• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.441-444
• /
• 2007

For the purpose of application to new natural dyestuff, the dyeability of Purple onion shell extract was analyzed. It was dyed in cotton fabric according to various dye weight, dyeing temperature, dyeing time. And the effects of mordanting conditions were examined as color differences and color fastnesses. The dyeaffinities were increased as were increased dye weight, especially 100% owf. The optimum dyeing condition of Purple onion shell extract was 40minutes at $60^{\circ}C$. The dyeaffinity was increased at pre-mordanted condition, and color difference was increased distinctly at post mordanted condition. The hue of all mordanted cotton fabrics changed into Yellow where as non mordanted cotton fabric was Red. The color fastnesses of mordanted cotton fabrics were generally not so god, but light fastness was improved in post-Cu mordanted fabric.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.409-413
• /
• 2014

Purple-colored shell individuals were discovered among normal green-colored shell individuals in artificial seed of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, reared on an ordinary type of diatom and artificial diet. In the present study, factorial mating experiments were designed to clarify the genetic control of the variant (purple type) and normal (green type) of shell color. The parental population of purple type and green type individuals were derived from a single family between a female and male of each type of coloration. The all mating families were reared in same tank for the same breed environment. The individual of 4 type families were distinguished by paternity test using microsatellite DNA. In factorial mating experiments, all individuals offspring of GG (green type female and green type male), GP (green type female and purple type male) and PG (purple type female and green type male) mating types appeared to green type. In only PP (purple type female and purple type male) mating type, all individuals offspring appeared to purple type. The results suggested that the purple shell color is controlled by recessive purple type allele and a dominant green type allele at a single locus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.176-181
• /
• 2004

In order to examine the mesh selectivity and optimum mesh size of trap nets for purple shell, Rapane venosa, the field experiments were carried out during Jun. 27 to 29, 2003 at the coastal area of Mal-Do, Kunsan, Jeonbuk province. The experimental fishing gears were used in two set of trap nets, which one set was consisted of 210 trap nets that were coverd with 35mm, 50mm and 65mm in mesh size. The analysis of mesh selectivity curve was done by Kitahara's method. The results obtained are summerized as follows : 1. The total number of catch by the experimental fishing of trap nets for purple shell was 1,682, and it was consisted of 1,268 purple shells (75.4%), 225 Glossaulax reiniana (13.4%), 113 green lings (6.7%) and 76 other fishes (4.5%). 2. The value of maximum 1/m on the mesh selectivity curve was estimated at 1.79. 3. The value of 1/m on the 50% selection range was estimated at 1.24${\sim}$2.72, and the selection width was 1.48.. 4. The optimum mesh size of trap nets for purple shell based on the catch prohibition shell height(50mm) was estimated 40.3mm, and the 50% selection range of shell height of purple shell was 50.0${\sim}$109.6mm.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2009

Based on 1,260 samples, the age and growth of purple whelk, Rapana venosa (Valenciennes) (Gastropoda:Muricidae) have been investigated. The samples were collected monthly during one year time (from February, 2004 to January, 2005) from the West Sea of Korea. The age of R. venosa was determined by the ring of the operculum analysis. The relationship between whelk's shell height and ring radius in each ring group was expressed as an equation of linear regression and later a correspondence in each ring formation was determined. Based on the monthly variations in the marginal index (MI) of the operculum, it was assumed that the ring of this species has been formed once a year during the period from July to August. The relationship between shell height and shell width was expressed by the equation SW = 0.7867 SH - 6.3988 ($R^2$=0.8604); and between shell height and total weight by the equation $TW=0.0000626{\times}SH^{3.206}$ ($R^2$=0.8324). The purple whelk's spawning period was estimated through the fatness analysis and has occurred during the period from May to July. Obtained results suggests that the ring formation occurs once a year (in July) and the length of time period since the first ring has been formed on the operculum is approximately 13 months (1.08 year). The purple whelk's growth curves for shell height and total weight fitted to the von Bertalanffy's equation and were expressed as follows: $SH_t=199.653(1-e^{-0.104(t+2.478)}$ $TW_t=1484.105(1-e^{0.104(t+2.478)})^{3.206}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.446-452
• /
• 1986

This paper presents the composition of neutral and polar lipids obtained from puple shell, Rapana venosa and the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The fatty acid composition and the classification of neutral lipids from two species were determined by gas chromatography (GLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Total lipid contents of samples were $0.5\%$ in purple shell and $0.4\%$ in the abalone. The predominant fatty acids of total lipids were eicosapentaenoic acid ($19.30\%$). eicosenoic acid ($12.10\%$) and palmitic acid ($11.77\%$) in the purple shell, and palmitic acid ($21.29\%$), oleic acid ($14.55\%$) and linoleic acid ($14.21\%$) in the abalone. The lipid composition of non-polar lipid fractions in purple shell and abalone was separated and identified as free sterol, free fatty acid, triglyceride and hydrocarbon & esterified sterol by TLC. The contents of triglyceride from both neutral lipids were shown more abundant than any other subclasses. The main fatty acids of neutral lipids were eicosapentaenoic acid ($18.6\%$), palmitic acid ($14.90\%$) and eicosenoic acid ($14.76\%$) in the purple shell, and palmitic acid ($28.12\%$), oleic acid($20.5\%$) and myristic acid ($12.5\%$) in the abalone. Eicosapentaenoic acid ($17.57\%$), stearic acid ($13.26\%$) and eicosatetraenoic acid ($11.24\%$) were important fatty acids of glycolipid in the purple shell, and myristic acid ($12.75\%$), stearic acid ($12.10\%$) and eicosatetraenoic acid ($10.64\%$) in the abalone. The major fatty acids of phospholipids were eicosapentaenoic acid ($20.18\%$), palmitic acid ($11.26\%$) and eicosenoic acid ($10.90\%$) in the purple shell, and palmitic acid ($21.10\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid ($12.90\%$) and oleic acid($11.13\%$) in the abalone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2014

A new shell divider was manufactured according to the principle of the lever in order to improve working efficiency in collecting the gonad of Sea Urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, around the coast of jeju. It was composed of three parts of a pair of handles for grasping power, a fulcrum and a pair of knives for action with 21cm in length and 13cm in width. The operating efficiency of the shell divider was tested out in three place of Jeju coast. Statistical significances of differences of working time between test groups were calculated according to the t-test with the level of significance. In dividing the shell of sea urchin, the average of about 3 seconds of working time by the shell divider was less than that by a knife. At the result of t-test, the statistical significance in the working time existed between the divider group and the knife group. On the other hand, the working time among the divider operators showed no significant differences. It is concluded that the shell divider is more efficient than a knife in traditional operating.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate substrate for larval settlement and spat growth in the purple clam, Saxidomus purpuratus in laboratory culture. Larvae were reared with 3 different types of sediments (mud, sand, and mixed) for 46 days in settlement experiment, and settled spats were further grown in 3 types of sediments for 36 weeks in growth experiment. The density of settled spats in muddy sediments was more than 2 times higher than those in mixed or sandy sediments. But, the average size of settled spats in muddy sediments was smaller than those in mixed or sandy sediments. After 36 weeks of growth period, growth rate decreased as shell length increased. When shell length was less than 2 mm, growth rate in mixed sediments was significantly higher than that in sandy sediments. When shell length was more than 2 mm, there was no significant difference in growth rate among different substrates. Sediment type affected growth rate only when the spats were relatively small (less than 2 mm). Muddy sediments seems better for larval settlement, while mixed sediments is best for spat growth. We suggest the laboratory procedure for enhancing seedling production of S. purpuratus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.632-640
• /
• 2003

Geographic variation in shell morphology of Thais clavigera $(K\"{u}ster)$ (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was investigated using samples collected from 24 sites along the Korean coast. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to 9 morphometric and 4 categorical variables. The shells of T. clavigera were classified into two distinct morph types (Type-W and -E). Temperature and salinity of the sampling sites were significantly correlated with the incidence of morph types. Relative abundance of Type-W (thin, yellowish brown shell with triangular nodules) was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with salinity. In contrast, relative abundance of Type-E (thick, dark purple shell with round nodules) was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. Possible correlation between environmental factors (temperature and salinity) and morphological variations in the shells were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1993

The reproductive ecology of the purple shell, Rapana venosa was investigated by the histological observations on depositions of the egg capsules, and hatching of larvae in the laboratory and the subtidal zone of the vicinity of piung-do, Chollabud-do, west coast of korea, for one year from June 1992 to May 1993. The results are summarized as follows:1. Rapana venosa is dioecious in sex. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises a number of ovarian lobules, and the testis comprises of gonads could be classified into 4 stages in males and 5 stages in females: 1) growing stage(in female subdivided into 2 stages of early and late growing stage). 2)mature stage. 3)spent stage or copulationstage. 4)rdcovering stage. The early growing stage in females of the purple shell was in September through February, late gorwing stage was in October to March, mature stage was in September to January, mature stage was in September to July, copulation stage was in Februaty to June and recovering stage in April to October.3. Spawning occurred 3-4 times at intervals of 1-3 days, and completed within 10 days from the beginning of spawning during the spawning season of the year.4. From the results of laboratory and field observations, egg masses are composed of a number of egg capsules, egg masses are occurred from May to late August, and in mid August depositions of egg mass in composed of 90-113 egg capsules, fecundity in an egg capsule was ranged 984 to 1,241 eggs(average 1,096 egg). Therefore, fecundity in total egg capsules spawned per individual during the spawning season is estimated as approximately 320,000 to 450,000 egges.5. The incubation period during deposition of an egg capsule to hatching larvad tood 17 days at 18.3-20.4%C(water temperature)and 1.021 (specific gravity fo sea water).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 1997.06a
• /
• pp.167.1-168
• /
• 1997