• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.481-487
• /
• 2013

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the visual reactions of users when they are playing games of different flow levels, and to explore the visual variables that can sensitively reflect the different flow levels. Background: The flow is defined as a psychological state where interface users feel their actions in a virtual setting identical to those in real environment. To measure the flow states of users, the questionnaire-based FSS(Flow State Scale) has mostly been used. However, this method is a qualitative test that has limits in terms of the accuracy of users' flow experiences. Therefore, more accurate methods to measure users' flow experiences are required. Method: Ten subjects participated in the experiment, where the independent variables were three games with different flow levels(puzzle games, dot drawing and coloring) and the time frame(the first and last 10 seconds in game playing), whereas the dependent variables included the pupil size and the frequency and duration of eye blinking. This study was a within-subject design. Each participant performed three types of games with different flow levels 3 times for each for 10 minutes, and their visual reactions to each game were measured. Results: The higher the flow cause the bigger pupil size(p<0.01) and the lower eye blinking frequency(p<0.1), indicating that different types of games lead to different flow levels. The pupil size during the last 10 seconds when the flow level was higher was bigger by 2.1% compared with that during the first 10 seconds in game playing(p<0.1), and the eye blinking frequency decreased by 12%(p<0.01). Conclusion: It was found out that the pupil size and the frequency and duration of eye blinking were psychophysiological indices for evaluating users' flow experiences, which could quantify the flow states users go through. The psychophysiological variables capable of measuring diverse aspects of the flow need diversifying to be applicable to precise measurement of the flow. Application: These studies are warranted for both quantitative analysis of flow levels and qualitative improvement of cyber leisure in line with development of healthy games.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2021

자신이 신뢰하는 대상에게 성폭력 피해 경험을 이야기했을 때 받게 되는 부정적인 반응은 상대방에 대한 믿음이 깨지는 배반외상 경험이 될 수 있으며, 이는 자신과 세상에 대한 부정적인 인지를 형성하고 우울로 이어질 수 있다. 기존의 연구들에서는 가족, 친구, 지인 등의 비공식적 주체가 보이는 사회적 반응에 대한 연구가 주로 이루어졌다. 그러나 개인은 생존, 안전, 생계, 교육 등의 다양한 이유로 자신이 속해있는 조직을 신뢰하고 의지하게 되며, 조직이 개인의 성폭력 피해에 대해 보이는 부정적인 반응인 조직배반(institutional betrayal) 역시 조직이 자신을 보호해줄 것이라는 믿음이 배반되는 외상 경험이 되어 외상 후 인지 및 우울과 연관될 수 있다. 그러나 조직배반이 우울로 이어지는 구체적인 기제를 밝히는 연구는 아직 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 외상 후 증상을 이해하고 치료하는 대표적인 접근 중 하나인 인지행동이론에 기반하여, 조직배반이 우울로 이어지는 경로를 외상 후 인지가 매개하는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 성폭력 피해에 대해 조직배반을 경험한 여성 462명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 구조 모형을 검증하였다. 그 결과 조직배반은 우울에 직접적으로는 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 자신에 대한 부정적 인지와 세상에 대한 부정적 인지를 통해서 간접적으로 우울에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 성폭력 피해에 대해 조직배반을 경험한 사람들이 자신과 세상에 대해 가지고 있는 부정적인 인지를 확인하고 다루는 것이 이들의 우울을 예방하거나 치료하는 데 있어서 중요함을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의와 제한점 그리고 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.403-413
• /
• 1998

The Resilience is described as the personal capacity which brings psychosocial comeback. The role of nursing is to do its best to rehabilitate patients and to explore the individual in order to promote patients psychosocial change. However, as the current nursing is heavily physical nursing oriented, the identity of the nursing would be lost. Therefore this researcher reviewed if the concept of resilience can be applied to the nursing after examing the concept of resilience by Documents and Fieldwork. The methodology of this research is Hybrid Model developed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim for the concept development and analysis. The process and procedure consist of The Theoretical Phase, The Fieldwork Phase and The Final Analytical Phase in accodance with the Hybrid Model. The followings the summary of the Research. 1. The Concept of Resilience Finally Analyzed by Documents and Fieldwork (1) The Redefinition of Resilience The resilience is the latent psychosocial capacity which minimize the negative emotion and promote the adaptation under adversity. Resilience appears as cognitive, emotional and behavioral response in the course of changing from negative response to positive response through the interaction of the individual and the enviroments in a given time. Resilience changes and decreases according to time and situation and it can be nurtured. Resilience is the higher concept including hardiness, sense of coherence and self-strength which maintain the health under stress. (2) The Attribute of Resilience The attribute of resilience was devided into psychological and social dimension. In psychological attributes, there are admittion of reality of situation, denial of negative emotion, desire to live, responsibility, confidence, courage, hope, pursuit of positive meaning, identification and pursuit of goal, self-esteem, reception, spontaneity, planning, positiveness, will power, flexibility and creativity. In social attributes, there are a sense of belonging, perception of social support and active social relations. (3) The Process of Resilience There are 4 resilience phases which were the process minimizing the possibility of the negative chain reactions under adversity, the process minimizing the negative emotion under adversity, the process gaining the desire to live and the process exposing the active social relations. 2. The Application Possibility of Resilience Concept to Nursing The resilience concept is the psychosocial capacity with which an individual manages adversity. As many nursing scientists have developed nursing theory based on this capacity and the identification of nursing has been established in this field, resilience is not the new conception in nursing. However, since resilience appears in the attributes related with the resilience process concretely, it would help a lot when nurses execute psychosocial nursing.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 가정과교사의 수업컨설팅과 식생활 수업에 대한 인식 조사를 위하여 가정과교사 139명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사로 실시되었다. 수업공개에 대하여 62.6%의 교사가 부담을 많이 갖는다고 응답하였고, 자신의 수업에 대해서 만족하고 있는 교사는 29.5% 뿐이었다. 수업컨설팅을 받아본 경험이 있는 교사는 56명(40.3%)이었으며, 받아본 적도 해준 적도 없는 교사는 48명(34.5%)으로 30대와 50대 이상의 수업컨설팅 비율이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 대부분의 가정과교사가 수업의 질 향상을 위해서 수업컨설팅이 필요하다고 하였고(65명, 46.8%), 수업컨설팅의 기회가 주어진다면 받고 싶다고 응답한 교사가 78명(46.1%), 보통이다 46명(33.1%)으로 대부분의 가정과교사는 수업컨설팅에 대해 긍정적인 자세를 가지고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 컨설팅을 받고 싶은 사람은 106명(76.3%)의 교사가 전문적 지식과 경험을 가진 동료교사에 의한 컨설팅을 원하였다. 식생활 수업에서 주로 사용하는 교수매체는 시청각자료가 가장 많았고(47.5%), 개인차에 대한 피드백은 학생의 반응관찰로 가장 많이 실시되고 있었으며(73.4%), 강의식 수업이 58.3%로 가장 많이 실시되는 수업형태로 조사되었다. 식생활수업 진행 시 갖는 어려움의 정도는 2.60/5.00점이었으나 개인차를 고려한 수업진행의 어려움이 3.26점으로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 학생참여 유도(3.11점), 적절한 교수매체 선정(2.88점), 매체 제작(2.88점), 교사 및 학생활동 계획(2.85점) 순이었다. 따라서 자신의 수업에 대한 만족감을 높이고, 수업공개에 대한 부담을 줄이며, 사회적 요구가 증가하고 있는 식생활교육에서 가정과교사의 선도적인 역할을 위해서 가정과교사는 수업반성, 자기장학, 수업컨설팅을 통하여 자신의 수업을 정확하게 분석하고, 끊임없는 훈련과 노력으로 식생활 수업역량을 강화하여 학교 식생활교육을 선도적으로 이끌어 가야 할 것이다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.248-252
• /
• 2022

The environment refers to what is surrounded by something during human life. This environment is related to the way humans live, and presents various problems on how to perceive the surrounding environment and how the behaviors that constitute the environment support the elements necessary for human life. Humans have an interest in the supportability of the environment as the interrelationship increases as humans perceive and understand the environment and accept the factors supported by the environment. In space, human movement starts from one space to the next and exchanges stimuli and reactions with the environment until reaching a target point. These human movements start with subjective judgment and during gait movement, the spatial environment surrounding humans becomes a collection of information necessary for humans and gives stimulation. will do. In this process, in particular, humans move along the movement path through movement in space and go through displacement perception and psychological changes, and recognize a series of spatial continuity. An image of thinking is formed[1]. In this process, spatial experience is perceived through the process of filtering by the senses in the real space, and the result of cognition is added through the process of subjective change accompanied by memory and knowledge, resulting in human movement. As such, the spatial search behavior begins with a series of perceptual and cognitive behaviors that arise in the process of human beings trying to read meaning from objects in the environment. Here, cognition includes the psychological process of sorting out and judging what the information is in the process of reading the meaning of the external environment, conditions, and material composition, and perception is the process of accepting information as the first step. It can be said to be the cognitive ability to read the meaning of the environment given to humans. Therefore, if we can grasp the perception of space while moving and human behavior as a response to perception, it will be possible to predict how to grasp it from a human point of view in a space that does not exist. Modern people have the theme of reminiscing dog-friendly hotels for the healing of petloss syndrome, and this thesis attempts to approach the life of companions.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.214-219
• /
• 1998

Pain is one of the most frequent and disturbing symptom of cancer patients. And almost of cancer patients are afraid of a attacks of pain related to cancer. Caring for the cancer patient can be divided into two phases. The phase of "active treatment" involves various interventions-surgical, chemical or radiological- that are designed to prolong the patient's life. "Terminal care" is the period from the end of active treatment until the patient's death. But in the majority of clinical settings, cancer pain is not being managed adequately results from a lack of education about how to treat the cancer pain management in the safest and most effective way during terminal phase. Althought organic factors represent the most important cause of their pain, it is also important to deal with the patient's psychological reactions and to take account of his or her social and family environment if treatment for chronic cancer pain is to prove adequate. Thus we try to evaluate a kinds of cancer related to pain, degree of pain, effectiveness of drugs, and patient's responses to management. In regard to the satisfaction for pain relief in pain clinics at Pusan National University Hospital(PNUH) are about 70% in patients and 90% in family. Average life expectancy in cancer patients are about 140 days (3 days- 5.7 years). Cancer patients are complained of several discomfortness (above 30 kinds) such as, pain associated with cancer (75%), nausea and vomitting (38%), sleeping disorder (38%), anorexia (38%), dyspnea (32%), constipation (31%), etc. Distributions of cancer associated with pain are stomach cancer (21%), lung cancer (16%), cervix cancer (10%), anorectal and colon cancer (8.6%), hepatoma (8%), pancreatic cancer (3%). About 1/3 of patients are suffer from incident pain in 3~5 times in a day especially in moving, coughing, and exercise. Methods for drug delivering system before death are transdermal fentanyl patch (42%), intravenous PCA (21%), oral intake of opioid (17%), epidural PCA (14%), etc.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.5063-5069
• /
• 2014

Background: Cancer is a disease which affects not only patients but also their families physically and emotionally. The purpose of this study was to determine the needs, challenges and ways of coping of caregivers of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In the study, a phenomenological approach was used. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. The study sample comprised 16 family members providing care for a cancer patient. Results: The study findings are grouped under four main themes: the impact of caregiving, masking feelings, experienced challenges and expectations, and coping. During the caregiving process, patient relatives are affected physiologically, psychologically and socially. It was determined that patient relatives hid their feelings and avoided talking about the disease for fear that they might upset the patient, and that they had difficulty in coping with the patient's reactions during the treatment process. Family members had difficulties arising from the health system, hospital conditions and treatment in addition to transportation and financial problems. Support is very important in coping, but it was determined that some of the relatives of patients did not receive adequate support. Patient relatives expect that health care professionals should provide them with more information about their patient's condition and the course of the disease that their patients should be dealt with by the physicians specialized in cancer, and that psychological support should be provided both for them and for their patient. Conclusions: During the caregiving process, family members are faced with many difficulties and they exhibit different coping behaviors which health care professionals should take into account.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.761-768
• /
• 2007

풍수지리의 기본 개념인 생기가 '연중 일정한 온도가 유지되며 상대 습도의 큰 변동 없이 통풍이 잘되고 일조량이 상당한 조건을 갖춘 곳의 쾌적성'이라고 한다면 이는 생리적으로 comfort한 기후조건을 갖춘 곳이 된다. Terjung은 신체적으로 comfort한 기후조건에 영향을 주는 요소로서 온도와 상대습도, 그리고 바람의 세기에 대하여 언급하고 comfort index, wind effect index를 개발하여 인간의 체감조건에 적용하였다. 따라서 풍수지리가 추구하는 '생기가 넘치는 곳'이 '보다 편안한 장소(more comfortable place)'가 되면 풍수지리는 과학적인 분야로 자리매김할 수 있게 된다. 미국 코넥티컷주에서도 풍수의 기본형에 부합되는 장소로서 Hampton 시의 North Cemetry가 발견되어 한국 뿐 아니라 세계의 다른 어떤 지역에도 풍수가 적용될 수 있다. 한국이건 미국이건 풍수지리적으로 선정된 이른바 쾌적한 곳의 온도, 상대습도, 바람의 세기와 방향 등의 기후 자료가 있다면 Terjung의 견해와 더불어 특정 장소의 편안함이 밝혀질 수 있다. 이것은 같은 기후 지역 내에서 두 장소에 대한 서로 비교하는 자료가 요청되며 풍수지리는 특정 기후 조건 아래에서 보다 comfort한 곳을 찾는 인간의 적응 전략으로 자리매김하기에 충분하다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This study focuses on clues that can clearly amplify the effects of background music. Review which store environments have a direct and positive impact on consumer responses, such as purchases. Research design, data, and methodology - This study focuses on clues that can clearly amplify the effects of background music. The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of store environment, combined with background music, has a direct and positive effect on consumer reactions such as purchase, and suggest future research directions. Results - The manager decides to use background music in the store because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to identify the emotional response of the consumer. In addition, appropriate background music lowers the psychological purchasing barriers of consumers. Previous studies have often not conducted a basic review of whether consumers perceive background music when it is used in retail stores. For example, it is necessary to make sure that the volume of the background music is loud enough and that the noise is properly excluded despite the congestion of the store so that the pure influence of the background music on the consumer can be measured. A way for store managers to clarify and differentiate their identity is to create a unique and satisfying store atmosphere for their customers. In order to help customers focus on their purchases, store managers must use marketing elements to integrate the five senses. And they should plan background music aiming at synergy effect of these five senses. In other words, in order to make the store atmosphere positive, it is not enough to have a suitable visual design interior or background music in the store, and consumers should have the opportunity to smell, taste and touch it directly. Conclusions - In conclusion, we hope that the following issues will be studied by several scholars in the future. It should be clarified that the impact of background music on customers varies depending on the customer's movement in the store, the selection of the background music genre order, and the timing (interval) of background music exposure to the customer.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 경험에 의한 기억간의 상관관계에 대하여 기초적 연구와 접근방법을 모색하여, 제품의 형태의 구축단계에서의 적용가능성을 예시하였으며, 이를 통해 기억에 의한 디자인 행위와 관련하여 향후연구과제의 초석을 마련하는 데 목격을 두었다. 첫째, 인간의 기억과 형태에 대한 학문적, 이론적 고찰을 통해서 본 연구에 필요한 기억의 유형과 사물에 대한 인지과정을 이론적으로 비교 고찰하였다. 둘째, 실험과 분석을 통해 사물에 있어서의 느껴지는 형태가 무엇인지에 대한 주관적 평가 반응을 알아보고 그 과정의 분석을 통하여 제품에서 느끼는 형태의 연상으로, 암묵적/외현적 반응에 대한 요소(설문과 컴퓨터 실험을 통하여 수집된 데이터를 이용)를 추출하고, 분석된 요소들을 칼융의 심상구분인 보편적 지식과 현실 기억, 그리고 잠재기억과 원시심상으로 구별하여, 형태심상 및 대별 사용자 심상이 디자인에 어떤 영향을 주는가를 분석 정의하였다. 셋째, 이러한 정의를 바탕으로 암묵적/외현적 반응에 대한 요소 특성의 디자인 활용가능성과 통한 접근방법을 예시하고, 결론과 아울러 향후 연구되어질 과제에 대한 가이드라인을 제시하였다.