• 복식
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

The painting style has much influenced on the creativity of design in the developmental process of modern fashion. This fact tells that pure art and fashion design have the same purpose in the end. In this paper. the color Autonomy of Matisse was analyzed and how its result influences on modern fashion design was investigated. Matisse is, in fact. the leader of Fauvism and the painter who brought the Fauvism painting to its perfection in the purest state. Matisse achieved the revolution of new color with only the color in expressing formative factor. Matisse's color autonomy are fusion technique, flatness, decoration, simplicity, etc. To sum up the influence that this autonomy played on modern fashion design, intensive pure color expression, strongly-supplemented color effect among primary colors, decoration of color, simplicity of color, that is to say. he gave rise to the revolution of color, Many modern designers are applying this method to the theme of fashion and motive, color the technique of expression. Thanks to this. the new formative artistic expression could be adapted in fashion, and it also induced the inspiration of original design, with great contribution to bringing the era of its own distinct individualism in modern times.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1994

An experimental study on heat pump cycle systematizing characteristics for non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R-22+R-114 was reported. Data were obtained under steady state condition at the ranges of parameters, 550- 2, 170kcal/h, 670-2, 990kcal/h, 24-71kg/h, and 0-1, for as cooling capacity, heating capacity, mass 25, 50, 75, and 100 per cent of R-22 by weight fraction for R-22+R-114 mixtures. The results shown that the C.O.P of the 50wt% of R-22 mixture was considerably larger than for pure R-22 and other weight fraction of R-22 mixtures, but the compression power of the 25wt% of R-22 was lower than that of the pure R-22 and the other weight fraction of R-22 mixtures. The hightest value of cooling capacity was obtained at the conditions of evaporating temperature 5.deg.C and R-22 50wt% mixture. In general, with an increase in the R-22 weight fraction for fixed values of the other parameter, the cooling capacity increased at first, obtained a maximum, and then decreasd. This verified the importance of accurate weight fractions od refrigerant mixtures in the heat pump cycle.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2008

The present study is directed at flow and heat transfer of $CO_2$ and oil mixtures in a circular tube. PAG and POE oils are considered in this study. Flow characteristics of $CO_2$ and oil mixtures have been investigated by flow visualization. Pressure drop has been measured in the range of operating mass flow rate from 0.1 to 0.4 kg/min in a circular tube. Heat transfer characteristics of $CO_2$/oil mixtures have been investigated using a counterflow heat exchanger. In case of pure liquid $CO_2$ as well as $CO_2$ and POE mixtures, flow are seen to be uniform so that $CO_2$ and POE oil are still miscible even at flowing state. However, it is found that $CO_2$ and PAG are not miscible. Pressure drop of $CO_2$/PAG mixtures are much higher than that of $CO_2$/POE mixtures as well as pure $CO_2$ at a fixed mass flow rate. As the concentration of POE oil is increased from 0 to 5 wt%, pressure drop is increased. However, heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient of $CO_2$/POE mixtures are much higher than that of $CO_2$/PAG mixtures. The f-factor correlation and Nusselt number correlation for $CO_2$/POE oil mixtures are suggested in this paper.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1998

Starch-polyethylene films containing high molecular weight(NW) oxidized-polyethylene and prooxidant were prepared , and thermal -and bio-degradability of the films were determined. Increased levels of starch resulted in a corresponding reduction in mechanical strength of the films. However, the addition of high MW oxidized-polyethylene did not significantly reduce the percent elongation of the films. Thefilms containing high MW oxidized-polyethylene andproosicant were degreaded faster than those containing no aadditive during the heat treatment. The films lost their measureable mechanical properties when their weight-average MW(Mw) fell below 50,000. Biodegradability of the films was determined by a pure culture assay with either Streptomyces badius 252.S. setonii 75Vi2 or S. viridosporous T7A, and by an extracellulr enzyme assay using S. setonii 75vi2. The results from pure culture assay indicated that biomass accumulation on the film surface inhibited chemical and biological degradation of the films. The extracellular enzyme assay demonstrated decrease of percent elongation and increase of carbonyl index of the films. Therefore, extracellular enzyme assay could be used as a good method to evaluate biodegradability of the films.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

This paper calculates and gives the analysis of electron swarm transport coefficients as described electric conductive characteristics of pure Ar, pure $SiH_4$, Ar-$SiH_4$ mixture gases($SiH_4$-0.5%, 2.5%, 5%) over the range of E/N = 0.01~300[Td], P = 0.1, 1, 5.0 [Torr] by Monte Carlo the backward prolongation method of the Boltzmann equation using computer simulation without using expensive equipment. The results have been obtained by using the electron collision cross sections by TOF, PT, SST sampling, compared with the experimental data determined by the other author. It also proved the reliability of the electron collision cross sections and shows the practical values of computer simulation. Electron swann parameters in argon were drastically changed by adding a small amount of mono-silane. The electron drift velocity in these mixtures showed unusual behaviour against E/N. It had negative slope in the medium range of E/N, yet the slope was not smooth but contained a small hump. The longitudinal diffusion coefficient also showed a corresponding feature in its dependence on E/N. A two-tenn approximation of the Boltzmann equation analysis and Monte Carlo simulation have been used to study electron transport coefficients.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.368-369
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• 2006

The pure $LiFePO_4$, carbon added $LiFePO_4(LiFePO_4/C$) and pyrene added $LiFePO_4(LiFePO_4/P$) are synthesized by using solid-state reaction. XRD patterns show no impurity phase in the three kinds of the cathode materials. The 10wt% pyrene added $LiFePO_4$ shows around 140mAh/g of discharge capacity at 3rd cycle compared to the pure $LiFePO_4$. The carbon added $LiFePO_4$ shows 145mAh/g of discharge capacity at 3rd cycle and stable cycle-life compared to the others.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2019

The PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ radical polymerizations with different clay contents (3 and 7 wt%) using microwave heating. The nanostructure, optical, and thermal properties of the synthesized PMMA/clay nanocomposites were measured by XRD, TEM, AFM, UV-vis, and TGA. It was found that the intercalated- or exfoliated structure of PMMA/clay nanocomposites was strongly dependent on the content of clay. Thus, the imposition of microwave-assisted polymerization facilitated a delamination process of layered silicates to achieve exfoliation state of interlayer distance. The PMMA/3 wt% C10A nanocomposite with well-dispersed and exfoliated clay nano-layers showed the good optical transparency similar to pure PMMA in this study. The thermal decomposition rates of the PMMA/clay nanocomposites become to be lower compared to that of the pure PMMA, indicating the intercalated- or exfoliated inorganic silicate has high thermal stability. A possible reason is that the thermally segmental motion of PMMA polymer into inorganic silicate interlayer spacing has increased the thermal stability of the PMMA/clay nanocomposites.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.173-185
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• 2019

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of aluminum tubular members subjected to combined bending and web crippling. A series of tests was performed on square hollow sections (SHS) fabricated by extrusion using 6061-T6 heat-treated aluminum alloy. Different specimen lengths were tested to obtain the interaction relationship between moment and concentrated load. The non-linear finite element models were developed and verified against the experimental results obtained in this study and test data from existing literature for aluminum tubular sections subjected to pure bending, pure web crippling, and combined bending and web crippling. Geometric and material non-linearities were included in the finite element models. The finite element models closely predicted the strengths and failure modes of the tested specimens. Hence, the models were used for an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometries, and the web slenderness values ranged from 6.0 to 86.2. The combined bending and web crippling test results and strengths predicted from the finite element analysis were compared with the design strengths obtained using the current American Specification, Australian/New Zealand Standard and European Code for aluminum structures. The findings suggest that the current specifications are either quite conservative or unconservative for aluminum square hollow sections subjected to combined bending and web crippling. Hence, a bending and web crippling interaction equation for aluminum square hollow section specimens is proposed in this paper.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1784-1800
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• 2018

Tension-shear loading is a common loading condition in steel structures during the earthquake shaking. To study ductile fracture in structural steel under multiple stress states, experimental investigations on the different fracture mechanisms in Chinese Q235 steel were conducted. Different tension-shear loading conditions achieved by using six groups of inclined notch butterfly configurations covering pure shear, tension-shear and pure tension cases. Numerical simulations were carried out for all the specimens to determine the stress and strain fields within the critical sections. Two tension-shear fracture models were calibrated based on the hybrid experimental-numerical procedure. The equivalent fracture strain obtained from the round bar under tensile loading was used for evaluating these two models. The results indicated that the tension-shear criterion as a function of the shear fracture parameter had better performance in predicting the fracture initiation of structural steel under different loading conditions.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2022

In this study, phase-pure titanium dioxide TiO₂ ceramics are sintered using standard high-temperature solid-state reaction technique at different temperatures (1,000, 1,100, 1,200, 1,300, 1,400 ℃). The effect of sintering temperature on the densification and impedance properties of TiO₂ ceramics is investigated. The bulk density and average grain size increase with the increase of sintering temperature. Impedance spectroscopy analysis (complex impedance Z^* and complex modulus M^*), performed in a broad frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 MHz, indicates that the TiO₂ ceramics are dielectrically heterogeneous, consisting of grains and grain boundaries. The complex impedance Z^* -plane indicates the resistance of grains of the TiO₂ ceramics increases with increasing sintering temperature, while that of grain boundaries develops in the opposing direction. The complex modulus M^*-plane shows a grain capacitance that seems to be independent of the sintering temperature, while that of the grain boundaries decreases with increasing sintering temperature. These results suggest that different sintering temperatures have effects on the microstructure, leading to changes in the impedance properties of TiO₂ ceramics.