• 제목/요약/키워드: purchase risk

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인터넷 쇼핑에서의 지각된 위험과 신뢰가 지각된 유용성, 태도 및 패션상품 구매의도에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of the Perceived Risk, Trust of Internet Shopping on the Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, and Purchase Intention of the Fashion Merchandise)

  • 나윤규;홍병숙
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.834-845
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to find out the important factors and efficient strategies concerning Internet marketing. The areas of study interest are, the perceived risk, trust, usefulness, Shopping-mall attitude, and purchase intention. To fulfill this objectives, First, a survey was performed targeting customers with first-hand experience with fashion merchandise in Internet shopping-mall. Second, the improbability sampling method was used on aged from 20s to 40s, and the survey was performed over a one month period. A total of 806 questionnaires. The empirical studies were summarized as follows. First, the exchange/return/delivery risk and social/psychological risk had an effect on the perceived trust in Internet fashion shopping mall. Second, the perceived trust had an effect on the perceived usefulness, the attitude toward using and intention of repurchase in Internet fashion shopping mall. Third, the perceived usefulness had an effect on the attitude toward using and intention of repurchase in Internet fashion shopping mall. Forth, the attitude toward using had an effect on intention of repurchase in Internet fashion shopping mall.

인터넷 쇼핑몰의 사이트 특성과 사용자의 특성이 지각된 위험과 구매의도에 미치는 영향 (The Sequential Effects of Site and Customer Characteristics of Internet Shopping Malls on Perceived Risks and Purchase Intention)

  • 정승렬;강영신;이춘열
    • 정보처리학회논문지D
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    • 제14D권4호
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    • pp.407-420
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    • 2007
  • 최근까지 전자상거래 환경에서의 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구들이 많이 제시되었으나, 이들 요인들을 통합적으로 분석한 노력이 부족하였고, 특히 전자상거래가 활성화되면서 이용자들이 인식하기 시작한 위험성에 대한 심층적인 연구가 미흡하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 부분을 채우기 위한 노력의 일환으로 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서의 구매의도에 과연 사이트 특성 및 사용자 특성이 인지된 위험과 함께 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 서베이 방식의 필드 연구를 수행하였으며 수집된 자료는 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 사이트 특성과 이용자의 특성이 구매의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치기보다는 오히려 인지된 위험이 구매의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 전자상거래 환경에서 그간 소홀히 다루어져 왔던 이용자의 인지된 위험성이 실제 매우 중요한 요인이며 따라서 많은 연구가 진행될 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다.

인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향 (The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions)

  • 홍일유;김우성;임병하
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.

통신수단에 의한 의복구매시 예견되는 위험부담에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Role of Perceived Risk at the Purchase of Clothing through Mail Order)

  • 정명자;김문숙
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.81-90
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    • 1994
  • The purpose of this study is to understand the types of risk consumers feel when they shop at home and to compare their feelings with the perceived risk when they shop at stores and the kinds of clothing frequently purchased at home. For this study, the data were collected through the questionnaire distributed to 692 carried and unmarried women. The analysis was done through the t-test, ANOVA and regression. The results are as follows . 1) Compared to those shopping at stores, at-home shoppers perceived a higher risk in eight kinds of clothing. 2) Compared to shopping at stores, product performance risk, psychological risk and time loss risk increased dramatically Among these, the time loss risk showed the most noticeable increase. 3) When the perceived risk was low for a certain item, it was more often shopped at home. Among the perceived risk types, the lower the financial risk and the time loss risk, the item was more frequently shopped at home. 4) Together with store shopping, the perceived risks when shopping at home differed according the use of clothing. 5) The at-home purchase intentions were higher in the order of at-home wear, casual wear and dress/suit. The higher the price and the more important the fit was, shopping at home was more difficult.

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코로나19로 인한 사회적 위험지각이 대학생들의 화장품구매 행동에 미치는 영향연구 (A Study on the Influence of Social Risk Perception due to COVID-19 on Cosmetic Purchase Behavior of University Students)

  • 조혜연
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.631-641
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 코로나19로 인한 사회적 위험지각이 대학생들의 화장품구매 행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 설문을 통한 실증분석을 시행하였다. 요인분석(Factor analysis)을 통하여 요인을 추출하고 피어슨의 상관관계 분석(Pearson's correlation analysis)과 다중회귀분석(Multiple linear regression analysis)을 이용하여 요인별 상관관계와 변수가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 설문지 320부를 표본으로 하여 통계분석을 하였다. 연구 결과 코로나19에 대한 두려움이 높을수록 감염의 두려움, 생활의 변화, 경제위기에 대한 인식이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 과시적 구매, 상표 습관적 구매, 합리적 구매성향이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 생활의 변화가 많을수록 경제적 위기에 대한 인식이 높으며, 상표 습관적 구매, 합리적 구매 행동이 높아졌다. 감염의 두려움은 상표 습관적 구매에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 감염의 두려움과 생활의 변화는 합리적 구매 행동에 영향을 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

자기감시, 위험지각과 광고소구유형이 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 (A Study on the Degree of Self-Monitoring, Perceived Risk and the Appeal Types of Advertising Impact on Cosmetic Purchase Behavior)

  • 김윤;황선진
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.59-70
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    • 2000
  • The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the degree self-monitoring, perceived risk and the types of advertising in cosmetic purchase behavior. The data were obtained with an experimental design which was 2${\times}$(2${\times}$2) mixed factorial design. The subjects were classified 280 pre-test subjects into 70 high level of self-monitoring subjects and 70 low level of self-monitoring subjects. The data were analysed with ANOVA, using the SAS program. The result of this study can be summarized as follows ; In experimental I, the effect on the consumer preference was the significant 2-way interaction effects between the degree of the self-monitoring and appeal types of advertising as well as between the types of cosmetic products depending on perceived risk and appeal types of advertising. In experimental II, the effect on the consumer purchase intention was the significant 2-way interaction effects between the degree of the self-monitoring and appeal types of advertising as well as between the types of cosmetic products depending on perceived risk and appeal types of advertising.

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온라인 채널에서의 패션 소비에 관한 구매위험의 구조적 개념 연구 (A study on the conceptual structure of purchase risks in fashion consumption through online channels)

  • 안상희
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.496-511
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to create a theoretical structure for the concept of purchasing risks by identifying the structure of purchasing risks that lead to obstacles in the purchasing decisions of consumers in fashion consumption via online channels. This was a secondary research using books, articles, prior researches, and academic journals on the five topics of "characteristics of fashion consumption," "the concept of purchasing risks," "purchasing risks by product types," "purchasing risks by channel types," and "purchasing risks of fashion consumption on online shopping channels." According to the arguments of prior researches, the study divided the purchasing risks of fashion consumption through online shopping into four categories : (1) fundamental purchasing risks including financial risk and time loss risk pertaining to any product or channel, (2) online channel purchase risks, which include risks in payment, Information leaks, and delivery and return/exchange risk, (3) fashion product risk related to product quality or experience of other people, which includes social risks and risks associated with quality, and (4) the online channel${\times}$fashion product risks, which include the aesthetic and psychological hazards especially amplified in online channels. The four risk factors were then described with a concept map to systemize the multi-dimensional and stereoscopic psychological structure of purchasing risks. Of the four risk factors, consumers placed the most emphasis on the online channel${\times}$fashion product risks, hence, reducing this risk factor is of utmost priority for marketing of online shopping channels.

인터넷 쇼핑몰에서의 의류제품 구매행동에 관한 연구 -위험지각을 중심으로- (Apparel purchase behavior among internet shoppers -Focusing on perceived risks-)

  • 조영주;임숙자;이승희
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제25권7호
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    • pp.1247-1257
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    • 2001
  • The objectives of the study were to examine apparel purchasing behavior in internet shopping malls and the level of perceived risk when internet users purchase online. For this research, 15,000 internet users were given questionaries via E-mail, or special website online. The sum of 1958 questionaries were used for statistical analyses. Using, SAS package, factor analysis, Crobach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, $\chi$$^2$-test, frequency and multi-response analysis were performed. As the results, 19% out of internet users had bought apparel products through internet shopping malls. Men had more purchasing experiences in apparels as well as general products than women. Among apparel products, T-shirts/shirts were purchased the most by internet shoppers. For perceived risks, 6 factors(quality risk, time/convenience risk, size and appearance risk, privacy risk and social/psychological risk) were investigated for this study. The level of perceived risk was lower when people had a purchasing experience in internet shopping mall than when they didn't. The level of perceived risk was lower when people had purchasing intend about apparels than when they didn't. Based on these results, marketing strategies will be suggested.

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인터넷 쇼핑에서 인터넷 자기효능감의 역할 (The Role of Internet Self-efficacy in Internet Shopping)

  • 이호배;권남경
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.27-62
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 인터넷 쇼핑 시 소비자의 인터넷 자기효능감 정도가 특정 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서의 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 구체적으로 소비자의 인터넷 자기효능감이 특정 인터넷 쇼핑 웹사이트 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았고, 이과정에서 인터넷 자기효능감이 인터넷 이용이나 특정 웹사이트를 지속적으로 방문하고 이용하게 하는 플로우(flow)와 인터넷 쇼핑에서 구매를 꺼리게 하는 지각된 위험이 매개되어서 웹사이트에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석한 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째, 인터넷 자기효능감은 플로우(flow)에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 지각된 위험을 낮추는 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 인터넷 자기효능감이 높을수록 인터넷을 이용하면서 자발적 흥미를 더 느끼게 되고, 인터넷 쇼핑 구매에 대한 우려와 걱정을 나타내는 지각된 위험이 낮아지는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 플로우(flow)는 인터넷 쇼핑 사이트 태도에 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 지각된 위험은 인터넷 쇼핑 사이트 태도에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인터넷 쇼핑 사이트에 대한 웹사이트 태도는 구매의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 소비자가 인터넷 사용을 통해서 자발적 흥미를 느낄수록 인터넷쇼핑 사이트에 대한 태도가 호의적인 반면 소비자가 인터넷 쇼핑 사이트에 대해서 느끼는 위험이 클수록 그 사이트에 대한 태도는 비호의적임을 의미한다. 또한 인터넷 사이트에 대한 태도가 호의적일수록 그 사이트에서 구매할 의도는 높아진다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 끝으로, 인터넷 사이트에 대한 지각된 위험이 클수록 플로우(flow)에 부정적 영향을 미친다는 것은 밝혀지지 않았다.

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지속적 관여도 및 인지된 위험이 소비자의 온라인 상인선택 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 요구신뢰 수준 개념을 중심으로 (How Enduring Product Involvement and Perceived Risk Affect Consumers' Online Merchant Selection Process: The 'Required Trust Level' Perspective)

  • 홍일유;이정민;조휘형
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.29-52
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    • 2012
  • Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

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