• Journal of National Security and Military Science
• /
• s.15
• /
• pp.57-86
• /
• 2018

The ROKAF has been training for a number of exercise for victory in the war, but the lack of aviation ammunition has become a big issue every year. However, due to the limitation of defense resources, there are many difficulties in securing and stockpiling ammunition for the war readiness. Therefore, there is a need to find a way to secure aviation ammunition for war readiness in a more economical way, so In this study, we analyze the precedent research case and the case of the reduction of the purchase cost of weapon system of other countries, and then I have suggested a plan that is appropriate for our situation. As a result of examining previous research cases for this study, there were data that KIDA studied in 2012, Precision-guided weapons acquisition cost reduction measures pursued by US Air Force And the use of procurement agencies that are being implemented by NATO member countries. Based on this study, the following four measures were proposed to reduce the purchase cost of aviation ammunition. First, the mutual aid support agreement was developed to sign the ammunition joint operation agreement. Second, join the NATO Support & Procurement Agency (NSPA) Third, it builds a purchasing community centered on the countries operating the same ammunition Fourth, participating in the US Air Force's new purchase plan for ammunition and purchase it jointly. The main contents of these four measures are as follows. 1. the mutual aid support agreement was developed to sign the ammunition joint operation agreement. Korea has signed agreements on mutual logistics support with 14 countries including the United States, Israel, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Taiwan. The main purpose of these agreements is mutual support of munitions and materials, also supporting the training of the peace time and promoting exchange and cooperation. However, it is expected that there will be many difficulties in requesting or supporting mutual support in actual situation because the target or scope of mutual aid of ammunition is not clearly specified. Thus, a separate agreement on the mutual co-operation of more specific and expanded concepts of aviation ammunition is needed based on the current mutual aid support agreements 2. join the NATO Support & Procurement Agency (NSPA) In the case of NATO, there is a system in which member countries purchase munitions at a low cost using munitions purchase agencies. It is the NATO Purchasing Agency (NSPA) whose mission is to receive the purchasing requirements of the Member Nations and to purchase them quickly and efficiently and effectively to the Member Nations. NSPA's business includes the Ammunition Support Partnership (ASP), which provides ammunition purchase and disarming services. Although Korea is not a member of NATO, NSPA is gradually expanding the scope of joint procurement of munitions, and it is expected that Korea will be able to join as a member. 3. it builds a purchasing community centered on the countries operating the same ammunition By benchmarking the NSPA system, this study suggested ways to build a purchasing community with countries such as Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Middle East. First, it is necessary to review prospectively how to purchase ammunition by constructing ammunition purchasing community centered on countries using same kind of ammunition. 4. participating in the US Air Force's new purchase plan for ammunition When developing or purchasing weapons systems, joint participation by several countries can reduce acquisition costs. Therefore, if the US Air Force is planning to acquire aviation ammunition by applying it to the purchase of aviation ammunition, we will be able to significantly reduce the purchase cost by participating in this plan. Finally, there are some limitations to the method presented in this study, but starting from this study, I hope that the research on these methods will be actively pursued in the future.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.111-125
• /
• 2011

Smartphone is becoming as a core device of mobile environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customer's buying decision on smartphone. Based on prior studies and cases, this study identifies network effect, switching cost, function, design, brand, after service, price as affecting factors of customer's buying decision on smartphone. It also aims to investigate the relationship between network effect/switching cost and re-purchasing. Result shows that network effect brand, after service are significantly related to customer's buying decision on smartphone by device types, but switching cost, function, design, price are not. Network effect also was found to be significantly related to the re-purchasing. The result of this study may provide a guideline of supply strategy with smartphone suppliers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2010

Since the cut-down of the purchasing price of the feed in tariff(FIT) in 2008, the numbers of photovoltaic projects get decreased, contrary to investment expansion policy of government on renewable energy. The root cause of the decrease is the irrationality of the current purchasing price structure of FIT as well as the adversity of fund raising due to the global financial crisis. This study proposes the FIT calculating model (Cost & Benefit Risk Based Purchase Price Process : CBRP3) reflecting the fluctuation of cost and benefit risks. The first step is to establish the photovoltaic generation alternatives, and to calculate each distribution data of the investment and the power generation quantity. The FIT for each alternative is, then, assessed through simulations. Finally the proposed FIT scheme is compared to the present FIT scheme and future study subjects are derived.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.318-327
• /
• 2002

The purposes of this study were to: a) examine charateristics of foodservice manaegment practices; b) investigate characteristics of recipients; c) analyze foodservice systems; and d) provide feedback for the efficient and effective foodservice management of welfare institutions for the homeless in Korea. A total of 27 sites was analyzed by questionnaire survey. Satatistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS package program for descriptive analysis. As results of site recipients' characteristics, 69% of total sites were males and 31% were female recipients. Average 60% of recipients were from 30 to 50 years old. Major diseases of recipients were high pressure, and obesity. According to the result of foodservice system analysis, the average meal cost per day was about 2,943 won and average food cost percentage was 29%. Average number of meals per day was about 600 meals. Mostl sites had one dietitian and 48.1% of sites had one cook as a full-time employee. In the part of procurement, dietitians were major chargers of sites for purchasing foods. Major purchasing method was the order and delivery contract. About a half of sites used cycle menu system and standardized recipies. Most of sites had recipients' survey systems for evaluating meal satisfaction. Dietitians at sites had problems on lack of cooking professionals and low meal cost budget for providing higher quality of foods to cure recipients. The results suggested that financial and systematical supports by the government would be very necessary to meet the goal of nutritional balanced meal services.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.486_487
• /
• 2009

This paper presents a method for optimal operation to improve reliability of MicroGrid systems considering load types and interruption cost. The objective functions such as power losses cost, operation cost of dispersed generations, power purchasing cost, and interruption cost are minimized for reliability improvement and efficient operation. The several indices for reliability evaluation are improved by renewable energy sources installation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 2011

The purposes of this study were to segment female consumers on the basis of their clothing image preference, and to investigate the clothing purchasing behaviors of each segmented market. The research method was a questionnaire survey and participants were 700 women aged from 20's to 60's in Daejeon and Chungnam province. The questionnaire consisted of items for clothing image preference, clothing purchasing behaviors and the participants' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test, ANOVA and the Scheff$\'{e}$ test. The results were as follows. Female consumers were divided into 7 types(sophisticated, natural, characteristic, elegant, active, feminine, and neat type) by clothing image preference. The 7 segmented market groups differed in many ways in terms of demographic characteristics and various clothing purchasing behaviors(clothing selection criteria, purchasing motives, fashion information sources, places of purchase, shopping frequency, and quantity and cost of purchases). The results of this study supported the view that clothing image preference can be a useful and effective variable for female market segmentation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.58 no.12
• /
• pp.2354-2358
• /
• 2009

Demand response (DR) can be used to improve the efficiency of electricity markets and increase the reliability of power systems. As more utilities attempt to reduce the purchasing costs by implementing DR programs strategically, there is an increasing need for studies of how to allocate the reduced purchasing costs among DR program participants. The rebates or incentives can be given to DR program participants in proportion to the participants' contributions to the reduced purchasing costs. This paper presents Shapley Value-based method to determine the DR program participants' contributions to the reduced purchasing costs. A numerical example is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.79-103
• /
• 2007

The main purpose of this study is to define antecedents that influence e-SCM synchronization and to investigate how it affects e-SCM performance. We, therefore, investigate (1) the impact of firms' internal IT planning capabilities on e-SCM synchronization and on SCM process management capability, (2) the impact of firms' internal IT infrastructure on e-SCM synchronization and on SCM process management capability, (3) the impact of firms' internal SCM process management capabilities on e-SCM synchronization, and finally (4) the impact of e-SCM synchronization on SCM performance. A survey has been administrated to the firms' SCM and marketing staffs and 171 returns analyzed. The results show that (1) IT plan has not direct impacts on e-SCM synchronization, but has direct impacts on organizational support, purchasing, and operations processes except logistics process. IT plan, however, has indirect impacts on e-SCM synchronization through purchasing and operations of SCM process management capability. (2) IT infrastructure has both direct and indirect effects on e-SCM synchronization, and also has direct impacts on organizational support, purchasing, and operations processes except logistics process. (3) SCM process management capabilities have direct impacts on e-SCM synchronization. Among these SCM core processes purchasing positively influences operations, which in turn positively influences logistics process management capability. (4) e-SCM synchronization has positive impacts on SCM performance indicator (SCOR), such as delivery reliability, responsiveness & flexibility, and cost. These results indicate that e-SCM synchronization can be critical to achieve better internal performance like cost and external performance like delivery reliability, responsiveness & flexibility of firms' SCM. In sum, this study demonstrates that the intervening role of e-SCM synchronization between e-SCM performance and IT management capability and between e-SCM performance and SCM core process management capability has been significant in achieving better e-SCM performance. Therefore, it can be suggested that e-SCM performance should be accomplished in consequence of the acceleration of e-SCM synchronization through the enhancement of preceding factors for the e-SCM synchronization.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.25 no.3 s.87
• /
• pp.119-135
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of digital stress that people experience and to investigate the effects of socio-economic variables on that. To collect data, structured questionnaire was developed and 1,200 questionnaires were distributed through internet. There were 2 dimensions in this study to examine digital stress. First dimension was about the devices themselves: computers and the other digital goods. Second dimension was about the time digital stress occurring in consumers' decision-making process: purchasing and using. Based on Yeo&Kim(2004), sub-dimensions of purchasing and using aspects were chosen. 5 sub-dimensions in purchasing side were new technology, cost, variety of alternatives, warranty service, and informational problem 6 sub-dimensions in using field were mal(or impaired)-functioning. physical aspects, immaturity in use, pressure to use, addiction to use, and informational problem. As independent variables, sex, age, educational level, digitalization acceptability and computer usability were used. The overall level of digital stress was around the average point which was not as high as expected. Digital stress of purchasing was higher than that of using. First, in purchasing aspects, the level of digital stress was relatively high in cost, variety of alternatives and warranty service. Hence, clear communications with consumers about the distinctive aspects and cost of digital devices in market are needed. Secondly, in using side, mal-functioning and physical aspects were relatively more powerful stressors. In the other words, the more serious problems were not from the characteristics of individual consumers but from those of products. Producers should put their best efforts to reduce imperfection (defectiveness) and develop user-friendly digital devices. Also, users' individual efforts to overcome the problems that can be solved privately are necessary. Finally, it was discovered that sex and computer usability were very important variables on digital stress. To extend computer usability of consumers and get over digital illiteracy, it is essential to expand the paths to give chances for people to contact with computers and other digital goods. Still there are lots of people whore computer-illiterate or low-skilled at computers. In policies or educational programs made by government, communities, or schools, more attention should be paid to the digitally vulnerable groups.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.2 no.5
• /
• pp.711-720
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purchase of special and cooking patterns of eggs. This survey was carried out through questionnaire and the subjects were 435 housewives whose children were middle or high school students in Kyunggi-do and Inchon. The results are summarized as follows : 1) As for age, 66.4% of subjects were 40 years or older. Also 57.1% of subjects received a high school education. As for occuption, full-time housewives accounted for 60.5%. Monthly family income of 39.1 % was 1-2 million won. As for monthly cost of food, 51.7% of subjects paid less than 500 thousand won. Also 40.2% of subjects lived in apartments. 2)Most housewives knew about the sale of special eggs. However, they perceived that the price of special eggs was expensive. 3) The higher their age, education level. household income and food cost, were, the more frequent their purchase of special eggs was. 4) The reason for their purchasing special eggs was in order of nutrition and freshness. 5) Most housewives didn't trust the brands of special eggs. 6) The most popular method of cooking eggs was fried-eggs. Therefore, it is necessary to provide cheap, fresh and nutritious special eggs. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 711∼720, 1997)