• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.302-307
• /
• 2003

In the present study, we investigated the quality characteristic of old pumpkin extract treated with enzymes. As a results, all the groups treated with pectinase were better in quality characteristic than control group and the group treated with 0.15％(w/w) pectinase was specially great. All the groups treated with simultaneous pectinase and cellulase were higher in the extraction rate than the groups treated with pectinase or cellulase. The experimental groups were divided into non-treated control(I) and three treatment groups(II- IV) for optimum condition of enzyme treatment. The II and IV groups were treated with 0.15％(w/w) pectinase and 0.15％(w/w) cellulase, respectively, and the ill group was treated with both 0.15％(w/w) petinase and 0.05％(w/w) cellulase. Yield for old pumpkin extract of the III group (86.94％) was higher than that of other groups, but there were no significant difference among the groups in soluble solide content and pH of the extract. Reducing sugar and total sugar contents in the ill group were 2.81％ and 4.60％, respectively. Total carotene content in the II group (5.36 mg％) was higher than other groups. Old pumpkin extracts in all the groups showed nitrite-scavenging ability to pH 1.2, 3.0 and 4.0. Total free amino acid content in the III group (176.7 mg％) was higher than other groups. Citrulline contents in the II and III groups were detected 1.66 and 1.41 mg％, respectively but the contents in other groups were not detected.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.280-283
• /
• 2001

The effects of the water extracts from autumn pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Cucurbitaceae) were evaluated on inflammation induced by carrageenan and hyperlipidemia induced by lipid rich diet, respectively in rats. The water extracts, when administered orally showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in rats treated with 1%-carrageenan and also anti-hyperlipidemia in rats treated with lipid rich diet(15% cholesterol, 1% sodium cholate and 84% corn oil).

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2007

Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18), glyoxalase-I(EC 4.4.1.5) and alliin lyase(alliinase, EC 4.4.1.4) are important enzyme systems in plant bodies. The first two are mainly detoxifying enzymes that utilize glutathione(GSH) in the defense mechanism, and the last one is mainly involved in secondary metabolism and relevant to sulfur compounds derived from GSH. The activities of the three enzymes have been investigated in soluble extracts of vegetable crops, including pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, mungbean, and onion. GST activities were detected in all of the vegetables, and the extract of onion bulb exhibited the highest specific activity(648 nmol/min/mgP). The putative GSTs of most of the vegetables were found to be induced by ethanol. The activities of GSTs in onion bulb were found to be markedly inhibited by S-hexyl glutathione and were also inhibited by S-butyl glutathione and S-propyl glutathione. The anti-CmGSTF1 antiserum recognized a thick band for putative onion GST. The estimated glyoxalase-I activity level was also high in onion bulb(4540 nmol/min/mgP), indicating that the thick band detected by Western blot analysis might result from partial recognition of glyoxalase-I by the antiserum. The specific activities for glyoxalase-I were moderate in radish and carrot, and the extracts of other vegetables had rather low levels of activities. The extract of onion also showed the highest specific activity level for alliinase(2069nmol pyruvate/mgP). The extracts of other vegetables also had alliinase activities, although the estimated values were much lower than that of onion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of vegetable extracts (pumpkin, aloe, and artichoke) containing Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) and the clinical and pathological changes in ICR mice after a single oral administration. The total polyphenol (TP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance activity (ORAC), and single cell gel electrophoresis assay were done to measure their antioxidant activities. The effect of vegetable extracts containing PB in TP and the ORAC value was significantly higher than those without PB. In addition, all extracts had effective $DPPH{\cdot}$ scavenging and $ABTS{\cdot}+$ scavenging activities. The protective effect of vegetable extracts with/without PB on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage was found. In a single-dose toxicity study, mortality, body weight, physiological signs, and biochemical analysis were analyzed. Seventy mice were randomly assigned to 7 experimental groups and were administered three vegetable extracts with and without PB (2 g/kg). A full 14 days after administration, no mice mortality was observed in any group. Body weight, physiological signs, and biochemical analysis were never significantly different from those of the control group. Taken together, these findings indicate that vegetable extracts containing PB with antioxidant activities and safety could be applied as medicinal and edible resources in an industrial area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.790-794
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological properties and pyrrolizidine alkaloids of comfrey cultivating in Korea. 12 comfrey samples cultivation in Korea was selected and their appearance (whole plant, leaves, root etc.) were observed by expert and microscopy for morphological analysis. It is confirmed that their species are Symphytum officinale Linnaeus. Samples were extracted by hot MeOH and ultra-sonification. Their extracts contained pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which was identified by TLC analysis. By spraying thin-layer chromatograms of pyrrolizidine alkaloids stable purple spots were developed. But the extracts of chicory, pumpkin and sesame leaves did not show any purple spots. Same HPLC pattern were displayed at about 30 min of retention show peaks an one and the same time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2011

This study investigated the antioxidant effects and physiological activities of extract from various parts of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) such as leaf, flesh, skin and seed. Different dried parts of C. moschata were boiled in ethanol for three hours, evaporated, and lyophilized with a freeze-dryer. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in leaf ($29.62{\pm}0.88mg$ GAE/g DM). The same result was observed in the measurement of the flavonoid content. The leaf extract of C. moschata had stronger DPPH radical-scavenging activities and ABTS-radical scavenging activities than any other part. Leaf extract of C. moschata was found to have the highest ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value. Meanwhile, at 0.1 mg/mL of all extracts higher degree of tyrosinase inhibitory effects than kojic acid was observed (leaf; 49.58%, flesh; 40.20%, skin; 41.30%, seed; 36.79% and kojic acid; 20.70%). The glycation inhibitory activity decreased in the order leaf>skin>flesh>seed. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of seed extract was the highest with a value of 63.58% at the concentration of 1 mg/mL.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.776-784
• /
• 2014

Korean dishes, Hansik are characterized by healthful vegetable intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of commonly consumed vegetables by Koreans on obesity/metabolic disease-related inflammation. Through statistical analysis of the KNHANES database ($1^{st}$ 1998, $5^{th}$ 2010, 2011) and a literature review, we selected vegetables for study. Among the vegetables, main or sub ingredients of Kimchi were excluded. Samples were prepared using only edible portions and freeze-dried. After grinding, samples were extracted with ethanol, evaporated and finally lyophilized. The cytotoxicity of samples was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, at various concentrations that do not affect cell viability. Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 11 kinds of samples or positive control (troglitazone) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). After 24 hours, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production were determined. Excepts for young pumpkin and bracken, nine samples effectively reduced NO production compared with control treated with LPS and DMSO. NO levels of five samples (bean sprouts, leeks, eggplant, mugwort, and pumpkin) were similar to that of the positive control. These five samples showed significantly decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ or MCP-1 compared to the control group. Our results suggest that consumption of commonly consumed vegetables contributes to partial prevention of obesity and related metabolic syndrome through reduction of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, and MCP-1 production.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1122-1128
• /
• 2017

Pumpkin has long been used as traditional health materials in oriental medicine, pharmacy, medicine, and food industries in many countries. In this study, the water extract and two active components from tendril of young C. moschata Duch. were investigated on inflammation inhibitory activity. The water extract of young C. moschata Duch. showed high cell viability over 95% and it decreased the production of interlukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$) in the capacity of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Also, isolated fraction (B4) suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. Among the domestically cultivated pumpkins, B4 fraction contained in the tendril part of them and it comprised of the order of tendril from Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica, old of C. moschata Duch., and young of C. moschata Duch. These results suggest that water extracts of C. moschata Duch. and purified active compound, rutin, show anti-inflammation activity by suppression of the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. It can be applicable as pharmaceutical materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1053-1059
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to estimate the content of antioxidant components and investigate the antioxidative activity of mustard leaf kimchi added pumpkin powder (P) and green tea powder (G). Mustard leaf kimchi added different ratios of P and G were prepared and fermented for 30 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ (properly fermented time). The contents of chlorophyll, total phenol, carotenoids and ascorbic acid in mustard leaf kimchi samples were estimated. The 30 day fermented mustard leaf kimchi added 0.3% P and 0.2% G had relatively higher content of antioxidant components than the other kimchi samples. Based on this result, antioxidative activities of mustard leaf kimchi added 0.3% P and 0.2% G and control kimchi were investigated, that is, methanol extracts of the mustard leaf kimchi samples were prepared and investigated the antioxidative activities. The antioxidative activity of mustard leaf kimchi added 0.3% P and 0.2% G was significantly (p<0,05) higher than control kimchi, and that of the 30 day fermented mustard leaf kimchi at 5$^{\circ}C$ was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than the fresh mustard leaf kimchi. Therefore, it is suggested that antioxidative activity of the 30 day fermented mustard leaf kimchi added 0.3% P and 0.2% G at 5$^{\circ}C$ was the best compared to the other kimchi samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.449-454
• /
• 2010

Extraction characteristics of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and the functional properties of the corresponding extracts were monitored by the response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum electron donating ability was found as 24.57% at the conditions of 33.13 watt microwave power, 53.67% ethanol concentration and 3.76 min extraction time. The maximum tyrosinase inhibition was 96.59% at 56.21 watt, 68.02% and 7.97 min. The SOD-like activity was 45.57% at 36.00 watt, 71.51% and 5.28 min. The total polyphenol content was 85.02% at 127.39 watt, 76.18% and 2.68 min. Based on superimposition of four dimensional RSM with respect to electron donating ability, tyrosinase inhibition, SOD-like activity and total polyphenol contents obtained under the various extraction conditions, the optimum ranges of extraction conditions were found to be microwave power of 72~144 watt, ethanol concentration of 0~38% and extraction time of 6~9 min.