• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

PURPOSE: Sitting with crossed legs may have an effect on maintaining a healthy body posture and proper functioning of the respiratory system. Thus, this study's objective was to identify whether or not sitting with crossed legs affects the vertebral angle, chest wall mobility, the pulmonary function, and the activity of the respiratory muscles. METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects were recruited for this study (16 males and 14 females). The vertebral angle, chest wall mobility, pulmonary function, and the activity of the respiratory muscle were measured while the subjects sat in the correct posture and these factors were again measured with the subjects seated with their legs crossed. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to determine the trunk and lumbar vertebral angles. Surface electromyography was employed to measure the sternocleidomastoid, the rectus abdominis, and the external and internal oblique abdominis muscles. A tapeline was utilized to evaluate the subjects' chest wall mobility. Spirometry was assessed to determine the forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second. Paired t-tests were then performed (p<.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences in the trunk and lumbar flexion angles, the chest wall mobility, the activity of the right external oblique muscle, and the left internal oblique abdominis muscle. However, the difference in pulmonary function did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: A crossed leg posture caused slight thoracic extension and lumbar flexion, which may lead to a decrease of the chest wall mobility and also to an imbalance of the abdominal muscles. Therefore, sitting with a crossed leg posture should be avoided. Yet a crossed leg posture did not have any clinical effect on the pulmonary function of healthy people. It may be necessary to study the effects of sitting with crossed legs over an extended period of time for patients suffering with impaired respiratory function.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a breathing exercise intervention by measuring pulmonary function test (PFT) three times; preoperative, 3rd and 5th day after operation. Methods: This study was designed as a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 55 patients with lung cancer were recruited from a Chonnam university hospital in Hawsun-gun, Korea from January to December 2008. Results: 'Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)' and 'Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second $(FEV_1)$' were significantly improved in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: Breathing exercise intervention was found to be effective in improving pulmonary function among lung cancer patients underwent lung lobectomy. Thus, the breathing exercise can be applied in hospitals and communities for patients with lung cancer as one of the nursing intervention modalities for their better postoperative rehabilitation.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

Both flow visualizations and computational fluid dynamics were performed to determine hemodynamics in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) model for surgically correcting congenital heart defects. From magnetic resonance images, an anatomically correct glass model was fabricated to visualize steady flow. The total flow rates were 4, 6 and 8L/min and flow rates from SVC and IVC were 40:60. The flow split ratio between LPA and RPA was varied by 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. A pressure-based finite-volume software was used to solve steady flow dynamics in TCPC models. Results showed that superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) flow merged directly to the intra-atrial conduit, creating two large vortices. Significant swirl motions were observed in the intra-atrial conduit and pulmonary arteries. Flow collision or swirling flow resulted in energy loss in TCPC models. In addition, a large intra-atrial channel or a sharp bend in TCPC geometries could influence on energy losses. Energy conservation was efficient when flow rates in pulmonary branches were balanced. In order to increase energy efficiency in Fontan operations, it is necessary to remove a flow collision in the intra-atrial channel and a sharp bend in the pulmonary bifurcation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.597-607
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• 2002

Background : Even though it is well known that pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity, and the quality of life, in patients with chronic lung diseases, not many patients can attend hospital based intensive PR in Korea. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for a home-based PR program, and study its effectiveness. Materials and Methods : Twenty patients with chronic lung diseases were randomly divided into two groups : a home PR group comprising of 10 male patients, with a mean age of 70 years, and a control group comprising of 10 male patients, with a mean age of 65 years. We developed exercise programs, depending on the exercise capacity of each patient, which were easy to do at home. The PR program consisted of a 12 week period of enforced aerobic (mostly walking) and muscle strengthening exercises, as prescribed by the exercise specialist, in accordance with the functional capacity of the patient. In addition to the education, nutritional and psychiatric consultation was undertaken, and respiratory muscle training arranged. Patients visited hospital every 2 weeks for evaluation and exercise prescription. Results : All patients finished the 12 week course of therapy. Following the home PR, the endurance times and work capacity of the upper and lower extremities were significantly increased in the treatment group in comparison to the controls. The six minute working (Eds note:should) 'working' read "walking"?) distance was increased from $465{\pm}60m$ to $508{\pm}37m$ and the maximal inspiratory pressure from $72.8{\pm}27.2cmH_2O$ to $91.4{\pm}30.9cmH_2O$. The quality of life, as assessed by St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), was also improved following PR. (Eds note:do you have figures for before and after, and a reference for the SGRQ?i.e. for the main paper.) Conclusion : The home PR program we developed seemed to be applicable, and effective, to most of the patients with chronic lung diseases in this study.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

PURPOSE: To prevent secondary complications from decreased pulmonary functions and promote neurological recovery, identification of respiratory capacity change patterns depending on different postures of stroke patients and investigation of their properties are needed for active rehabilitation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in vital capacity in response to different positions and to implement the results as clinical data. METHODS: A respiratory function test was administered to 52 patients with stroke in the sitting, supine, paretic side lying, and non-paretic side lying positions. Pulmonary function indexes used for comparison were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF 25-75%), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). One-way repeated ANOVA was used for analysis, and post hoc analysis was conducted using least significant difference (LSD). RESULTS: All pulmonary function indexes were measured in the order of sitting, paretic side lying, supine, and non-paretic side lying positions. Excluding the FEF25-75% and MVV of the supine compared with the paretic side lying position, all other pulmonary function indexes differed significantly (p<.05). CONCLUSION: There are differences in pulmonary function indexes depending on different postures of stroke patients, and the study showed that the non-paretic side lying position yielded the greatest effect on lung ventilation mechanisms. Based on these results, appropriate postures need to be considered during physical therapy interventions for stroke patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2018

Background: Research efforts to improve the pulmonary function of children with cerebral palsy (CP) need to focus on their decreased diaphragmatic ability compared to normal children. Real-time ultrasonography is appropriate for demonstrating diaphragmatic mechanisms. Objects: This study aimed to compare diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength between normal children and children with CP by using ultrasonography M-mode. The correlation between general characteristics, diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength was also studied. Methods: The subjects of this study were 25 normal and 25 CP children between five and 14 years of age. Diaphragm movement was measured using real-time ultrasonography during quiet and deep breathing. Pulmonary function (such as forced expiratory volume in one second; FEV1 and peak expiratory flow; PEF) and pulmonary strength (such as maximum inspiratory pressure; MIP and maximum expiratory pressure; MEP) were measured. A paired t-test and Spearman's Rho test, with a significance level of .05, were used for statistical analysis. Results: The between-group comparison revealed that normal children had significantly greater diaphragm movement, FEV1, PEF, MIP, and MEP (p<.05) than CP children. The results showed that general characteristics were significantly related to FEV1, PEF, MIP, and MEP (p<.05). Conclusion: In clinical settings, clinicians need to concern decreased diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength in CP group compared to normal children.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data to propose further directions of education on rehabilitation nursing by investigating the adequacy of the educational contents of rehabilitation nursing. This study was a descriptive survey study. The data collected at 25 universities and 24 junior colleges through questionnaires to answer the research questions from August 10 to September 30, 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 24 items. The contents of rehabilitation nursing education were developed by consulting with the rehabilitation nursing professionals. The results are as follows Rehabilitation nursing was taught as an independent class in 15 universities and 9 junior colleges. Most professors majoring in adult nursing (66.8%) were in charge of teaching the courses. For the adequacy of the teaching contents of rehabilitation nursing, conceptual bases for rehabilitation was the highest score (4.0), and interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, activities of daily living, clients of rehabilitation, nursing process in rehabilitation nursing, functional evaluation, movement and mobility, physical therapy, occupational therapy, sensation and perception, communication/language, eating and swallowing, bladder elimination, community based rehabilitation nursing, sleep, rest &, fatigue, bowel elimination, historical perspectives of rehabilitation nursing, sexuality, pulmonary rehabilitation, pain, cardiac rehabilitation, skin integrity, family care was ordered.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to identify the clinical usefulness, validity, and reliability of the Spirokit, a device that combines the pulmonary function test (PFT) and respiratory muscle strength (RMS) test. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty young adults (male: 23, female: 17) participated in a PFT and a RMS test. The concurrent validity for pulmonary function was assessed by comparing data obtained from MicroQuark and the Spirokit and the agreements between the MicroRPM and the Spirokit for RMS were compared. The test-retest reliability of the Spirokit was determined by comparing data obtained from the first and second sessions. The test and retest were performed at the same time after one day for the PFT and RMS test. Validity was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and by calculating 95% limits of agreement (LoA). To estimate interrater reliability, ICCs were calculated. Results: The Spirokit showed a high agreement intra class coefficient (ICC [2, 1]): 0.978-0.999, 95% limits of agreements (95% LOA): -0.798 to 0.847 with MicroQuark. It also showed a high level of concordance ICC (2, 1): 0.992 to 0.993, 95% LOA: -9.313 to 11.169 with MicroRPM. The test-retest reliability of the Spirokit was analyzed using ICC (2, 1), and showed a high level of reliability (ICC [2,1]=0.960 to 0.998). Standard error of measurement % (SEM%) was 0.12% to 3.39%, and minimum detectable change% (MDC%) was 0.02% to 3.79%, indicating high level of reliability. Conclusions: The Spirokit is a device with high validity and reliability that can be used to simultaneously measure PFT and RMS tests.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training and respiratory muscle endurance training on pulmonary function and activity in chronic stroke patients. Methods: The participants were 25 chronic stroke patients. They were assigned to two groups: a PNF and respiratory muscle training group (experimental group; n = 12) and a conservative training group (control group; n = 13). The experimental group completed 50 minutes (30 minutes of conventional physical therapy, 10 minutes of PNF training, and 10 minutes of respiratory muscle endurance training). The control group also completed 50 minutes (30 minutes of conventional physical therapy and 20 minutes on a full-body workout machine). Pulmonary function and activity were measured before and after the intervention, using Cosmed to analyze pulmonary function and 6MWT as clinical evaluation indicators. Results: Both groups showed significant within-group differences on all tests before and after the intervention; the experimental group showed greater improvement on all tests. Conclusion: The findings confirm that PNF training and respiratory muscle endurance training have a positive effect on pulmonary function and activity index in chronic stroke patients.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.43-44
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• 2009