• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2023

Purpose: To compare perceptions of nurse-led health care visits in child daycare centers and calculate determination coefficients (DC) reflecting the job values. Methods: This was a secondary analysis study that applied the evaluation report for visiting nursing services for child daycare centers, prepared by the Seoul Nurses Association in 2021. Totally, 86 visiting nurses, 1997 childcare teachers, and 1915 parents were included in the study. The job recognition questionnaire was used to identify the levels of readiness, importance, and difficulty of a visiting nurse's job. Results: The visiting nurses showed high levels of readiness and importance for most duties and tasks expected of them. Compared to the nurses, the parents determined a greater importance towards the jobs of visiting nurses. The visiting nurses and childcare teachers exhibited similar levels of importance for the job. The highest and lowest DC scores were obtained for 'child developmental evaluation and referral' and 'child education', respectively. Conclusion: The duties and tasks verified in this study can be evidence for the job description, and should be preferentially developed for enhancing the competency of visiting nurses. Considering the importance of nurse-led health care, this will warrant an expansion of services to other regions.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.398-409
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• 2021

Background: The types and effects of hazardous pollutants in indoor air may vary depending on the characteristics of the sources and pollutants caused by physical and chemical properties of buildings, the influence of outdoor air, and the exposure and use characteristics of residents. Objectives: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the establish of indoor air quality management for different classes of public-use facilities by presenting the characteristics of concentration distribution of hazardous pollutants by different public-use facilities and the status of the excess proportion of exceeding standards. Methods: This study analyzed self-measurement data from public-use facilities taken from 2017 to 2019 A total of 133,525 facilities were surveyed. A total of 10 types of pollutants that have maintenance and recommended standards stipulated in the Indoor Air Quality Control Act from the Ministry of Environment were investigated. The excess proportion and the substances exceeding the criteria for each type of public-use facilities for these pollutants were investigated. Results: As a result of the analysis of the proportion of exceeding the standard for each type of public-use facility, the facilities with the highest excess proportion of the standards for each hazardous pollutant were: PM₁₀ in railway stations (8.93%), PM_2.5 in daycare centers (7.36%), CO₂ in bus terminals (2.37%), HCHO in postpartum care centers (4.11%), total airborne bacteria in daycare centers (0.69%), CO in museums (0.1%), NO₂ in postpartum care centers (1.15%), Rn in museums (0.78%), total volatile organic compounds in postpartum care centers (7.20%) and mold in daycare centers (1.44%). Conclusions: Although uncertainty may arise because this study is a result of self-measurement, it is considered that this study has significance for providing basic data on the establishment in the future of indoor air quality management measures customized for each type of public-use facility.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.485-494
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• 2022

Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in changes in the instructional methods used in kindergartens and daycare centers to prevent viral infections. This study aimed to investigate the changes in oral health care for children before and during COVID-19 and the perceptions of kindergarten and daycare center teachers about oral health care. Methods: The study subjects were 189 teachers of kindergartens and daycare centers in charge of children aged 3 to 5. The data for the analysis were collected through an online survey. Frequency analysis and the chi-squared test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Compared to before COVID-19, the frequency of tooth brushing after lunch, the number of oral health education and regular oral examinations, and the rate of childcare teachers' experiences with oral health education had decreased during COVID-19. In addition, educators in kindergarten and daycare centers responded that an oral health officer at a public health center was the most desirable oral health educator. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the oral health care of children in kindergartens and daycare centers has declined. Efforts are needed to restore it by educating people about oral hygiene care and oral health education, both at home and in kindergartens and daycare centers.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.26-32
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• 2023

In this study, we attempted to analyze the status of meal nutritional management at daycare centers and determine whether the need for improvement varies depending on their size. We divided into two groups based on the size of foodservice facilities. If meals for more than 50 people are provided at a time, they are classified as large-scale facilities (Large-scale group). If they are smaller, they are classified as small-scale facilities (Small-scale group). Dietitians visited each daycare center and checked 5 categories and 14 items. When comparing 5 categories, scores in the Small-scale group scored higher than those in the Large-scale group for 'Menu utilization' category. As a result of comparing the detailed 14 items, the scores of 'Indicate dietary information', 'Use menus suitable for those who are eligible for meals', and 'Posting menus by age in public places at foodservice facilities' were higher in the Small-scale group than in the Large-scale group. As such, there are differences in meal nutritional management according to the size of children's foodservice facilities therefore, it was found that customized education and management were needed according to the facilities' size.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate human health risk assessment of indoor air pollutants at small-sized public-use facilities (e.g., daycare centers, hospital and elderly care facilities) that the susceptible population is mainly used. Methods: To assess indoor air quality (IAQ), the concentrations of indoor air contaminants such as HCHO, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, PM-10, CO, $NO_2$ and $O_3$ in air samples were measured according to the Indoor Air Quality Standard Method. By conducting the questionnaire survey, the major factors influencing IAQ were identified. Human health risk assessment was carried out in the consideration of type of use (user and worker) at 75 daycare centers, 34 hospitals and 40 elderly care facilities. Results: As a result of measurement of indoor air contaminants, the average concentration of HCHO and TVOCs in hospitals was higher than daycare centers and elderly care facilities, about 8.8 and 23.5% of hospitals were exceeded by IAQ standard. In human health risk assessment, for the user of daycare centers and elderly care facilities, the mean carcinogenic risk of HCHO inhalation was higher than acceptable value. Except for HCHO, other values were determined under acceptable risk. Similarly, for the worker of hospitals, the mean carcinogenic risk of HCHO inhalation was higher than acceptable value and other values were evaluated under acceptable risk. In contrast, the risk levels of other contaminants measured in elderly care facilities were acceptable. In the determination of factors influencing IAQ, the construction year, building type, ventilation time, and the use of air cleaner were identified. Conclusions: This study provides the information for establishing the plans of public health management of IAQ at small-sized public-use facilities that have not yet been placed under the regulation. The findings suggest the consideration of human health risk assessment results for the IAQ standards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the toothpaste squeezing methods and the amount of toothpaste that the daycare teachers apply for the children in order to prevent the overuse of fluoride-containing toothpaste among children, and to understand their educational experiences on oral health and their awareness of the right amount of toothpaste used. Methods: The subjects in this study were 87 teachers at 16 different daycare centers in the city of Sokcho, Gangwon Province. They were interviewed to find out whether they had ever received oral health education and whether they were cognizant of the right amount of toothpaste to be used. And a transverse technique and a pea-sized squeezing technique were selected to look for connections between their toothpaste squeezing methods and the amount of toothpaste used by them. Results: 89.7 percent of the daycare teachers investigated taught to preschoolers how to do toothbrushing after they took meals and had a snack. 36.8 percent of the daycare teachers had children squeeze toothpaste on their own. The amount of toothpaste applied by the daycare teachers at a time was 0.58ｇ. When they utilized two other squeezing methods, transverse technique and pea-sized squeezing technique, they used each 0.38 g (p<0.005) and 0.38 g (p=0.405) of toothpaste. Conclusion: To prevent children from being overly exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste, daycare teachers should learn about the right amount of toothpaste to be used when oral health education is provided, and the transverse technique should be recommended to ensure the use of the proper amount of toothpaste.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2020

Traffic-related environmental factors (TREF) are a major problem in developed countries, leading to increased atopic sensitivity, allergy symptoms, and diseases. This study shows an association between traffic-related pollutants, distance of road and gas station from the children's daycare center, and allergy symptoms. Data was obtained from the 2018 survey, an ongoing allergic diseases prevalence survey for children aged 4-7 (n=1175). This survey considered 36 public daycare centers, across 6 districts in Seoul. Allergic symptoms were defined as the presence of at least 1 or more allergic diseases (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)). TREF was derived from the distance to the nearest main roads and gas stations. Geographic data processing and variable computation were conducted using ArcGIS version 10.2. The odds ratios for allergy symptoms increased by 1.189 (1.235-2.679) times with decreasing distance to main roads and by 1.846 (1.176-2.896) times with decreasing distance to a gas station. This study concludes that main roads and gas-stations near children's daycare centers are related to the allergy symptoms in children.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-30
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness of daycare teachers by the nursery school operation performance of the National Competency Standards(NCS). For this purpose, 35 public and private daycare center, home daycare centers and corporation daycare center teachers were randomly sampled in Busan Metropolitan City. We conducted a questionnaire consisting of 230 sub-elements based on 45 sub-competency unit elements extracted from 12 areas of job ability of the national competence standards. Final questionnaires were collected from 117 questionnaires of 28 national daycare teachers, 30 private daycare teachers, 30 home daycare teachers, and 29 corporation daycare teachers. As a result, there was a difference in the awareness of importance among the four groups in all 12 performance capability units. For the 12 job performance units, the importance was recognized in the order of corporate daycare center, national daycare center, home daycare center, and private daycare center. Among them, "Establishment of Child Care Center Management Policy", "Construction of Child Care Service", "Child Care Activity Management", "Infant and Child Playing Guide", "Body and Art Activity Guidance", "Language, Nutritional guidance" there were no differences in the awareness of the importance of corporate daycare teachers and national daycare teachers, and there was no difference between national daycare teachers and home daycare teachers. However, there was a difference between corporate daycare teachers and home daycare teachers.. There is also a difference in the awareness of importance between home daycare teachers and private daycare teachers. In the remaining five job competence units, "Child Care Assessment", "Support for Infant and Toddler Development", "Cooperation with the Home and Community", "Child Care Management", and "Child Care Research", corporation daycare centers, national daycare centers. There was no statistically significant difference in the awareness of importance, but there was a significant difference from the private daycare teachers. Also this tendency was consistently observed in 45 sub-capacity unit elements.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2018

Indoor air quality was investigated in homes and daycares located in areas with heavy traffic in Seoul, South Korea from November 2013 to January 2014. Indoor and outdoor air quality measurements were collected for 48 hours in four children's homes and daycare centers. The I/O ratio (Indoor to outdoor ratio) for each major air pollutant ($NO_2$, black carbon, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$) was calculated, and $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ concentration profiles were analyzed based on indoor activity diaries recorded during the 48 hours. Most I/O ratios for $NO_2$, black carbon, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ at daycare centers were less than one. At homes, I/O ratios for black carbon, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were less than one; however, most I/O ratios for $NO_2$ were greater than one due to the usage of gas stoves. The children's exposure to indoor air pollutants was calculated using a time-weighted average exposure method, and the daily intake level for each pollutant was determined.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.203-223
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to reveal working time and psychological difficulties of national and public daycare center teachers in the operation process of an accreditation system and seek ways of resolving them. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 413 teachers in 291 national and public daycare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 nursery teachers. It showed that in the operation process of an accreditation system, teachers had been performing heavy tasks of 11 hours daily, and they were experiencing psychological difficulties with the conflict 'between interactions with infants and other duties', 'between free exploration and safety health', and 'between our story and external criteria'. Based on the findings, the following changes of recognition for nursery teachers were required. First, there is a need for the change of recognition concerned with the child-care of high quality, rather than performing evaluation index. Second, there is a need for the change of recognition concerned with overall optimization rather than sectional optimization. This study is significant in that it suggested the basic direction for the operation process of an accreditation system, by exploring the psychological difficulties of nursery teachers.