• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.201-221
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• 2023

Purpose Customers consider the overall experience with the company as important as the quality of the product, and companies are also paying attention to creating long-term relationships with customers through optimal customer experiences. In this study, we propose a customer experience management process called 'CX-Q', which combines customer journey map and Q-methodology to understand the importance of customer experience based on the overall customer experience. Design/methodology/approach. CX-Q is a process that combines Q-methodology and customer journey maps, allowing stakeholders to explore and improve customer experiences at each contact point while engaging with brands, products, and services. It also enables them to derive customer experience insights and important management points for each segment. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed CX-Q, this study analyzed the experience of customers who used the Airbnb travel platform service as an example, applying the CX-Q process. Findings A total of four customer segments were derived, and it was found that each segment valued different attributes during the customer journey stage. The customer experience analysis using the CX-Q process proposed in this study is expected to help understand customers in more detail and assist in managing and improving customer experience.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.46-53
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cognizance of AIDS by applying the Q methodology, as well as to provide preliminary data for developing AIDS prevention campaigns. A Q population was identified from a literature search and in-depth interviews. The study process analyzed the P sample, the study participants, using the Q-sorting methodology to produce the Q sample, which is composed of statements from October 20 to 27, 2014. 20 participants (analyzed) 27 statements and 3 types of AIDS cognizance were produced as a result. These types are 1(N=9), 2(N=6), and 3(N=5), which correspond to denial, social support, and selfish motivation, respectively. The members of the denial type had a strongly negative opinion about AIDS, whereas the social support type showed a friendly gesture. The selfish motivation type took a neutral stance. The common and different points, as well as the distinctive features of these types, were studied. The accomplishments of this study include suggesting an efficient strategy for making an AIDS control policy, as well as a qualitative analysis, through the employment of the Q-methodology, which is useful for understanding human beings' (internal viewpoint).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.30-44
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• 2016

In this study, we used the Q methodology, which is considered an effective way to identify and assess the characterization of the human subjective consciousness, and we intended to carry out a scientific approach to classify cosmetics consumers in a department store. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimension of recognition and the characterization of Korean women who use a department store, as well as to classify cosmetics consumers in a department store. The analyzed data was divided into the top 10 questions and 10 sub-items, and it was then classified into six consumer types, depending on typicality of three factors. The three factors were 'effectiveness', 'goal' and 'congestion of shopping'. We named and analyzed the features of each type through in-depth Q workshops in which 22 professionals participated. This study is meaningful as it used the Q-methodology instead of statistics which had been used before to classify the consumers, so that the 'subjective' estimation was analyzed into 'objective' types. The results of this study are expected to be useful for creating a marketing strategy for the cosmetics industry.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

Purpose: This exploratory study was done to categorize medical personnel's perceptions of burnout and analyzed the characteristics. Methods: Q methodology was applied using a 45 Q-sample categorized on an 11-point scale which was completed by nurses and doctors working at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Collected data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: Medical personnel's perceptions of burnout were categorized into three types; 33.83% of the total variance was explained. The first type was 'functionally deteriorating pressure' the second type was 'daily powerlessness' and the third was 'achievement-oriented re-energization'. Conclusion: There is a need to establish and apply intervention strategies for each type to alleviate medical personnel burnout and increase work efficiency to qualitatively improve medical services.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.272-283
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the type of sexual assertiveness of female adolescents. Methods: A Q methodology which provided a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each type was used. Thirty-three female high school students classified 40 selected Q statements into 9 points standard. The collected data was analyzed by using the PC-QUNAL program. Results: Four types of sexual assertiveness manifested by female adolescents were identified: Type 1: Self-normative line-drawing type, Type 2: Pleasure-seeking negotiation type, Type 3: Passive relationship maintenance type, Type 4: future-oriented satisfaction-delay type. Conclusion: This study is meaningful because it provides empirical information necessary for the development of theories by verifying integrated attributes related to the female adolescents' sexual assertiveness. Results also induced the measuring tools and succeeding studies, and presented educational material for sex education that is tailored to the developmental level and characteristics of female adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.69-82
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to explore early childhood educators' anxiety regarding science education via Q-methodology. Methods: As the first step, 268 Q samples were collected from resources such as books and research papers related to science education for young children. Through five stages of excluding and modifying, a set of 33 Q statements was finalized. The P sample consisted of 40 early childhood educators and was based on educational levels, years of teaching experiences and types of centers. The collected data were analyzed using QUANL statistical program. Results: The results of this study indicate that science anxiety among early childhood educators are classified into four types, explaining 45.13% of the total variance. Conclusion: We conclude that early childhood educators' science anxiety stems from "preparing educational environment and materials," "instructional methods focused on process and scientific inquiry skills," "lack of understanding regarding early childhood science education," and "simple science avoidance."

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.682-695
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify subjective perception types on anger expression among female nursing students and to investigate characteristics according to the subjective perception types. In order to achieve this purpose, the study used Q-methodology. There were 30 study participants and they completed the Q-sort activity, rating each statement relative to the others using 32 Q statements. The data were analyzed using the QUANL PC program. There were three types of forms extracted from anger expressions among female nursing students; a type on 'embracive soothing', a type on 'reasonable expression', and a type on 'ambivalence over emotional expression'. The commonality of the three types were: talking about their anger emotions with others, asking for help in religion and pushing their opponent. Therefore, Adequate strategies based on anger expression types need to be developed to resolve anger among female nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.615-631
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• 2013

In this study, we attempt to explore various possible types of unmarried single women. Main purpose of the work is to find out possible types of unmarried single women in terms of their subjective views on single life based on Q methodology. Q methodology is a research method to study and understand people's "subjectivity" or their points of view. Here, we applied Q methodology to unmarried single women's subjective evaluation of their own lives. Thirty-one Q-questions were prepared through literature review, and were offered to eighteen unmarried single women. As a result, the subjects could be classified into the following five different types: (Type 1) 'I love my work but I hate pressure (for marriage) from others', (Type 2) 'I feel anxiety and stress (on marriage) but I am still waiting for a true love of mine', (Type 3) 'My life is most important and I'd rather enjoy my single life without restraint from others', (Type 4) 'I am weary of continuing my single life, and now I really want to get married and form a family', (Type 5) 'I don't feel comfortable with dating, marriage life etc, I'd rather continue my single life with less stress'.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

In the image methodology, cinemagraphs are needed to find out how to think through the empirical studies of the audiences in actual empirical theory. Therefore, this study analyzes what cinemagraph images represent and what groups are inclined to see them. The analytical study aims to reveal the grouping categorized as a preference survey according to the subjectivity study by Q methodology. Research reveals how images should be read and how disparities tend to differ from or agree with those in understanding images. Therefore, four types categorized into Q analysis through 1: 1 interview using a sample group and using samples showed that human interpretation and cinemagraph images were represented in understanding cinemagraphs.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.107-121
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the present US consumer behavioral trends and various cognitive schema types for sharing economy frame and shared service. For this, by applying Q methodology, this paper theoretically defines three differentiated typologies of US consumer in a interpretive perspective. This study is in-depth focused on discovering and categorizing characteristics of a respondent's thinking structure called 'schemata'. According to the entire procedures of Q methodology, this paper analyzed Q-sorted data from twenty-four people in the basis of forty Q-samples (statements). Consequently, we discovered four consumer groups named as Type 1 'Socialsumer', Type 2 'Smarsumer', Type 3 'Researsumer'.