• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.166-168
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• 2001

Generation by the privately owned generators, which are normally operated has occupied about 10% of total generation. Recently the small co-generation employed gas engine has been introduced and attracted public interest. For privately owned generator to be paralleled Utilities, a customer complies with Generator Parallel Operation Guideline set by Utilities and installs related protective relays. But the guideline is not specified to small co-generation, only provides parallel operation of privately owned generator. So applying this guideline, initial investment can be too high comparing to total co-generation cost. Besides there is no specified guide about ALTS, which arises asynchronous problem. In this paper we analyzed guideline and technical problem when small co-generation is paralleled. And additionally needed researching area to improve distribution of small co-generation is discussed.

• 농촌계획
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to residential satisfaction, and to examine the rural housing and village environment which enable to derive what should be considered in the future rural housing improvement. Data were collected by questionnaire survey in 11 rural villages - suburban rural area, plain rural area, intermediate rural area, mountainous rural area. The major findings are as follows: 1) The rural residents rather dissatisfied with'management/maintenance','economic value','facade'in housing level, The overall housing satisfaction level was just medium(neither satisfied nordissatisfied). 2) They also dissatisfied with'playground for children','education condition','medical facilities', 'market'in village level. The overa'll village satisfaction level was just above average(slightly satisfied). 3) Vrom the result of ANOVA test, there are no significant differences in residents evaluation for tiousing and village attributes among 4 rural areas. 4) Factor analysis identified six rural housing environmental factors:'inside utilities','housing size' 'aesthetic aspects','safety','privacy','outside utilities'. 5) For the rural village environments six important factors were derived :'public services','commercial convenience facilities','social interaction','environmental pollution','amenity','agricultural service facilities'.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.453-465
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• 2007

With rapid expansion of the water market and growth of water companies, the recent trends in international water industry show that standardization of service activities concerning management of water and wastewater system (ISO/TC 224, to be issued in the second half year of 2007) is expected to have a large influence on the global water market including liberalization of water service market. In the Draft International Standard(DIS) of ISO/TC224, Performance Indicators(PIs) are suggested to estimate the service activities relating to water and wastewater treatment facilities. PIs have been developed in many countries including some international organization(World Bank, IWA and etc.) for service benchmarking. To evaluate public service level and establish plans to improve service level of wastewater utilities, we developed PIs for 120 items and applied them to 10 sewage utilities in the consideration of their scales, circumstances and conditions. In this study, we verified the applicability of the developed performance indicators(PIs). So, we concluded that PIs developed for the purpose of this study can be a useful tool applicable to objective evaluation of the service level of sewage utilities. Using the evaluation tool of PIs developed, it can also be used as a benchmarking tool in this industry as well as for enhancing the efficiency of operation and management of the sewage system. It will also contribute to the water resource management through determination of investment priorities based on the evaluation results and to raising international competitiveness of the domestic sewage utilities to meet the future opening of the water market.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.465-491
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• 2002

Korea is one of the countries which have a remarkable record of high and sustained economic growth. However, as the national economy has continued to grow and the industrial structure has become increasingly advanced, the amount of wastes being generated has been rapidly on the rise. recycling wastes to cope with the environmental problems caused by wastes has become an increasingly important policy issue in developing countries such as Korea, as well as in developed countries. This situation demands that researchers provide policy-makers with available and responsible information regarding the effect of the recycling industry in the public sector. This study employs input-output (I-O) analysis to examine the effect of public sector recycling industry in the national economy, using a specific application to Korea. The paper, therefore, has two major goals. The first is the development of a static I-O framework for looking into the effect of public sector recycling industry in the short run. The second goal is obtaining at least a preliminary indication of the effect of the recycling industry- in public sector. Moreover, we discuss the role of a public firm that established with an objective of promoting and facilitating the reutilization of recyclable wastes. The overall results indicate that the recycling utilities may have a significant influence on the standard of living and industrial production.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.8-20
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• 2001

70년대 유럽의 선진 복지국가의 위기로부터 확산되기 시작한 신자유주의의 이념적 공세는 베를린 장벽이 붕괴되면서 그 정점에 이른 것으로 보인다. 신자유주의는 국제적으로는 국경의 상호 침투를 통한 범세계적 단일 시장의 형성을, 그리고 국내적으로는 시장의 효율성의 극대화를 주창하였다. 공익산업의 민영화는 정부의 시장에 대한 탈규제 조치의 중심적인 정책이었다. 공기업 민영화의 저변에는 경제 환경의 변화에 따라 초기공기업 설립 당시의 필요성이 소멸되었다는 점과 "정부의 실패"라는 말처럼 공기업 경영상의 비효율성이 놓여 있다. 한국이 직면한 공기업 민영화의 과제를 염두에 두고 공익산업의 민영화에 대한 구체적인 사례를 영국과 미국, 칠레의 경험에서 살펴보면 다음과 같은 시사점을 발견할 수 있다. 첫째, 민영화라고 하는 소유구조의 변경이 경쟁의 도입을 위해 반드시 필요한 요건인지에 대한 의문이다 공기업 민영화가 시장에서의 민간 기업 사이의 경쟁체제를 도모하는 것이지만 공기업 위주의 경쟁체제도 가능하기 때문이다. 둘째, 공기업의 경영비효율성의 원인으로 지적되는 대리인 문제는 민간기업 부문에서도 여전히 발생하는 문제이다. 따라서 민영화라고 하는 소유구조의 개편이 문제 해결의 열쇠가 아니라 효율적기업 감시체제를 도입하고, 경영성과에 대한 규율 및 유인체제를 도입함으로써 책임 경영을 실현하는 것이 관건이라고 할 수 있다.

• 기술사
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2001

Using the CNG(compressed natural gas) and LPG(liquified petroleum gas) as the automotive fuel will be expanded because of their clean effect to the environmental air qualify. But these programs of gas using expansion would have a difficulty due to public consideration of gas utilities as a big hazard. The Ministry of Environment has an ambitious plan to substitute more than 25,000 buses with CNG and ensure more than 200 CNG refueling stations as well by the year of 2007. However, it is very difficult to establish new CNG and LPG refueling stations because of expanded safety distance than ever before by several major explosion accidents.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.165-182
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to analyze the family economic status by wife's employment. The data used in the study was taken from 1994 Expenditure Survey of Urban Families. The results showed that 33.2% of family income of employed-wife families was from wife's earnings and employed-wife families took more family income compared to nonemployed-wife families. In total expenditure eployed-wife families spent more than nonemployed-wife families. Employed-wife families spent more than nonemployed-wife families these categories such as food away from home rent domestic services clothing & shoes education public transportation and miscellaneous; spent on health care utilities communication and private transportation. The amount of savings of employed-wife families was more than of nonemployed-wife families.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

This paper examines the long-run social welfare maximization problems facing public utilities, which includes consideration of the cost of capital or other fixed costs of production, from which it derives optimal investment decisions in a reliability differentiated pricing based market. Reliability differentiated pricing policies lead to straightforward mathematical results on optimal investment decisions in generation and transmission expansion planning. This paper presents the mathematical conditions for optimal investment decisions.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2007

This paper develops a Sustainable Regional Economic Growth Model (SREG) which estimates the relation of labor population change and employment increase in each occupation and maximum limits and minimum requirements of employment increase by labor population change in a specified region using multiplier theory. To develop the proposed model, sustainable regional economic growth is defined as a steady increase of labor population over a long term period and the limit of employment increase is defined as the estimated labor population change in the region with no need for commutation from the surrounded areas. Developed model was applied to 67 county in Pennsylvania State and the results revealed that the investment in infrastructure occupations, such as transportation, warehousing, utilities, information, communication, and other public utilities, maximizes the effects for increasing employment, whereas finance, insurance, and real estate occupations have minimum effects for increasing employment. Calculated minimum requirements of occupations show that infra-structure occupations is a critical factor for labor population change and maximum limits of occupations show that agriculture and finance occupations are difficult to increase independently.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.248-258
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• 2021

지하공동구의 도시 생명선 기능유지를 위해서는 24시간 모니터링을 수행해야 하며 부족한 인력을 대체하기 위한 기술개발이 필요하다. 일반적인 관리방법으로는 지하 공간 특성을 반영하기 어려워 본 연구에서는 지하공동구를 대상으로 공간정보 기반의 디지털 트윈 시스템 요구사항을 도출하였다. 물리적 공간과 가상공간으로 구분하였으며, 물리적 공간은 멀티모달 영상센서 체계 구축의 기반이 되는 센서의 종류와 배치도를, 가상공간은 지하공동구에 대한 시스템 아키텍처를 구성하였다. 그리고 업무에 따른 시스템 기능을 제시하였다. 지하공동구 디지털 트윈을 통해 재난을 예방하고, 조기에 대응하여 도시 생명선의 기능유지에 효과적일 것으로 예상한다.