• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2018

The Purple pericarp (Prp) trait is a trait often bred for in black rice. Generally, the Prp trait is displayed in the color variations of seeds following the 9:3:4 purple, brown, and white ratio, respectively. The Prp trait is a recessive epistasis of two gene interactions; however, it is caused by the two complementation genes Pb and Pp. Here we present a study of the genetic characteristics of the Prp trait using an $F_1$ hybrid with a Pbpb Pppp genotype. This hybrid generated four seed colors with the following numbers: 3 dark purple, 6 medium purple, 3 brown, and 4 white (or 9 purple, 3 brown, and 4 white). However, further biochemical analysis of the all progenies divided them into two groups. One group had the Pb_ Pp_ allelic constitutions and contained cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) in both the dark purple or medium purple seeds. The other group, however, was absent of C3G in both the brown and white seeds, resulting in a ratio of 9:7, respectively. This segregation revealed the extended Mendelian 9:7 ratios of the complementary gene interactions with a good fitness in ${\chi}^2$ analysis. Further analysis revealed that brown seeds with the Pb_ pppp genotype corresponded with a null C3G, indicating that the Brown pericarp trait in rice is caused by a dominant allele of the Pb gene. Therefore, we conclude that the production of C3G is a main phenotype of the black and purple colored rice in the Prp trait, and it is governed by the complementary gene interactions between Pb and Pp genes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 1998

The purpose of the study was to observe the association between the main colors of school children's drawings of dental treatment situation and their dental anxiety. The subjects of study were 688 school children from 2nd to 4th grade. Caries experience was investigated by oral examination. Questionnaire survey was done regarding children's attitude toward the dentist and dental treatment and their experience of pain and fear during the dental treatment. Colors with high frequency of use were green, blue, yellow, orange, pink, purple, gray, brown, yellow ochre, red, white, and black in order. Boys used green and blue, and girls used yellow and orange, more than each other. As the grade increased, white, yellow, and blue increased and brown decreased. Colors with high dental anxiety level were black, brown, red, white, blue, orange, yellow and green, yellow ochre, gray, pink, and purple in order, and the upper four represented 10.5% of the subjects. Children with high decayed teeth rate had a tendency to use colors of high dental anxiety level. Black color had the most obvious association with the pain and fear of dental treatment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2006

The present paper described the relationship between dental anxiety and main colors of elementary student's drawing of dentists. This paper is based on the survey with 555 samples were chosen from a first, second and third grade students of the elementary school located in Chilgok-gun Gyeongsangbuk-do. During the survey, students were asked to picture a dentist by using 12 colors crayon randomly. And the survey result was summarized in three categories. Those are the main color(most frequently used color) distribution in the children's drawings, ratio differences of the main color in terms of gender and the anxiety score for the each color. 1. The order of main colors was blue, white, green, gray, yellow, purple, ocher yellow, orange, pink, red, black and brown from the top to bottom. 2. The main colors distribution in terms of gender, male mostly used green and black compare to female, and female mostly used pink, yellow and white compare to male(p<0.01). 3. The order of the anxiety score for main colors is black, brown, red, yellow, pink, orange, green, white, gray, blue, purple and ocher yellow form the top to bottom(p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.131-144
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• 1997

This thesis is mainly on the study of Gongbok and Sangbok in the system of official outfit of the Koryo dyn-asty which has not yet fully studied in the history of Koren dress and its ornaments. Even in this difficult circumstances the sys-tem of dress and its ornaments can be under-stood with the help of remaining Buddhi-stliterature. Thus the system of official outfit in the Koryo dynasty has been studied here with some documentary records such as Koryo-dokyung Koryosa-yeobokji (The His-tory of Dress And Its Ornaments in The Koryo Dynasty) and so on. As the Koryo dynasty de-veloped her international relationships continu-ously with her neighbouring nation which were geographically closely connected so the systems of official outfit in the Chinese dyn-asty of Sung had to be studied and compared with, In the Koryo dynasty the same four colour system of purple red, deep red and green had survived until the year of 1123 from the year of 960 not using the blue colour from the four colour system of purple Chinese red green and blue of the Sung dynasty. The four colour system of purple deep red green and black under the regin of the King Euijong was exactly the same as that of official outfit of the Sung dynasty in he year of 1078 the first year of Wonpung's regin and wearing Eodae is a sure sign of influence of the system of Sung dynasty. Even though Koryo was invaded by Yuan druing the period of the regin of the King Chungyul the four colour system was not changed of purple deep red. green and black along with the same Dae-sudanryung(long sleeve and round collar). In 1387 the thirteenth year of the King Woo of the Koryo dynasty Pumdae was used ofor different official ranks and the sys-tem of wearing Samo and Dayung was established for the official outfit of every government officers.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.603-606
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• 2009

Lipoxygenase and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein of mature soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed are main anti-nutritional factors in soybean seed. A new soybean cultivar, "Gaechuck#1" with the traits of black seed coat, green cotyledon, lipoxygenase2,3 and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein free was developed. It was selected from the population derived the cross of "Gyeongsang#1" and C242. Plants of "Gaechuck#1" have a determinate growth habit with purple flowers, brown pubescence, black seed coat, black hilum, oval leaflet shape and brown pods at maturity. Seed protein and oil content on dry weight basis have averaged 39.1% and 16.2%, respectively. It has shown resistant reaction to soybean necrosis, soybean mosaic virus, Cercospora leaf spot and blight, black root rot, pod and stem blight, and soybean pod borer. "Gaechuck#1" matured on 5-10 October with a plant height of 50 cm. The 100-seed weight of "Gaechuck#1" was 23.2g. Yield of "Gaechuck#1" was averaged 2.2 ton/ha from 2005 to 2007.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.5 s.84
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• pp.20-25
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• 2005

The colorants were extracted from black soybean using a buffer solution. Dyeing properties and the fastness of silk fabric dyed with black soybean extracts were investigated. K/S values of dyed fabric were increased with concentration of black soybean extracts. Magnesium sulfate, nickel sulfate and calcium chloride as mordants are used to obtain reddish purple color. Optimum dyeing temperature of black soybean extracts was $30^{\circ}C$. Fastness were generally good except for light fastness which was extremely poor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-6
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• 1970

Abies koreansa Wilson grows at the upper part of Mts. Halla, Chiri, Mudung, Kaji and Dokyu. It was at first collected by Father U. Faurie on the May of 1907 from the Mt. Halla, Quelpaert. Cone colour of this species varies from green to black purple and the typical colour of it is violet purple. A form of black purple was named by Hatushima in 1934. Green and reddish brown or reddish purple colours of this species were discovered recently at the Mt. Halla. All these forms can be identified as the following. for. koreana - Abies koreana Wilson in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1, 188(1920) ; Mori, En. 27(1922) ; Uyeki, Timb. Tr. 117(1926) et Woody Pl. 5(1940) ; Chung et al, Comm. Nam. 12(1937) ; Handb. Kor. Manch. For. 71(1939) ; Kawamoto, III. For. P1. 16(1940) ; T. Lee, Arb. Kor. 12(1947) et Billiogr. Woody P1. 233(1966) ; Nakai, Synopt. 23(1952)-A. nephrolepis sensu Nakai, Rep. Veg. Chirisan 23, no. 27(1915) et Rep. Veg. Quelpaert Isl. 13, no. 142 (1915), non Max. (1866) Strobili violaceo-purpurei, bracteis viridibus juvenilibus vel stramineis matureis. Mt. Halla ( Lee, no. 970527K. ) for. chlorocarpa, forma nova ; Strobili et bracteae viridi sed rubescent in apice juvenili inflerescentiae. Mt. Halla ( Lee, no. 970527C. ) for. rubrocarpa, forma nova ; Strobili et bracteae rubro-purpurei vel rubro-fusui Mt. Halla ( Lee, no. 970527R. ) for nigrocarpa Hatushima, Rep. Exp. For. Kyushu U. 40(1934) ; T. Lee, Arb. Kor. 12(1947) et Bibliogr. Woody P1,233(1966). Strobili et bracteae nigro-purpurei. Mt. Halla (Lee, no. 970527N. )

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2011

Skin is a physical barrier against diverse injury and damages. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes detrimental skin injuries such as inflammation and cell death. The value of natural pigments could be applied to many usages including cosmetics. This study was conducted to examine the protective effect of natural pigments extracted from mulberry, balsam pear, purple-colored sweet potato, pehmannia root, gardenia fruit, and black rice against UV-induced cell death in HaCaT cells, human keratinocyte cell lines. In the present study, the exposure of 50 mJ/$cm^2$ UV-B for 24 hr induced cell death in HaCaT cells, which was prevented by the pretreatment of extracts of mulberry, balsam pear, purple-colored sweet potato, rehmannia root, gardenia fruit, and black rice. In addition, the exposure of 50 mJ/$cm^2$ UV-B for 24 hr also increased lipid peroxide (LPO) formation, compared to control in HaCaT cells, which was prevented by the pretreatment of extracts of mulberry, balsam pear, purple-colored sweet potato, rehmannia root, gardenia fruit, and black rice. In conclusion, the extracts of mulberry, balsam pear, purple-colored sweet potato, rehmannia root, gardenia fruit, and black rice prevented the UV-B-induced cell apoptosis via the inhibition of oxidative stress in HaCaT cells.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.82-99
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the traditional costume colors in ancient Korea. The results of this study can be summarized follows : The traditional costume colors in ancient Korea was affected on Chineses goverment official\`s costume colors, specially in Tongil Silla Dynasty. Goverment official\`s costume colors were purple(紫), red(赤), yeoolw(黃), blue(靑). The traditional Korean colors for clothes were devided in the white costume for low class and the colored costume of high class. The traditional Korean colors for colthes became fixed in the later Chosun dynasty, According to developing of dyeing technic, the prohibition of red costume for low class made for wear red undercloth. And on account of costume color in sumptuary law occured the transition of costume color. As transition of costume color, yellow(黃) changed in light in light yellow(松花色), purple(紫) did in dark green purple(茶割) Also it was found that the traditional Korean color for clothes was many kinds of soft, deep, natural colors out of red(紫)·yellow(黃)·white(白)·black(黑)·blue(靑).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2012

In this study we examined the changes in expression of pigments in black rice during kernel development, which were sampled at 2~3-day intervals to the 40th day after flowering. The first expression of pigment on kernels was observed on the seed coat about 5 days after flowering. At that times, the ratio of pigment expression was 0.08% of total area. The order in expression of pigments in black rice during kernel development was top first, followed by bottom, dorsal side, then ventral side. Maximum percentage of the total colored area in kernel was about 25 days after flowering. After that, the color has changed to dark purple from pale purple during kernel development after flowering. After harvesting, the non-uniform color kernels were observed. As a result, the ventral side in a kernel was a position of the non-uniform color such as a mixture of pale purple and dark purple. Also, we could be concluded that patten of pigment expression was similar in kernel development.