• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-120
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• 2021

This article analyzes the publicness of early modern cities and the character of samurai residences as urban dwellers through the water supply and use of the Edo period in Japan. Firstly, in Edo, a megacity with a population of about one million, the Shogunate organized samurai residences (mainly those of feudal lords, Daimyo) into geographical organizations, and samurai residences paid for the repair of water facility and the water fee, just the same as the townspeople. Next, in Fukui (provincial castle town), samurai residence (Daimyo's vassal) organization for waterway didn't exist. The samurai residences were relieved of the burden of maintaining the waterways due to poverty. And, before the later Edo period, samurai vassals were not punished for violating the rules on water use, but they were eventually included in the punishment. The gap in feudal status between samurai and townspeople narrowed. It was a process of creating a modern urban society composed of equal dwellers. Although Edo and Fukui belonged to the same category as castle towns, the urban publicness and the position of samurai residences were different due to their dissimilar political positions as the Shogunate capital city and the Daimyo's provincial castle town.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

This study aims to propose a framework for evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) services, based on the concept of AI service impact. It also suggests a model for evaluating this impact and identifies relevant factors and measurement approaches for each item of the model. The study classifies the impact of AI services into five categories: ethics, safety and reliability, compliance, user rights, and environmental friendliness. It discusses these five categories from a broad perspective and provides 21 detailed factors for evaluating each category. In terms of ethics, the study introduces three additional factors-accessibility, openness, and fairness-to the ten items initially developed by KISDI. In the safety and reliability category, the study excludes factors such as dependability, policy, compliance, and awareness improvement as they can be better addressed from a technical perspective. The compliance category includes factors such as human rights protection, privacy protection, non-infringement, publicness, accountability, safety, transparency, policy compliance, and explainability.For the user rights category, the study excludes factors such as publicness, data management, policy compliance, awareness improvement, recoverability, openness, and accuracy. The environmental friendliness category encompasses diversity, publicness, dependability, transparency, awareness improvement, recoverability, and openness.This study lays the foundation for further related research and contributes to the establishment of relevant policies by establishing a model for evaluating the impact of AI services. Future research is required to assess the validity of the developed indicators and provide specific evaluation items for practical use, based on expert evaluations.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2014

시내버스 준공영제 도입의 본질적 목표는 공영방식과 민영방식의 장점인 서비스 "공공성"과 운행 "효율성" 확보에 있다. 그러나 그간의 준공영제에 대한 다양한 성과평가 시도가 공공성과 효율성 측면을 충분히 담지 못한 점이 있다. 본 연구는 공공성과 효율성 측면에서 성과평가를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 성과평가모형을 구축하고 부산시의 준공영제 5년간 시행성과를 평가하였다. 공공성 평가기준으로 접근성, 주체, 공익으로 구분하여 측정지표를 선정하였고, 효율성 평가를 위해서는 재정상황, 인력(노동), 운행 및 차량, 그리고 비용 등으로 구분하여 측정지표를 선정하였다. 부산시의 경우 대부분 성과지표가 의도하였던 공공성과 효율성 확보에 근접한 것으로 나타났다. 예를 들면 네트워크 및 정류장 확대로 접근성이 향상되었고, 법제도적 정비와 보조금 증가 등으로 부산시의 시내버스에 대한 통제력과 역할은 확대되었고, 정책노선 확대, 통행비용감소, 서비스수준제고 등 공공성이 제고된 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 업체경영이 개선되고, 노동효율성, 운행효율성 지표가 모두 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 차량이용과 비용 효율성과 더불어 지나친 보조금 문제는 향후 검토되어야할 사항으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 평가모형은 실험적이기 때문에 공공성과 효율성에 관한 모든 논의를 담아내기에는 한계가 있고 몇몇 중요지표는 충분히 다루지 못한 점이 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 연구 결과는 향후 정책적 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대하며 동시에 보다 정밀한 연구를 통해 본 연구가 보완되기를 기대한다.

• 건축사
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• 통권637호
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• pp.23-23
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• 2022

• 건축사
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• 통권659호
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• pp.36-37
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• 2024

• 건축사
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• 통권495호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2011

Street furniture such as benches, streetlamps, and shades which are easily accessible in cities has contributed to the promotion of active, lively environment for people living in cities. Furthermore, they make the characteristics of specific regions and cities, and are valued as a communication interface to restore the relationships between people and cities. The street furniture design with inherent publicness is an essential element for leisurely life and refined image of modern people who have experienced severance and mental poverty in uniform, vertical modern city space with the development of advanced science and technology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the new design approaches to street furniture which plays an important role in the determination of the images of modern city environment and to examine the characteristics and trends of such designs. First, in accordance with the flow of studies from publicness and public space to street furniture, the concept and meaning of publicness which is the basic element of public space were identified through theoretical examination, and the characteristics and roles of modern public space were analyzed through literature review, data review, and international cases. Based on the results of this theoretical analysis, the concept and meaning elements, function elements, and design elements of the street furniture which was planned in accordance with the goal and functions of public space were identified. For the meaning elements of street furniture design, fun, health, culture, sustainability, and vitalization were identified. For the function elements of street furniture design, convenience, safety, and delivery were identified. As the characteristics of modern street furniture design, convergent, green, digilog, functional, and universal designs were analyzed. This study is meaningful in that it recognized the roles of street furniture in modern public space as a concrete, practical environmental design element and estimated the development directions of street furniture design in public space.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2011

현재 한국의 공공도서관 정책에서는 지방자치단체의 공공도서관 민간위탁을 보다 더 증가시켜야 하는지 여부등에 대하여 많은 논의가 진행되고 있다. 공공도서관을 민간위탁할 경우 효율성과 공공성에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대한 문제 의식이 존재하는데, 본 연구에서는 주요국들의 공공도서관 민간위탁 사례들을 비교 검토함으로써 국내 공공도서관 민간위탁에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 각국 공공도서관 민간위탁에 대한 비교결과, 공공도서관 민간위탁이 세계 각국의 일반적 경향이라고 볼 수는 없었다. 다만 공공도서관 민간위탁을 받아들인 국가에서는 공공도서관 민간위탁이 점차 증가하고 있었다. 그러나 민간위탁이 이루어지는 업무 범위는 국가간에 차이가 존재하였다. 결론적으로 공공도서관 민간위탁은 도서관을 운영하는 여러 가지 방법 내지 수단 중의 하나로서, 각국은 자기들에 적합한 도서관 운영 제도와 방법을 구축하고 있었다. 한국의 공공도서관 민간위탁은 기존 공공도서관 민간위탁 논리가 아닌별도의 논리가 요구된다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Among the community-based cultural facilities, public libraries are places for social and educational purpose that improve the education of the resident, the expansion of the basic cultural education, communication between the members of society, and the accumulations and preservations of the culture. Public libraries should be a local cultural facility that expresses the value of a community. This study aims to analyze the design expression of publicness in a public branch library as a community-based cultural space through the study of branch library in the U.S. This study focused on the most future-oriented and innovative Ten New Landmark Libraries in the United States selected by Library Journal magazine in 2011. Among the selected libraries, three branch libraries which belongs Arizona Maricopa County were included in the study. The results of this study are as follows. First, the sites of the branch libraries vary geographically, but the libraries increase accessibility are caused by unique appearances and design concept of intellectual interest. Second, the floor plan shows the separation of meeting rooms and faculty space from the public space and has visual and spatial open space by high ceiling of the reading room. Third, multi-functional public space for residents are meeting rooms, the external patios for reading, galleries, cafes, libraries-shops which provides a variety of cultural programs, activities, and the opportunity to socialize neighbors. Fourth, branch Libraries have unique designs that harmonizes with nearby places to reflect locality, giving the locals a sense of pride in their community. Fifth, concrete brick and metal panel were used as finishing material for the practicality of maintenance. In particular, transparent glass envelope allows the locals to stay for long time due to openness and brightness of space.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And they function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural 'publicness' were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.