12-week Qi exercise program, there were significant differences in physical discomfort (t=3.268, p= .003) and depression(t=4.106, p= .000). Conclusion: It was verified that the Qi exercise program was effect on relieving physical discomfort and depression scare. And it was effective in alleviation delivery experience score. So more in-depth research is needed later on.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.212-216
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• 2003

This study assessed the effects of Qi therapy (QT) on premenstrual symptoms in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Forty-six college women were randomly allocated to receive QT (QT group: n=23) or complete diary of PMS (control group: n=22, 1 was dropped out). The experimental group receives 12 minutes Qi therapy for 5 times (7, 4, 1 day before and 7, 14 day after menstruation), and control group relaxed in the same procedure with experimental group. We measured pain, depression and anxiety level with visual analogue scale (VAS) to investigate participants responses. There were significant reductions on pain, depression and anxiety in QT group compared with control. These findings suggest that Qi therapy may have a role in helping the women with PMS to cope with their pain, depression and anxiety symptoms.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-52
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), Self-Efficacy Scale(SES) and Qi-gong. Methods : We investigated 141 oriental medical students in Daegu consisted of 36 subjects training Qi and 105 subjects not training. We had all subjects to reply to demographic questimnaire, SCL-90-R questimnaire and SES questimnaire. We made the Qi-training group write the kinds and periods of Qi seperately. Results & Conclusions : 1. The lower SCL-90-R score, the subjects had higher SES score. Total Self-Efficacy score was connected Somatization, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Paranoid Ideation, Paranoid Ideation score significantly. General Self-Efficacy score was connected Somatization, Obsessive- Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Paranoid Ideation, Paranoid Ideation score significantly. Social Self-Efficacy score was connected Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety score significantly. 2. The Qi-training group's mean all the details of SCL-90-R lower than the non-training's significantly in Somatization, Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Hostility, Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism. And the Qi-training group's mean all the details of SES higher than the non-training's, significantly in General Self-Efficacy. 3. In Qi-training group, as training longer, mean Somatization, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility scores get lower and mean Total Self-Efficacy score get higher significantly.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The objective of tills study is to identify the difference of somatic characteristics between Hwa-Byung and Major Depression by comparing the pattern identification of Hwa-Byung group and Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) Method: According to Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule(HBDIS) and SCID, 17 patients as diagnosed Hwa-Byung and 20 patients as diagnosed Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) were recruited. and by depression scale like Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRDS) & Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS), we excluded patients complaining moderate & severe depression among Hwa-Byung group and excluded patients showing mild depression among Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group. After this evaluation, we analysed and compared the pattern identification of both groups by OMS-prime. Result: 1. There were no significant differences of demographic data between both groups. 2. In the result of 'analysis on pattern identification' for all participant used by OMS-prime, most frequent pattern was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(49%). 3. In the result of 'analysis on most correlated pattern identification' used by OMS-prime, for Hwa-Byung group was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(45%) and the next were disharmony of the liver and spleen (20%), generation of phlegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(15%) deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(l0%), And for Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(53%), the next were generation of phlegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(18%), and deficiency of Qi and blood of the heart(l2%), 4. In the result of 'analysis on significant pattern identification' used by OMS-prime, for Hwa-Byung group was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(20%) and the next were disharmony of the liver and spleen(15%), generation of phiegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(15%), deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(14%), And for Hwa-Byung plus Major Depression group(double diagnosis) was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(18%), the next were deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(18%), deficiency of Qi and blood of the heart(l0%), generation of phiegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(18%), Conclusion: Hwabyung is syndrome that have many different symptoms, but there is no difference between Hwa-Byung group and Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) on the side of symptoms. Therefore, Hwabyung could be a new model for research on depression in Korean.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.317-327
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• 2000

Through the study about Che-Qi-Jung(諸氣證) concerned with phenomenon of stress, we concluded as fallow. 1. Stressors are recognized three parts, internal cause, external cause, non-interexternal cause, in the oriental medicine. And the reaction of the body about stressors, was expressed change of Qi(氣). 2. The vascular system and autonomic nervous system are tensed or relexed. Because the etiology of Yuk-Em(六淫), Chil-Jeong(七情) make lose up and down, in and out, circulation of Gi(氣). The symtom caused with stress are explained, divided into Chil-Qi(七氣), Gu-Qi(九氣), Joong-Qi(中氣), Qi-Tong(氣痛), Qi-Yuk(氣逆), Qi-Wool(氣鬱). 3. The symtom of Chil-Qi is recognized into psycholoQical stress and Mae-Haek-Qi(梅核氣). The symtom of Gu-Qi is composed of Chil-Qi and Han(寒), Youl(熱), Ro(勞). 4. The symtoms of Qi-Yuk and Joong-Qi are caused by the ascent of Hwa-Qi(火氣). And Hwa-Qi is made by rage and depression. Qi-Yuk is chronic symtom that the ascent of Hwa-Qi is made by out of function in up and down mechanism of Qi. Joong-Qi is acute symtom that patholoQical state of Qi-Yuk take place for a while by sudden psycholoQical shock. 5. The symtom of Qi-Wool is loss of funtion made by depressed state in physioloQical mechanism, and Qi-Wool is observed in depressive psychosis and hypochondriasis and psychogenic. 6. The symtom of Qi-Tong is the pain caused by interference of circulation of Qi-Hyul(氣血). PsycholoQical stimulation such as rage and depression, tense autonomic nervous system. This make convulsion in gastro-intestine or vascular circuluation or abdominal muscles, and the pain is caused by convulsion.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2010

Objective : To investigate the syndrome differentiation's types and herbal medicine of migraine through Chinese journals review Methods : Journal search was performed using the searching engine of China Academic Journal(CAJ) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from January 2000 to November 2010. Searching key words were "migraine", "chinese traditional medicine" and "syndrome differentiation". We included all kinds type of journals that explained or referred definite syndrome differentiations. The methods of treatment and Herbal medications by syndrome differentiation in contents of finally selected journals were extracted and summarized. Results : Eighteen chinese journals were selected finally. Fifteen kinds of syndrome differentiations about migraine were investigated, which included blood stasis due to qi stagnation (氣滯血瘀) quoted 15 times, middle obstruction of phlegm-dampness (痰濕中阻) 11 times, liver yang transforming into wind (肝陽化風) 10 times, deficiency of qi and blood (氣血虧虛) 6 times, wind-cold invading 風寒侵襲 淸陽鬱遏 4 times, cold invading reverting yin (寒犯厥阴) 4 times, liver-kidney deficiency (肝腎虧虛) 3 times, liver qi depression and qi stagnation (肝鬱氣滯) 2 times, liver depression transforming into fires (肝鬱化火) 2 times, wind-fire of liver-gallbladder (肝膽風火) 3 times, intense stomach fire and heat (胃火熱盛) 2 times, insufficiency of blood deficiency (血虛不榮) 2 times, insufficiency of qi deficiency (氣虛不充) 2 times, insufficiency of kidney qi and sea of marrow deficiency (腎氣不足, 髓海空虛) 2 times, and qi depression due to wind invading (風邪侵襲, 氣鬱不宣) 2 times. Conclusion : We suggests the first choice of oriental treatment for migraine can be considered among syndrome differentiation's types of blood stasis due to qi stagnation, middle obstruction of phlegm-dampness, liver yang transforming into wind, deficiency of qi and blood, and cold invading reverting yin. further systematic study will be needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.329-338
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• 2005

Breast milk is general term for crude milk and mature that is secrete after two-three days of delivery. Because amount of milk secretion is different, disorder of milk secretion is to be classified into galactostasis and spontanous flow of milk. According to this point, we considered thirty four papers and got the conclusion about the concept, cause, therapeutic method and medication of secreation disorder. Therefore we report the result. galactostasis due to deficiency of the qi and blood, depression of liver qi, blood stasis of postpartum, excessiveness and so on. If the qi and blood is deficient, therapeutic method is enriching qi and benefiting blood, if the liver qi is deprssive, treatment is relieving the deprssive liver and regulating the circulation of qi. The milk is flowing spontanously and continously due to a prosperous condition of qi and blood, too deficiency of the qi and blood, depression of liver qi and so on. If the qi and blood is deficient, therapeutic method is tonifying and arresting the qi and blood, if Liver channel is stagnated fire, puring the liver of pathologic fire, relieving the deprssive liver and regulating the circulation of qi. Clinical study for the 1 case of the recurrent cervical cancer patient.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2017

Objectives: To analyze whether a concept similar to Korean 'Hwabyung' exists in China. We investigated the status of clinical studies conducted in China for relevant diseases and trends of the traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) treatment adopted in clinical studies. Methods: To explore the concept of a condition similar to Korean Hwabyung in China, we searched for the existence of concept and pattern that were parallel or similar to those of Hwabyung in TCM text-books and diagnostic guidelines. We searched and analyzed clinical studies of TCM treatment for depression syndrome similar to Hwabyung from CNKI using terms 'depression' and 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Using extracted data, characteristics of clinical research, herbal medicine, and acupuncture treatment used in the clinical research and their effects were systematically reviewed. Results: Symptoms of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire' were most similar to those of Hwabyung. Nine articles were selected from a total 258 articles. Most of them used DSM-IV or CCMD-3 for depression diagnosis. They applied 'diagnostic and efficacy guidelines for TCM diseases and syndromes' for pattern diagnosis of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Danzhixiaoyao-san and Jiaweixiaoyao-san were found to be effective when they were used alone or in combination with antidepressants. Acupuncture treatment also showed remarkable effect on LR3, HT7, LI4, PC6, GV20 when it was used alone or in combination with antidepressants. However, careful interpretation is required because a small number of studies are included.Conclusions: 'Qi stagnation transforming into fire' seemed to have symptoms similar to Hwabyung. However, further research is needed to determine its diseases and pattern types compared to Hwabyung. According to included studies of 'depression with Qi stagnation transforming into fire', herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment tended to be effective in relieving depressive symptoms. However, more discussion is required for future application of herbal medicine and acupuncture for treating Hwabyung.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2021

Objectives : An accurate judgment of prognosis when treating diseases is crucial. While the 『Shanghanlun(傷寒論)』 deals with the prognosis of the Three Yin Diseases with great importance, full-scale studies have been lacking. This paper aims to study the Three Yin Diseases with a focus on prognosis analysis. Methods : Among the Three Yin Disease verses, those that could provide clues to prognosis were selected and analysed. Conclusions & Results : When Yang pulse patterns such as long(長脈)·floating(浮脈)·rapid(數脈) pulses and Yang symptoms such as fever, vexing heat, mild perspiration, thirst, warmth in hands and feet are present in Yin disease, it could be taken as signs of Yang Qi restoration. In these situations, Yin Cold pattern such as diarrhea and reversal cold disappear and the prognosis is positive. However, despite Yang pulse patterns and symptoms, there are cases where diarrhea happens as a result of cold dampness being eliminated due to Yang Qi restoration. Also, when Yang Qi starts communicating smoothly after its restoration in the Three Yin Diseases, perspiration can happen. When diarrhea and reversal cold, which are patterns of Yin Cold get worse, with pulse patterns such as unfelt(脈不至)·replete(實脈)·fulminating(脈暴出) pulses, false heat symptoms such as fever and hot flashes happen, accompanied with Yang Qi depleted symptoms such as inability to lie down due to agitation, continuous perspiration, sore throat, dyspnea, and exaggerated breathing happen. When fast pulse, fever, and perspiration are present due to depression and stagnation of ministerial fire, symptoms such as bloody stool with pus, purulent abscess, sore throat, and inability to lie down due to agitation show, which signal negative prognosis. In bad cases of Reverting Yin Disease, there is continuous diarrhea and bloody stool with pus, which can be due to either Kidney Yang deficiency or depression and stagnation of ministerial fire. It could also be caused by excessive heat.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyse research trends about obesity pattern identification in traditional chinese medicine. Methods Electronic searches were performed with China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The first key words were "肥畔", "肥滿" and second key words were "病因", "分型", "病機", "辨證", "分流". We classified the papers by year and content. We investigated frequency of chinese obesity pattern identification. Results 48 studies were finally included. Papers were published between 1987 and 2013. More than half of the total were published since 2009. 36 studies were literature and Paper review studies. 16 studies were clinical research. There were 'qi deficiency', 'spleen deficiency', 'yang deficiency', 'yin deficiency', 'stomach heat ', 'qi stagnation', 'liver qi depression', 'phlegm-dampness', 'phlegm-heat', 'blood stasis' in chinese obesity pattern identification studies. 'Phlegm-dampness' was used most frequently, followed by 'spleen deficiency', 'yang deficiency', 'blood stasis', 'qi stagnation', 'liver qi depression', 'stomach heat ', 'qi deficiency', 'yin deficiency ' and 'phlegm-heat' in literature and paper review studies. 'Phlegm-dampness' was used most frequently, followed by 'yang deficiency', 'spleen deficiency', 'liver qi depression', 'stomach heat ', 'blood stasis ', 'yin deficiency', 'qi deficiency', 'phlegm-heat ' and 'qi stagnation' in clinical research. Conclusions Based on studies of chinese obesity pattern identification, More clinical trials and obesity pattern identification studies are needed.