• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.530-534
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• 2010

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 gene polymorphisms are thought to be involved in the metabolism of theophylline (TP). We aimed to investigate the effect of CYP1A2*1C, CYP1A2*1D, CYP1A2*1E, and CYP1A2*1F polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 on TP metabolism by PCR-RFLP in 100 Turkish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving TP. One hundred and one healthy volunteers were included as control group. The genotype frequencies of the CYP1A2*1D and CYP1A2*1F were found to be significantly different in the patients compared to the controls. The "T" allele at -2467 delT and the "C" allele at -163 C > A in the CYP1A2 displayed association with a significantly increased risk for COPD. "T" allele at -2467 delT was also associated with a high risk of disease severity in COPD. In conclusion, our data suggest that genetic alterations in CYP1A2 may play a role both in the pharmacogenetics of TP and in the development of COPD.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to measure fatigue as an objective index, depression and health-related quality of life of patients with COPD in daily life, to understand the correlation between them, and to present reasons for using the results clinically. Methods: This study is intended to evaluate and compare depression, the health-related quality of life of each group after measuring lactic acid levels of 39 male patients with COPD, and dividing those with measurement values than the normal value into the experimental group, and those with normal values into the control group. Results: When comparing depression between the experimental group and the control group, it was measured at 10.38 in the experimental group, and at 7.00 in the control group (p<0.05). Health-related quality of life between the experimental group and the control group was measured at 51.8 in the experimental group, and at 48.67 in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results described above, it appears that patients with COPD have adapted to their disease in some degree for a long period of time, and they are physically and psychologically adjusting to the fatigue they experience, in their own ways of adapting. These results imply that improving physical activity is associated with relief of fatigue and improvement of the quality of life. Thus, there is a need for developing and researching an exercise program and a physical therapy intervention for enhancement of physical activity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.239-240
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• 2006

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 1994

만성 폐쇄성 폐질환(COPD)은 하부 기도 즉 말초기도의 지속적인 미만성 폐쇄로 인하여 불가역성 기류폐쇄를 나타내는 질환을 말하며, 임상적으로 만성 기관지염과 폐기종으로 분류할 수 있으나, 이들은 기능적으로나 병리적으로 서로 중첩되어 임상적으로 명확하게 구별할 수 없기 때문에 만성적, 비특이적으로 진행하는 기류폐쇄의 포괄적인 용어로 COPD를 사용한다. COPD의 특징적인 병리변화는 소기도 즉 막성 세기관지염과 호흡세기관지염이며, 호흡세기관지염을 동반하는 폐기종의 중증도가 기류폐쇄의 정도를 결정하는 중요한 인자로 작용한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.434-441
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• 2010

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem resulting in significant burden for patients and families. However, family caregivers' burden has not been well recognized. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of caregivers' burden and to explore the related factors based on family, patient, and social support factors. Methods: A face-to-face interview with 86 family caregivers who had been taking care of COPD patients was conducted. The participants answered a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included the level of family caregivers' burden, health status and the relationship within the family, functional limitation of patients perceived by family caregivers and the social support. Results: The level of caregivers' burden among participants was considerably high. Risk factors for caregivers' burden included low educational level of family caregivers, low family income, hours of caregiving, and functional limitation of the patients. Protective factors for caregivers' burden were good relationship within the family and support from other family members or friends. Conclusion: It is proved that family caregivers are facing significant burden in taking care of COPD patients. To reduce family caregivers' burden, it is necessary to address socioeconomic status of the family and to provide various community resources including financial support and nursing services.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2021

Background: Many chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients receiving monotherapy continue to experience symptoms, exacerbations and poor quality of life. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of direct switch from once-daily tiotropium (TIO) 18 ㎍ to indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) 110/50 ㎍ once daily in COPD patients in Korea. Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, parallel group, 12-week trial in mild-to-moderate COPD patients who received TIO 18 ㎍ once daily for ≥12 weeks prior to study initiation. Patients aged ≥40 years, with predicted post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) ≥50%, post-bronchodilator FEV₁/forced vital capacity <0.7 and smoking history of ≥10 pack-years were included. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either IND/GLY or TIO. The primary objective was to demonstrate superiority of IND/GLY over TIO in pre-dose trough FEV₁ at week 12. Secondary endpoints included transition dyspnea index (TDI) focal score, COPD assessment test (CAT) total score, and rescue medication use following the 12-week treatment, and safety assessment. Results: Of the 442 patients screened, 379 were randomized and 347 completed the study. IND/GLY demonstrated superiority in pre-dose trough FEV₁ versus TIO at week 12 (least squares mean treatment difference [Δ], 50 mL; p=0.013). Also, numerical improvements were observed with IND/GLY in the TDI focal score (Δ, 0.31), CAT total score (Δ, -0.81), and rescue medication use (Δ, -0.09 puffs/day). Both treatments were well tolerated by patients. Conclusion: A direct switch from TIO to IND/GLY provided improvements in lung function and other patient-reported outcomes with an acceptable safety profile in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2010

Smoking is the most important risk factor of many pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, cardiovascular disorders and other malignancies. Therefore, smoking cessation is a practical way to prevent and treat smoking-related diseases. Also, the clinicians who care the patients with smoking-related disease should pay attention to it. This article reviews briefly recent publications focused on the influence of smoking cessation in some smoking-related diseases and strategies to improve smoking cessation such as pharmacotherapy or systemic behavioral approach programs. In addition, it reviews personalized therapy based on gene typing for smoking cessation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2022

Globally, thousands of patients undergo lung transplantation owing to end-stage lung disease each year. As lung transplantation evolves, recommendations and indications are constantly being updated. In 2021, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation published a new consensus document for selecting candidates for lung transplantation. However, it is still difficult to determine appropriate candidates for lung transplantation among patients with complex medical conditions and various diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze each patient's overall situation and medical condition from various perspectives, and ongoing efforts to optimize the analysis will be necessary. The purpose of this study is to review the extant literature and discuss recent updates.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2020

Particulate matter (PM) is suspended dust that has a diameter of <10 ㎛ and can be inhaled by humans and deposited in the lungs, particularly the alveoli. Recent studies have shown that PM has an adverse effect on respiratory diseases. The aim of this article is to review respiratory diseases associated with PM. According to existing studies, PM is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, and several other respiratory diseases and increases the mortality rates of these diseases. Moreover, increased exposure in the high concentration of atmospheric PM is associated with the development of lung cancer. The most simple and common way to protect an individual from airborne PM is to wear a face mask that filters out PM. In areas of high concentration PM, it is recommended to wear a face mask to minimize the exposure to PM. However, the use of N95 or KF94 masks can interfere with respiration in patients with chronic respiratory diseases who exhibit low pulmonary function, leading to an increased risk of respiratory failure. Conclusionally, reduction of the total amount of PM is considered to be important factor and strengthening the national warning notification system to vulnerable patients and proper early management of exacerbated patients will be needed in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.410-422
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between knowledge related to disease(KRD), illness attitude, and quality of life(QOL) in relation to the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD). According to the study result, there were significant differences with regard to KRD in accordance with subjects' education, monthly income, mMRC(modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea Scale, inhaled bronchodilator and antibiotic treatment. In addition, there were significant differences with respect to illness attitude according to monthly income and mMRC. In case of the QOL, there were significant differences in accordance with age, marital status, monthly income, inpatient status, history of hospital admission, oxygen use, comorbidity, mMRC, and inhaled steroid. It has shown that there was a significant correlation between KRD and QOL(r=-.438, p<.001), illness attitude and QOL(r=.279, p=.001). Thus, it is important to grasp monthly income and mMRC, which are correlated with the three elements in common. As per assessment about COPD patients in the clinical situation, it is necessary to develop a multi-disciplinary approach, health coaching program for improving KRD and having a positive attitude based on the low-income group with taking interest in the circumstances of mMRC as well as objective test results.