• 대한수학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2012

Let R be a commutative ring and I its proper ideal, let S(I) be the set of all elements of R that are not prime to I. Here we introduce and study the total graph of a commutative ring R with respect to proper ideal I, denoted by T(${\Gamma}_I(R)$). It is the (undirected) graph with all elements of R as vertices, and for distinct x, y ${\in}$ R, the vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x + y ${\in}$ S(I). The total graph of a commutative ring, that denoted by T(${\Gamma}(R)$), is the graph where the vertices are all elements of R and where there is an undirected edge between two distinct vertices x and y if and only if x + y ${\in}$ Z(R) which is due to Anderson and Badawi [2]. In the case I = {0}, $T({\Gamma}_I(R))=T({\Gamma}(R))$; this is an important result on the definition.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.309-330
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• 2013

This paper explores the concept of pure language introduced in Walter Benjamin's "The Task of the Translator" and looks at various perspectives on this concept represented in theories of Paul De Man and Gilles Deleuze and a short story of Jorge Luis Borges. According to "The Task of the Translator," pure language is defined as a vessel of which fragments are the original and the translation. Just as fragments are part of a vessel, so the original and the translation are fragments of a greater language, which is pure language. On the other hand, De Man, from a deconstructive criticism, says that pure language does not exist except as a permanent disjunction, which inhabits all languages as such, and that any work is totally fragmented in relation to this pure language and every translation is totally fragmented in relation to the original. While De Man consider pure language incorporeal, Deleuzian interpretation regards it as a virtual object or differenciator in relation to which the two series of the original and the translation coexist and resonate. Finally in Borges's "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote" Menard attempt to translate Cervantes's Don Quixote identically in every detail. By showing a case in which the original and the translation are the same, Borges raises a question what would take place in relation to pure language if the original and the translation were identical. In Deleuze, identity and resemblance are the result of a differenciator, but in Borges, identity is a differenciator which produces differences. If we apply this logic to the last paragraph of "The Task of the Translator," we can say the interlinear version of Scriptures, as the prototype or ideal of all translation, in the form of which the original and the translation must be one, is a differenciator, an endless difference-making machine.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2011

[ $25^{\circ}C$ ] 순수 물에서 음이온성 계면활성제인 DBS(sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate)와 SDS(sodium dodecylsulfate) 그리고 비이온성 계면활성제인 Brij 30(polyoxyethylene(4) lauryl ether) 사이의 혼합미셀화에 대한 임계미셀농도(CMC)와 반대이온의 결합상수값(B)을 전도도법과 표면장력계법으로 측정하였다. 이와 같이 측정한 CMC값에 비이상적 혼합미셀화 모델을 적용함으로써 여러 가지 열역학적 함수값($X_i,\;{\gamma}i,\;C_i,\;a_i^M,\;{\beta}$ 및 ${\Delta}H_{mix}$)들을 계산하여 상호 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, SDS는 DBS보다 Brij 30과 더욱 강한 상호작용을 이루었으며, SDS/Brij 30 혼합계면활성제가 이상적 혼합미셀화로부터 가장 큰 음의 벗어남을 보였다. 그리고 SDS/DBS 혼합계면활성제는 거의 이상적 혼합미셀화를 이루는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 1998

폴리이미드 고분자막을 사용한 질소부하 장치를 설계하고, 이를 CA 저장에 활용하기 위한 기술적 기본 데이터를 제시하였다. 순수 산소 및 질소의 투과특성은 dual-mode sorption 모델로서 설명될 수 있었으며, 공기 중의 산소의 투과율은 공기 중에 존재하는 질소의 영향으로 순수 산소의 투과율에 비해 크게 감소하나, 공기 중의 질소의 투과율은 산소의 영향으로 순수 질소의 투과율에 비해 증가하였다. 수행한 압력 및 온도 범위 내에서 이상분리인자는 5에서 6 사이의 값을 나타내었으며, 공기의 분리인자는 이상분리인자보다 작은 값을 나타내었다. 산소의 투과활성화에너지가 질소의 투과 활성화에너지보다 커서 이상분리인자는 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 제품회수율이 증가함에 따라 농축부의 질소농도는 급격히 감소하였으며, 이로부터 제품회수율은 CA 저장고에서 요구되는 질소농도를 얻기 위한 주요 조업인자임을 알 수 있었다. Polyimide 막 시스템을 이용한 CA 저장 공정의 가상적인 모형을 설정하고, 시스템의 조업시간에 따른 저장고의 질소농도를 예측할 수 있는 관계식을 제시하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2010

본 논문은 논어파인 완전궤환 비선형시스템에 대한 적응 신경망 제어기를 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 원래의 계통식을 새롭게 정의되는 상태변수에 대해서 표준 정규식으로 재구성하여 제어식을 구성함으로써 기존의 알고리듬에서 일반적으로 사용하는 백스태핑(backstepping)을 회피할 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 백스태핑을 회피함으로서 본 논문에서 제안하는 새로운 방법은 기존의 제어 알고리듬에 비해서 제어기 구조와 안정도 증명이 현저히 간략해 지게 되는 장점을 갖는다. 제안된 제어기는 미지의 이상 제어식을 근사화하기 위해서 오직 하나의 신경망만을 사용하며 이점 역시 기존의 제어알고리듬이 다수의 신경망을 사용하는 것과 구별되는 점이다. 모의실험을 통하여 제안된 알고리듬의 성능과 효율을 보인다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

The notion of a BCK-algebra with supremum (briefly, sBCK-algebra) is introduced, and several examples are given. Related properties are investigated. We show that every sBCK-algebra with an additional condition has the condition (S). The notion of a dry ideal of an sBCK-algebra is introduced. Conditions for an sBCK-algerba to be an spBCK-algebra are provided. We show that every sBCK-algebra satisfying additional condition is a semi-Brouwerian algebra.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

Let R be a 2-torsion free $\sigma$-prime ring with an involution $\sigma$, U a nonzero square closed $\sigma$-Lie ideal, Z(R) the center of Rand d a derivation of R. In this paper, it is proved that d = 0 or $U\;{\subseteq}\;Z(R)$ if one of the following conditions holds: (1) $d(xy)\;-\;xy\;{\in}\;Z(R)$ or $d(xy)\;-\;yx\;{\in}Z(R)$ for all x, $y\;{\in}\;U$. (2) $d(x)\;{\circ}\;d(y)\;=\;0$ or $d(x)\;{\circ}\;d(y)\;=\;x\;{\circ}\;y$ for all x, $y\;{\in}\;U$ and d commutes with $\sigma$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.508-511
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• 1990

The simple binary mixtures of pure phospholipids such as DPPC:DSPC and DPPC:DPPA were investigated with differential scanning calorimeter. The thermotropic properties of DPPC and DSPC mixtures did not deviate much from the ideal curves that was obtained on varying either the temperature or the relative proportions of phospholipids. This means that the two phospholipids are completely miscible in the liquid and solid phase. But the thermotropic properties of DPPC and DPPA mixture deviated much from the ideal phase diagram. It resulted from the repulsion between the head groups of acidic phospholipids. Heat capacity suggested by Harden McConell was calculated. The larger $C_p$ was, the sharper the endothermic peak became.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.659-663
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a rectification method that can convert ray space data obtained by controlled camera array to ideal data. Here, Ideal data is obtained by getting longitudinal and transversal epipolar line between cameras vertical and horizontal. However it is actually difficult to arrange cameras strictly because we arrange cameras by hand. As conventional method, we have use camera-calibration method. But if we use this method there are some errors on the output image. When we generate arbitrary viewpoint images this error is critical problem. We focus attention on ideal trajectory of characteristic point. And to minimize the error directly we parallelize the real one. And we showed usefulness of proposed technique. Then using the proposed technique, we were successful reducing the error to less than 0.5 pixels.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2000

In this study, condensation heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) of 2 nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures of HFC32/HFC134a and HFC134a/HCFC123 at various compositions were measured on a horizontal smooth tube. All data were taken at the vapor temperature of 39$^{\circ}C$ with a wall subcooling of 3~8K. Test results showed that HTCs of tested mixtures were 11.0~85.0% lower than the ideal values calculated by the mass fraction weighting of the pure components HTCs. Thermal resistance due to the diffusion vapor film was partly responsible for the significant reduction of HTCs with these nonazeotropic mixtures. The measured data were compared against the predicted ones by Colburn and Drew\`s film model and a good agreement was observed.