• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2015

Aerodynamic flow control phenomena were investigated with a low-current DC surface discharge plasma actuator. The plasma actuator was found to operate in three different discharge modes with similar discharge currents of about 1 mA or less. Stable continuous DC discharge without audible noise was obtained at higher ballast resistances and lower discharge currents. However, even with continuous DC power input, a low-frequency self-pulsed discharge was obtained at lower ballast resistances, and a high-frequency self-pulsed discharge was obtained at higher set-point currents and higher ballast resistances, both with audible noise. The Schlieren image reveals that the low-frequency self-pulsed mode produces a synthetic jet-like flow implying that a gas heating effect plays a role, even though the discharge current is small. The high-frequency self-pulsed mode produces pulsed jets in a tangent direction, and the continuous DC mode produces a steady straight pressure wave. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) images reveal that the induced flow field by the low-frequency self-pulsed mode has flow propagating in the radial direction and centered between the electrodes. The high-frequency self-pulsed mode and continuous DC mode produce flow from the anode to the cathode. The perturbed region downstream of the cathode is larger in the high-frequency self-pulsed mode with similar maximum speeds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

This paper discussed the theoretical simulation results for developing the blumlein pulsed power source and showed the circuit configuration and the discharge characteristics of the realistic manufactured pulsed power system. In the simulation, the output voltage characteristics at a load resistor showed the general impulse shape when the impedance of a single coaxial cable is matched with the that of a load resistor. In addition, it is confirmed that output values of the pulsed power can be easily controlled by the duplication of coaxial cables and the pulsed waveform showed the general impulse characteristics. Specifically, the inception discharge voltage in the gap distance of 5[mm] between needle and plane electrodes is about 20[kV] and which is lower than about 29[kV] in 9[mm] due to the difference of the reaching time of the inception voltage. Therefore, this paper showed that the output voltage of the blumlein pulsed power source can be easily controlled.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.591-594
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• 2012

Effect of pulsed power was investigated on fruit body formation of 10 edible mushrooms, Lentinula edodes, Glifola frondosa, Pholiota nameko, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus abalonus, Agrocybe cylindracea and Sparassis crispa. Pulsed power of 100-170 kV was directly charged to the substrate just before fructification. The effect of the pulsed power resulted to promote for 10 edible mushrooms fructification. The treatment especially stimulated the fructification on Pleurotus species.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 1996

The electromigration phenomena and the characterizations of the conductor lifetime (Time-To-Failure, TTF) in Al-1%Si thin film interconnections under D.C. and Pulsed D.C. conditions were investigated . Meander type test patterns were fabricated with the dimensions of 21080$mu \textrm{m}$ length, 3$\mu\textrm{m}$ width, 0.7$\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness and the 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$/0.8$\mu\textrm{m}$($SiO_2$/PSG)dielectric overlayer. The current densities of $2 \times10^6 A/\textrm{cm}^2$ and $1 \times10^7 A/\textrm{cm}^2$ were stressed in Al-1%Si thin film interconnection s under a D.C. condition. The peak current densities of $2 \times10^6 A/\textrm{cm}^2$ and $1 \times10^7 A/\textrm{cm}^2$ were also applied under a Pulsed D.C. condition at frequencies of 200KHz, 800KHz, 1MHz, and 4MHz with the duty factor of 0.5. THe time-to-failure under a Pulsed D.C.($TTF_{pulsed D.C}$) was appeared to be larger than that under a D.C. condition. It was found that the TTF under both a D.C. and a Pulsed D.C. condition. It was found that the TTF under both a D.C. and a Pulsed D.C. condition largely depends upon the appiled current densities respectively . This can be explained by a relaxation mechanism view due to a duty cycle under a Pulsed D.C. related to the wave on off. The relaxation phenomena during the pulsed off period result in the decayof excess vacancies generated in the Al-1%Si thin film interconnections because of the electrical and mechanical stress gradient . Hillocks and voids formed by an electromigration were observed by using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy).

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.217-218
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• 2003

A noncoherent, broadband, intense pulsed light source has been used for the symptoms of photoaging skin as a nonablative method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of intense pulsed light in solar lentigines and ephelides on the face. An open study was performed in patients with solar lentigines and ephelides who received three to five treatments of intense pulsed light. Forty-eight percent of patients had more than 50% improvement and 20% had more than 75% improvement. In the group of solar lentigines, 40% of patients showed more than 50% improvement and 16% did more than 75% improvement. Patients with solar 1entigines＋ephelides and ephelides responded remarkably with 75% and 71 % of patients having more than 50% improvement, respectively. Intense pulsed light was well tolerated and may be a new modality for the therapy of solar lentigines and ephelides.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.433-440
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• 2002

Synthesis and compaction of Al-base nano powders by pulsed discharge method were investigated. The aluminum based powders with 50 to 200 nm of diameter were produced by pulsed wire evaporation method. The powders were covered with very thin oxide layer. The perspective process for the compaction and sintering of nanostructured metal-based materials stable in a wide temperature range can be seen in the densification of nano-sized metal powders with uniformly distributed hard ceramic particles. The promising approach lies in utilization of natural uniform mixtures of metal and ceramic phases, e.g. partially oxidized metal powders as fabricated in our synthesis method. Their particles consist of metal grains coated with oxide films. To construct a metal-matrix material from such powder, it is necessary to destroy the hard oxide coatings of particles during the compaction process. This goal was realized in our experiments with intensive magnetic pulsed compaction of aluminum nanopowders passivated in air.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

Micro fabrication technologies of aluminium have been required to satisfy many demands in technology fields. Pulsed laser beam machining can be an alternative method to accomplish the micro machining of aluminium. Pulsed laser beam can be applied to micro machining such as micro drilling and milling. Using pulsed laser beam, the machining characteristics of aluminium in micro drilling and milling were investigated according to average power, repetition rate, moving speed of spot. The laser beam machining with the optimal conditions can achieve precise micro figures. As a result, micro pattern, text and structures on aluminium surface was successfully fabricated by pulsed laser beam machining.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2017

Single phase niobium nitride (NbN) coatings were deposited using asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc sputtering by varying pulse frequency and duty cycle of pulsed plasmas. Crystal structure, microstructure, morphology and mechanical properties were examined using XRD, FE-SEM, AFM and nanoindentation. Upon increasing pulse frequencies and decreasing duty cycles, the coating morphology was changed from a pyramidal-shaped columnar structure to a round-shaped dense structure with finer grains. Asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc sputtered NbN coatings deposited at pulse frequency of 25 kHz is characterized by higher hardness up to 17.4 GPa, elastic modulus up to 193.9 GPa, residual compressive stress and a smaller grain size down to 27.5 nm compared with dc sputtered NbN coatings at pulse frequency of 0 kHz. The results suggest that the asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc sputtering technique is very beneficial to reactive deposition of transition-metal nitrides such as NbN coatings.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

In this study, spray characteristics research of steady/pulsed injection in crossflow was performed experimentally in the model ramjet combustor. High-speed-camera photography was performed through a visualization window of model combustor, and then, steady and pulsed spray structures were observed and analyzed. Varying influx air temperature and fuel species, we could obtain the trajectory correlation in the steady injection case. In the experiment of pulsed injection, it is found that the pulsed frequency hardly influences spray trajectory. Also, it is found that, in the same injection pressure differential, the trajectory correlation of steady condition can be used for estimating pulsed spray trajectory.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.612-619
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• 2011

This paper presents a water treatment system for leachate from sewage-filled ground that uses a pulsed-power modulator developed based on semiconductor switches in order to realize a long life, a high repetition rate, and a fast rising time. The specifications of the developed pulsed-power modulator are the pulsed output voltage, the output current, the pulse repetition rate (PRR), the pulse width, and an average output power of $60\;kV_{max}$, $300\;A_{max}$, 3000, $50\;{\mu}s$, and 15 kW, respectively. The pulsed-power water treatment system was introduced and analyzed using an equivalent electrical circuit model to optimize the output voltage waveform. The experimental results verify that the proposed water treatment system can be effectively used for industrial applications.