• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2022

Bacillus subtilis is a useful bacterium in the food industry with applications as a starter strain for fermented food and as a probiotic. However, it is difficult to discriminate B. subtilis from other Bacillus species because of high phenotypic and genetic similarity. In this study, we employed five previously constructed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods for the discrimination of B. subtilis from other Bacillus species and all five MLST assays clearly distinguished B. subtilis. Additionally, the 17 housekeeping genes used in the five MLST assays also clearly distinguished B. subtilis. The pyruvate carboxylase (pyrA) and shikimate dehydrogenase (aroE) genes were selected for the discrimination of B. subtilis because of their high number of polymorphic sites and the fact that they displayed the lowest homology among the 17 housekeeping genes. Specific primer sets for the pyrA and aroE genes were designed and PCR products were specifically amplified from B. subtilis, demonstrating the high specificity of the two housekeeping genes for B. subtilis. This species-specific PCR method provides a quick, simple, powerful, and reliable alternative to conventional methods in the detection and identification of B. subtilis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1170-1177
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• 2014

Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK is a bacterial strain under study for its bioremediation use on heavy hydrocarbon pollutants in the environment. During the course of our study, mammalian cell entry (mce) genes, known to facilitate pathogenicity in M. tuberculosis, were highly expressed during a comparative and substrate-related cultural global transcriptomic study. RNA sequencing of the global transcriptome of the test strain in two different substrates, pyrene and glucose, showed high expression of the mce genes based on the differential results. After validating the expression of these genes with quantitative real-time PCR, we arrived at the conclusion that the genes were expressed based on the pyrene substrate (a phytosterol compound), and sterol metabolism is said to activate the expression of the mce genes in some actinomycetes bacteria, M. gilvum PYR-GCK in this case. This study is believed to be important based on the fact that some mycobacterial strains are undergoing a continuous research as a result of their use in practical bioremediation of anthropogenic exposure of toxic organic wastes in the environment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.792-797
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• 2018

We have explained the synthesis of novel phenanthrene and pyrene substituted phthalocyanines (PC-PHE and PC-PYR) and fully confirmed the structures by its spectral, photo physical and elemental analysis. For these phthalocyanines we checked the UV-Visible absorbance in PGMEA and chloroform and transmittance checked in PGMEA. The transmittance results suggested that these phthalocyanines are showing more than 90% transmittance at the 450-550 nm region. These synthesized molecules are nicely soluble in almost all industrial solvents. We checked the aggregation property of these phthalocyanines in PGMEA, and the results suggested no any aggregation for these molecules in PGMEA. The thermogravimetric analysis results concluded that PC-PHE and PC-PYR had high thermal stability. All studies explain that these new phthalocyanines are more suitable for LCD green color filter application.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.418-429
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 백삼 및 홍삼 추출물과 그 효소 가수 분해물을 제조하고 이를 첨가하여 제조된 양갱의 항산화 활성 및 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 백삼과 홍삼 추출물의 효소 가수분해를 위해서는 Rapidase C80 max, Pyr-flo, Ultimase MFC를 선정하였다. Rapidase C80 max, Pyr-flo, Ultimase MFC로 가수분해 한 백삼과 홍삼에서는 효소반응 전에는 검출되지 않았던 ginsenoside F2와 Compound K (CK)가 검출되었으며 특히 홍삼의 2차 효소 반응군에서 CK의 함량이 가장 높았다. 효소 가수분해 전 또는 후의 백삼 및 홍삼을 함유한 양갱을 제조한 후 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화 능력을 분석한 결과 백삼 및 홍삼을 함유하지 않은 양갱(대조군)에 비해 총 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, FRAP 분석 결과 모두 우수하였으며, 첨가한 백삼 및 홍삼에 효소반응을 진행할수록 유의적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 밝기(L^*)는 무첨가 양갱(대조군)이, 적색도(a^*)는 홍삼양갱(RG)이, 황색도(b^*)는 백삼양갱(WG)이 높게 나타났고, 조직감은 홍삼 첨가 후 2차 가수분해까지 진행한 양갱(RG-T2)이 강도(hardness), 탄력성(springiness), 씹힘성(chewiness), 응집성(cohesiveness), 검성(gumminess) 모두 유의하게 높은 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 백삼 또는 홍삼 추출물에 Rapidase C80 max, Pyr-flo, Ultimase MFC를 처리하면 진세노사이드 탈당화에 매우 유용하여 생리활성이 우수한 CK를 생산할 수 있으며, 효소로 가수분해 된 백삼 및 홍삼을 첨가한 양갱은 대조군(인삼 무첨가 양갱)에 비해 총 폴리페놀과 항산화 활성을 유의하게 증가시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 기능성 양갱 제조에 우수한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Oncology Reports
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.711-717
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• 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic and anticancer effects of troglitazone (TGZ) with a focus on the potential role of mitochondrial pyruvate utilization. 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) was more cytotoxic in CT26 cancer cells compared with T47D cells, despite a smaller suppression of glucose uptake. On the other hand, TGZ caused a more prominent shift to glycolytic metabolism and was more cytotoxic in T47D cells. Both effects of TGZ on T47D cells were dose-dependently reversed by addition of methyl pyruvate (mPyr), indicating suppression of mitochondrial pyruvate availability. Furthermore, UK5099, a specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor, closely simulated the metabolic and antitumor effects of TGZ and their reversal by mPyr. This was accompanied by a substantial reduction of activated p70S6K. In CT26 cells, UK5099 did not reduce activated p70S6K and only modestly decreased cell proliferation. In these cells, combining glutamine restriction with UK5099 further increased glucose uptake and completely suppressed cell proliferation. Thus, TGZ-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate utilization is an effective treatment for cancer cells that are more dependent on mitochondrial glucose metabolism. By contrast, cancer cells that are more glycolysis-dependent may require suppression of glutamine utilization in addition to blocking mitochondrial pyruvate availability for a full antitumor effect.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

Regression analyses were conducted for prediction of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. Dimensionless units were applied after each PAH was divided by naphthalene (Nap) for the regression analyses using a previously published Swiss data set or all data sets, including Chinese and Brazilian. A strong correlation was found between BaP/Nap ($R^2=0.95$) or ${\Sigma}PAH/Nap$ ($R^2=0.99$) and Pyr/Nap ratios from the Swiss data set. When the developed prediction equation was applied to other measurements to validate its accuracy, there was great agreement between the data and predicted values. This model could be used as a useful tool for the calculation of average BaP and ΣPAH in specific regions without additional tests.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2006

Compositional characteristics and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), which should be strongly regulated for environmental protection in the crude oils and petroleum products, have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS). In the crude oils analyzed, two-rings compound(naphthalene) of PAHs was detected around $72.3\sim93.5%$, but five- or six-rings compound of PAHs was not detected. In the crude oils analyzed, the molecular ratio indices of Phe/Ant(phenanthrene/anthracene)>15, Fla/Pyr(fluoranthene/pyrene)<1, BaA/Chr(benzo (a)anthracene/chrysene)$\leq0.4$ could be effectively applied, and we found that the origin of PAHs was petrogenic sources. Total PAHs concentrations in the crude oils were increased with increasing API gravity and with decreasing sulfur contents of the analyzed crude oils. Five- or six-rings compound of PAHs were not included in ail petroleum products except bunker-C. Furthermore, the molecular ratio indices of Phe/Ant(phenanthrene/anthracene) vs. Fla/Pyr(fluoranthene/pyrene) could be effectively applied as the standard for the PAHs contamination criterion at the other Korean areas.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

젖산탈수소효소(Lactate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.27, LDH)의 기능을 확인하기 위해서 Ldh testis-specific C가 발현된 생쥐(Mus musculus)를 48 hr과 96 hr 기아상태로 유지시킨 후 조직들의 LDH 대사를 LDH 활성, 역학 및 동위효소를 분석하여 연구하였다. 골격근, 간 및 눈조직에서 LDH와 LDH $A_4$활성이 증가되어 혐기적 대사가 우세하였고, 심장과 신장조직의 LDH 활성은 감소되지만 LDH $B_4$ 활성이 증가되어 피루브산을 생성하는 호기적 대사가 우세하였다. 하지만 정소조직에서는 LDH $C_4$가 감소되었고, 뇌조직의 LDH 활성은 조직 중에서 가장 많이 증가되었지만 동위효소의 변화가 작고 피루브산의 양이 감소되었다. 신장조직을 제외한 조직들에서 $K{_m}^{PYR}$이 증가되어 피루브산에 대한 친화력이 감소된 것으로 확인되었다. 실험결과 Ldh-A, B가 발현된 조직에서는 상대 농도가 큰 동위효소의 활성이 증가되었으나 Ldh-A, B, C가 발현된 정소조직은 LDH $C_4$가 감소되어 기능이 저하되었으며 특히 뇌조직에서 LDH는 피루브산 환원효소로서 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 이 과정은 기아상태에서 에너지를 생성하는 기작이 될 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2016

젖산탈수소효소(Lactate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) LDH-C의 기능을 확인하기 위해 liver-specific Ldh-C가 발현된 붕어(Carassius auratus)와 eye-specific Ldh-C가 발현된 파랑볼우럭(Lepomis macrochirus)을 기아 상태로 유지시킨 후(S) 조직들의 LDH 대사를 연구하였다. 기아 후 붕어 간조직의 LDH 활성이 크게 증가되었으며 LDH 비활성(units/mg)과 LDH/CS는 조직들에서 증가되어 혐기적 대사가 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 기아 후 LDH B₄ 동위효소가 골격근조직에서 감소되었고 심장조직에서 증가되었다. 눈과 뇌조직에 나타났던 LDH C₄ 동위효소는 liver-specific C₄로 확인되었으며 기아 후에 없어지고, 눈조직은 C hybrid, 뇌조직은 A₄, 간조직은 C hybrid와 C₄ 동위효소가 각각 증가되었다. 그러나 파랑볼우럭 조직에서 LDH 활성의 변화는 작았으나 눈조직에서 가장 크게 증가되었으며, 뇌조직은 LDH A₄와 AC hybrid가 증가되었다. 피루브산 10 mM에 의해 기아 후 붕어 조직의 LDH 활성은 30.30-18.64%, 파랑볼우럭 조직의 LDH는 25-18.75% 남았으며, 붕어는 Km^PYR 값이 증가되었다. 실험 결과 LDH liver-specific C 동위효소가 기아 중에 간, 뇌 및 눈조직에서 발현되었고, 기아 후 뇌조직에서 젖산의 대사가 우세하고, 붕어 LDH liver-specific C가 파랑볼우럭 LDH eye-specific C보다 영향을 더 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 1998

Synthesis of novel 9-fluoroanthracyclines carrying L-fucose as a sugar component is described. Compound 3 containing a fluorine at the C-9 position was synthesized from an epoxide 2 and HF/Pyr (7 : 3). Bromination and hydrolysis of compound 3 resulted in synthesis of an aglycone, 9-fluoroanthracyclinone 6. The α-(1b) and β -anomers (1a) of the final product were obtained in high yields by a coupling reaction with the L-fucose.