• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to experiments the environmental conditions and the adaption of the human body in the vinyl house. The study was done in spring and winter and experimental clothes were used working clothes in the vinyl house. The results are as follows. 1. Environmental Conditions In the spring season, the indoor air temperature was $27.4{\pm}3.7^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $14.4{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, the indoor air temperature was $18.3{\pm}4.8^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $7.6{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$ on the average. 2. Skin Temperature In the spring season, the mean skin temperatures indoor and outdoor were $33.81{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C\;and\;31.57{\pm}0.8^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.24^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, they were $31.95{\pm}1.93^{\circ}C\;and\;29.86{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.09^{\circ}C$. 3. Clothing Climate In the spring season, the temperature and humidity in the inner layer of clothing were $34.77{\pm}0.80^{\circ}C\;and\;70.75{\pm}1.65%$ indoor, $31.9{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C\;and\;51.9{\pm}3.70%$ outdoor respectively. In the winter season, those were $32.52{\pm}1.04^{\circ}C\;and\;64.65{\pm}3.68%$ indoor, $30.27{\pm}0.96^{\circ}C\;and\;45.07{\pm}2.68%$ outdoor respectively. 4. Physiological Factors Body temperature increased slightly and the pulse rate also rises, but blood pressure decreased a little with the rise of environmental temperature both in the spring and winter seasons. 5. Psychological Factors Thermal sensation in the spring season was expressed as 'slightly warm' or 'warm' indoor and as 'neutral' in the open air, while in the winter it was expressed as 'neutral' or 'slightly warm' outdoor the house and as 'cold' in the open air. Comfort sensation was characterized as 'uncomfortable' or 'slightly uncomfortable' indoor both in the spring and winter seasons, but in the open air it was characterized as 'comfortable' in the spring and as 'slightly uncomfortable' in the winter.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권3D호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2011

경제성장과 더불어 우리 삶을 구성하고 있는 주변 환경의 질에 대한 관심과 요구가 높아지고 도로 이용자 측면에서도 쾌적성, 심리적 안정 및 안락성 등을 고려한 도로경관 조성에 대한 관심이 확대되면서 도로의 질적인 개선 노력이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 공학적인 측면에서 기준화된 설계지침이 아닌 도로 이용자 측면에서의 감성인지를 고려한 안전하고 쾌적한 도로설계 기준의 정립이 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도심지 주요 도로의 도로 횡단면 구성요소를 중심으로 도로 이용자들이 느끼는 도로경관에 대한 감성인지 실험을 통해 만족도를 조사하고 주성분과 군집분석, 다중회귀모형 등을 통해 도로경관 구성요소와의 관계성을 규명하였다. 분석결과 보통의 보도경관 만족도를 확보하기 위해서는 차로 폭은 3~5m, 차로 수는 2~5차로, 길어깨 폭은 0.55~1.43m, 유효 보도 폭은 2.2~3.9m, 중앙 화단 폭은 1.05~1.9m, 중앙 가로수 높이는 6.25~14.5m, 중앙 여유 폭은 0.65~1.625m, 보도 가로수 높이는 6.4~15m, 건물 높이는 18~44m(6~15층) 범위에 있어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2021

본 연구는 실생활 환경인 주거공간에서 식물의 공기 정화능력 이 어떤 효과를 보이는가를 검증하기 위하여 전용면적 129.78m²의 아파트 3개호를 대상으로, 거실 공간(115.6m³)에 한정하여 식물 유·무에 따라 공기질 상태를 조사하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 사례A는 통계적으로 유의미하게 차이를 보이고 있지 않으나, 사례B, C는 PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0의 영역에서 각각 통계적으로 유의미한(p<.01) 차이가 있음을 검증하였다. 2) 실내공간의 식물설치에 따른 미세먼지 저감효과는 실내 환경 조건과 실내의 청결도와 집기의 양에 따라서도 유의한 차이가 있을 것으로 판단되며, 이에 대한 보충적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. 3) 실내 미세먼지 저감을 위한 플랜테리어 디자인으로 다양한 방안을 검토하였으며, 그중 실증적 실험을 통하여 수직벽면 디자인 방법을 실험하여 제언하였다. 또한 실내식물의 유형에 따라 유지관리 방법을 제언하였다.

• 디자인융복합연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2018

본 연구는 변화된 건강패러다임 속에서 치유환경에 대한 새로운 접근 방법을 모색하고, 특히 정신건강증진이라는 키워드 속에서 좀 더 확장된 치유환경의 특성을 개념화하고자 시작된 탐색연구로서 연구의 목적은 크게 두 가지로 나뉜다. 첫째는, 변화된 패러다임 속에서 건강과 정신건강 그리고 치유환경의 개념적 정의를 내리는 것이며 둘째는, 정신건강증진을 위한 물리적 환경의 치유적 특성을 도출하고 지표화하는 것이다. 이러한 목적 안에서 정신건강증진을 위한 치유환경의 개념을 지원할 수 있는 이론적 탐색을 시행하였는데, 건축학과 심리학 그리고 정신의학은 물론 인간과 환경간의 관계를 다루고 있는 건축철학 및 환경심리학 등 그 범위를 확대하여 관련 이론을 고찰, 융합적 시각으로서의 새로운 개념정립을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서 선행연구 및 이론적 탐색연구를 진행한 결과 범주화한 치유환경의 특성은, 1) 신체적 보호감 증진 2) 심리적 안정감 증진 3) 사회적 교류감 증진 4) 개인적 자존감 증진 등이다. 정신건강증진의 치유환경에 대한 개념적 확립은 실제적인 치유환경의 구현에 있어서 매우 중요한 작업이며, 이를 토대로 보다 구체적인 설계지표 및 가이드라인 개발 및 응용 연구가 진행될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.99-129
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• 2008

이 연구는 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 중도장애인의 레질리언스 과정을 분석한 것이다. 이를 위해 갑작스러운 사고로 장애를 갖게 된 중도장애인 8명을 심층 인터뷰하였다. 연구 결과, 총 393개의 개념이 도출되었고, 이를 45개의 하위범주, 18개의 상위범주로 유목화할 수 있었다. 중도장애인 레질리언스 과정의 패러다임 모형에서 인과적 조건은 '장애에 대해 모름', '너무 아파 힘듦', 심리적 고통으로 '마음 안으로 숨어듦'인 것으로 나타났다. 맥락적 조건으로는 '집에만 있어 무기력해지고', 장애인정이 어려워 '스스로 장벽을 쌓으며', 장애에 대한 '사회적 장벽'으로 좌절을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장애유형, 장애정도, 성(gender), 장애획득시기, 중도장애 여부 등에 따라 레질리언스에 차이가 있음을 보고하였다. 이러한 인과적 조건과 맥락적 조건에도 불구하고 중도장애인이 레질리언스를 갖게 되는 중심현상은 '긍정의 힘에 탄력이 붙음'으로 확인되었다. 이러한 중심현상을 촉진 혹은 억제하는 중재조건으로는 외적으로 가족, 친구, 주변사람, 제도의 지원을 통해 '혼자가 아님을 깨닫고', 내적으로 종교의 힘과 모델링을 통하여 '변화의 의지와 삶의 목표를 가지고 내일을 준비하는' 것으로 나타났다. 작용/상호작용전략은 '노력을 배가하고', '직접 찾아보며', '능동적으로 실행하기'로 나타났으며 그 결과 중도장애인들은 장애와 사회에 대한 '관점이 달라지고', 삶의 '여유가 생기며', 매사에 '적극적으로 참여함'을 알 수 있었다. 중도장애인 레질리언스 과정의 핵심범주는 '긍정의 힘을 믿으며 주도적으로 나의 삶 선택하기'이었으며, 이는 장애인 레질리언스에서 선택과 자기결정을 통한 주도성의 확보가 매우 중요함을 보여주는 것이다. 과정분석에서는 '고통', '낯섬', '성찰', '일상' 단계로 확인되었으며, 이 단계들은 단선적이기보다는 역동적인 순환과정으로 나타났다. 이 과정에서 중도장애인의 레질리언스 유형은 존재성찰형, 진로개척형, 은근노력형, 적극실행형으로 구분되었다. 또한 개인, 가족 및 친구, 사회 및 제도 차원의 위험 및 보호요인에 관한 상황모형을 정리함으로써, 향후 실천적 개입을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 중도장애인의 레질리언스 과정을 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 심층적 이해를 구축하면서 그 과정 및 유형, 상황모형 등을 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 중도장애인 연구에 관한 이론구축 및 정책적, 임상적 개입에 그 함의가 클 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.768-781
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• 1996

The problem of care of patients and families with Alzheimer's disease has become a conscious raising social policy issue in Korea. The government of the Republic of Korea has become cognizant of the situation and has begun searching for ways to remedy it. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive under-standing of the situation in which patients and their families are struggling and the enormous problems of care. With a realization of the urgent need, this study was done to investigate the situation and the care needs of families with patients with Alzheimer's Disease, and to compare the effectiveness of services utilized by the families in terms of cost and effects on patient's conditions and on family live. The Subjects for the study were 29 families with hospitalized patients, 25 families utilizing hospital outpatient clinics, 14 families utilizing day care facilities, and 16 families with homebound patients. A total of 84 families were interviewed by four trained interviewers using structured and semistructured questionnaires. The data produced from these interviews included : the patient's stage of Alzheimer's disease, patient's bizarre behavior, hours spent on patient care per day, family burden and quality of life, direct and indirect costs encountered in the care of patients, and the families' evaluation of the effectiveness of the services received. The data were analyzed to determine the relationships between family charactersistics, patient's conditions and services utilization. The effectiveness of each of the service entities was assessed through families evaluation and hoped for service and comparisons were made between services in terms of the cost-effectiveness ratios. After initial comparison of cost-effectiveness ratios, further analysis was done to compare between groups for incremental effectiveness for each incremental unit of cost to determine the most cost-effective service entities. The findings of the study are as fellows : 1. The choice of living arrangement and the types of services are a function of the stage of Alzheimer's condition and the economic status of the family. 2. Comparision of the cost of care showed that most expenses were encountered in by families with hospitalization, families using outpatient services, and families using day care services in that order. The least expense was involved in the care of homebound patients. The economic burden felt by families was in the same order as expenses. 3. The average number of hours spent on daily patient care was 9.9 hours for the outpatient clinic users, 9.7 hours for homebound patients, and 5.4 hours for day care users. 4. There were significant differences in the patient's conditions (CDRL), bizarre behaviors and the families's burden by living arrangement and /or types of service. However, no significant difference was found between groups in the family's quality of life. 5. The families rated the services of day care center as most effective for the care of the patients and families, except for a few families who had experienced some improvement in the patient's conditions. The outpatient clinic users expressed psychological comforts mainly in that the patient was being taken care of. For those hospitalized patients, families expressed the comfort of being relieved of the burden of care and that the patient is being professionally cared for. Form the analysis of the costs, hours of patient care, patient's bizarre behaviors, family's quality of life and burdens, and family's evaluation of services, it is concluded that up to the mid stage of Alzheimer's condition, the utilization of day care center services is found to be the most cost-effective, and toward the end stage of the Alzheimer's disease, it is hoped that there will be a establishment of long term or short term in-patient facilities for the protection of patients and preservation of the integrity of families for less cost. Thus. it was concluded that the family centered system of care is the most effective for Korea with systematic support systems developed for the care of patients and their families according to the needs of families as the patient's condition deteriorates.

• 대한간호
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.66-77
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to develop a new nursing unit which can meet changing health care needs, enhance patients' satisfaction and nurses' job satisfaction, and finally guarantee quality nursing care with present manpower. For this, one medical unit was selected as a unit for quality care. And one medical unit which is similar in staffing and patients' characteristics was selected as a control unit. To assess present problems and identify the remedies to the problems a hospital-wide survey and a workshop were performed. According to the survey results, educational programs and improvement of the facilities and equipment supply system, managereal support for interdepartmental cooperation and intensification of bed-side nursing care were adopted as main principles for operating model unit, This model unit was operated for 3 months from Sep. 1, 1992 to Nov. 30, 1992. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model unit, derect/indirect nursing care hours, patients' satisfaction to nursing care, nurses' job satisfaction, and quality care index were measured. Direct/indirect nursing care hours were compared with that of the control unit, and patients' and nurses' satisfaction and quality care index were measured before and after operating model unit and compared with each other. The results of the study were as follows; 1. In the model unit mean direct nursing care hours per cach shift was 146.88 minutes and indirect nursing care hours was 354.72 minutes. The ratio of the direct nursing care hour to indirect nursing hour was 29.6 ; 70.4 and that of the control unit was 26.9 : 73.1. Direct nursing care hour in model unit was longer than that of the control unit. But, the difference was not significant. In subcategories of direct nursing care, the time spent in mobility and exercise, conservation of body temperature, hygiene, and communication and health education were longer than that of the con" trol unit. 2. Indirect nursing care hour in model unit was shorter than that of the control unit. But, the difference was not significant. In subcategories of indirect nursing care, the time spent in drug management and ward arrangement was shorter than that of the control unit. 3. Patients' satisfaction to nursing care was increased significantly after operating the model unit (T=-3.48, P=-0.002) and satisfaction to subcategories of physical comfort measure, psychological cate, and unit management components were significantly higher than before. 4. In the model unit, nurses' total job satisfaction was increased significantly after operating the model unit(Z=2.1004, P=.0357) and satisfaction to subcategory of satisfaction to administration was significantly higher than before (Z=-2.0732, P=.0382). 5. After operating the model unit, quality care index was increased from 89 to 93. With this results, it can be summarized that all the measures tried for quality care, such as educational programs, managereal support for interdepartmental cooperation, and improvement of the equipment and facility provision resulted in partial increase in direct nursing care hours, nurses satisfaction to their job and patients' satisfaction to nursing care. In can be postulated that managereal support and motivation without proper staff supplementation is not enough for increasing direct nursing care hours. And for the enhancement of the level in clinical nursing, and staff supplement must be considered sincerely and the measures for reducing indirect nursing care hours, such as computerization of nursing care activities, improvement of facilities and equipment and facilities supply system, must be instituted in addition.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.597-615
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• 1994

This study is designed to facilitate the creation of home environment conducive to the family taking care of chronic bed-ridden patients with more effective method. The need for this study has emerged against the background of marked changes in the structure of ailments and causes of death, resulting in the number and plights of chronic bed-ridden patients as well as of a rapid increase in demand for medical care and resulting premature discharge. Keeping these in mind, this study focused on home-wards where the majority of chronic bed-ridden patients are being cared for. Despite. their overriding importance, home-words are less than efficient in caring (or chronic bed-ridden patients. These circumstances require the designing of home-wards that can offer greater comfort to patients and at the same time make things easier for caregivers, on the basis of an overall analysis of patients' life and home - ward situation. According1y this study adopted a Participant Observation Method derived cultural anthropology, Toward this end, 3 patients were chosen as subjects of this study for intensive interviewing and participant observation. In the process of this field re-search efforts were made to collect emprical data, that is, to faithfully record the words of the subjects and their caregivers for analysis and interpretation. The findings of these analyses are as follows. Firstly, the chronic bed-ridden patients are mostly being taken care by close family members. Secondly, a room for the exclusive use of the patient, floor, kitchen, bathroom and multipurpose space were found to be necessary for proper caring of the patient. These spaces were respectively used with a view to 1) accomodating the patient as well as caregivers' activities, 2) keeping general and medical supplies and other appliances for patient's care and drying the patient's washing, 3) preparing and keeping the patient's foods and beverages, 4) keeping the supplies necessary for cleaning the patient's body and treating the patient's eliminations, 5) washing the patient's clothes, underwears and bedclothes. The patient's room in turn is subdivided into six portions in terms of uses : specifically the places for accomodating 1) the patient, 2) medical supplies, 3) medicines, 4) linens St clothes, 5) bedclothes and, 6) diapers. Thirdly, the activities of the caregiver are subdivided into seven key areas : hygiene, exercise, diet, elimination, therapeutic nursing, prevention of sore, and other activities. Each area is further classified into several different activities of caring. These activities we mainly carried out in the patient's room. Fourthly, the supplies for caring the chronic bed-ridden patient is divided into two large domains : medical and general supplies. Finally, three main problems areas were found in this study on the part of caregivers, that is, sore prevention, hygiene problem related frequent urination / defecation, the caregiver's physical, psych ological and emotional burden. In consideration of the aforesaid problem areas, a model home-ward was developed in this study. The newly-developed model has been found to have the following six advantages. Firstly, the time and effort required for maintaining the patient's hygiene are reduced, thus relievins the caregiver's physical and psychological bur-den. Secondly, the patient's hygiene can be maintained in satisfactory conditions, because the patient's eliminations are more easily removed. Thirdly, skin irritations caused by the patient's eliminations were remarkably reduced and so were the patient's sores due to moisture and bacteria. Fourthly, the home-ward have a tilt-table ef-fect thanks to the inclining room floor. This improves the patient's cardiovascular function as well as constantly changes pressed skin areas and thus prevents sores. Fifthly, improved shelf arrangements help make the best use of patient's supplies. Sixthly, the trouble of continuously changing clothes, underwears, diapers & bedclothes is remarkably reduced simply by covering the patient with cotton sheets when laid in bed. This is espected to cut down expenses by reducing the comsumptions of diapers and other disposable supplies.

• 복식
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• 제37권
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• pp.253-273
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• 1998

The culture reflects the ideology of a particular period in time and such values change according to the needs and requests of that time which eventually becomes an important factorin forming the exterior. The clothing is part of a way that composes and expresses the inherent substance of society and culture. Also, the clothing itself manifests the artistic values and behavior of mankind as an external structure maintaining its place as a big part in culture. The purpose of this study are to elucidat the concept of naturalism, which is discussed in many facets in the modern era; I studied the concept as well as the history of naturalism in order to manifest the meaning of clothing in the context of culture and I explained the concept in terms of the modern era. On such ground, I explained the naturalism expressed through clothing and characterized the exter-nal form of clothing. Also, in order to know the stream of naturalism in the modern context, I referred to the Vogue magazine of the 90s, using Delong's ABC method. Naturalism, in the context of modern fashion is a way to express the nostalgia of nature's vi-ability and purity of ecology apart from the artificial and structural appearance that resulted form scientific enhancement and hence, the ecological crisis. Naturalism pursues the soft- ness and comfort of the natural silhouette, color and material of the human body and it can be said that naturalism emphasizes the mix-ture of three substances : human, nature and clothing. The naturalism can be characterized by the factors expressed in clothing as follows. First, the naturalism shown in the form it-self draws the beauty of the bodyline without any reduction nor exaggeration. Without any distorttion of the human bodyline it shown the curve as one moves along, using the soft material. Second, the naturalism shown in color most-ly uses the natural tone with added white color and other color low in intensity and value like the receded colors of the earth that could be compared to the beauty of ecru. Third, the naturalism shown in the material is thin, light and soft in texture. In order to bring out the most natural curve of the human body, the natural fiber becomes the main material, sometimes, using crude materials. Due to the lindustrial improvement, softness and elasticity is added to the natural fibers giving them an important role as materials. Fourth, the naturalism shown in textile depicts the real natural objects in life. According to my study, the personality of naturalism in modern clothing was shown to be most strong in material and then in the order of form, texture and textile. The material com-posed of the natural silhouette and natural fibers were used to make soft color. In form, Paul Poiret made appearance expressing the natural beauty of the human body without the corset ; it continued with the inner lining making the clothing hard but in the 90s, lining-less, extremely exposed clothes and knit wear is used to emphasize the natural beauty of the body. In color and textile, the tendency spok-en above is not as strong but in color, instead of high intensity or value, the usage of neutral colors with added white color or ecru color, ear-th tone is increasing. In textile, the usage of flowers as natural material is seen frequently. As a whole, naturalistic trend in the 90s is increasing and the modern fashion is breaking out from the artificial and architectural form and conforming to a form that can realize the natural beauty of the human body. And the natural color and textile that conforms to such ideas are being used to pursue the human oriented trend that has appeared due to the increase in usage of soft natural fiber. Nowadays, the idea of returning to nature, defying the artificiality, desiring the leisure and psychological abundance that can be explained as naturalistic way of thinking is necessitated in this modern era as long as humans coexist with nature, this tendency will continue in clothing.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

PET/CT검사는 목적장기 및 조직에 집적된 방사성의약품의 표준섭취계수(SUV, standardized uptake value)를 객관적 지표로 이용하여, 인체 내 각 장기의 생리화학반응에 대한 정성 및 정량분석이 가능하다. 본 연구는 PET/CT검사를 하는 환자에게 $^{18}F-FDG$ (fluororodeoxyglucose) 투여 후 안정 상태 유지 중 음악 청취 여부에 따른 SUV의 변화를 분석하고, 음악 청취가 안정을 취하는 환자의 주관적 만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 평가하였다. 2011년 4월부터 2013년 2월까지 서울성모병원과 부천성모 병원을 내원한 원발성 암 환자 중 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT를 시행 하고, 추적검사를 통해 진료 받는 108명(평균연령 $55.61{\pm}12.41$세, 남자 48명, 여자 60명)을 대상으로 하였다. $^{18}F-FDG$ 투여 후, 1시간 안정 시 환자의 음악 청취 여부에 따라-최초 검사 시 음악 청취 없이 안정을 유지(A:최초 검사), 추적 검사 시 음악 청취를 하면서 안정을 유지(B: 추적 검사)-두 가지 그룹으로 분류하였다. 검사 종료 후 간 우엽의 중앙과 뇌의 3곳(전두엽, 후두엽, 측두엽)에 관심영역을 설정하여 SUV를 측정 후 SPSS software version 12.0K for window (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL)를 이용해 paired t-test를 실시하여 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다(P>0.05). 또한 음악 청취 여부에 따른 고객만족도를 평가하기 위하여 1:1 설문지 조사법을 시행하였고 설문지는 Likert 5점 척도를 이용해 작성하여 단순빈도, 백분율, 평균값, 표준편차를 분석하였다. 음악 청취 여부에 따른 SUV의 변화는 관심영역 4곳 모두 유의하지 않은(전두엽 P=0.611, 후두엽 P=0.499, 측두엽 P=0.717, 간 P=0.334: P>0.05) 것으로 나타났으며, 고객만족도는 실험 A는 3.95점, 실험 B는 4.37점(5점 만점 기준)으로 실험 A에 비해 실험 B의 경우 0.42점 높게 나타나 실험 B에서 환자들이 더욱 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. $^{18}F-FDG$를 이용한 PET/CT 검사 시 방사성의약품 투여 후 음악청취는 SUV에 영향을 미치지 않고 심리적으로 편안 한 상태를 주어 환자의 만족도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.