• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the mothers' rearing attitude of ADHD children and that of children with depressive disorder. Methods: The participant consisted of 58 school-aged children diagnosed as ADHD, 14 children diagnosed as depressive disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. Normal control group consisted of 34 school-aged children who are free of any diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, Parenting Style Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, Marital Satisfaction Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory were administered to all children and their mothers. Results: The parents of ADHD children showed more aggressive/hostile, neglecting/indifferent and less warm/affectionate parenting styles to their children than those of the depression and control groups. The depressive group perceived their parents as more rejecting than the control groups. Conclusion: The externalizing symptoms of ADHD might provoke parental distress and make it difficult for the parents to show positive rearing attitude toward their children. The depressive children might be more sensitive and perceptive to the negative sign of their parents' rearing attitude.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2006

Background : Several studies have suggested that alterations of cytokine level could be related to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In this study, we measured plasma level of Interleukin-12(IL-12), a pro-inflammatory cytokine and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$1(TGF-${\beta}$1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine before and after treatment in acute manic patients. Methods : The plasma concentrations of IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$1 were measured using quantitative ELISA in 18 bipolar disorder patients and 25 normal controls at admission and 6 weeks later. The psychopathology was measured by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS). Results : IL-12 levels were significantly higher in bipolar manic patients than in controls before treatment. Following the 6-week treatment, the IL-12 level was decreased than before treatment, but sustained still higher level than normal control. TGF-${\beta}$1 level was not significant different between manic patients and normal controls before treatment, but was increased after treatment comparing with before treatment in bipolar patients. The ratio of IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$1 was significantly decreased after treatment. Conclusion : Cytokine abnormalities in bipolar disorder might be involved in the pathophysiology of the illness. It is possible that TGF-${\beta}$1 plays an important role in the regulation of immunological imbalance in bipolar disorder.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2021

Objective : This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among North Korean defectors during preparation for early settlement. In addition, the correlation between PTSD and other mental disorders with suicidal ideation was assessed. Methods : A total of 639 North Korean defectors aged 19-65 years were included from resettlement and training centers. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Diagnostic Scale (PDS). The prevalence of other mental disorders and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Korean version of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (K-PDSQ). Results : A total of 6.8% of North Korean defectors had a PDS score >23, which was suggestive of a diagnosis of PTSD. Prior repatriation to North Korea was significantly associated with PTSD. The defectors with PTSD had a higher prevalence of other mental disorders (major depressive disorder prevalence: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 14.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-31.2, panic disorder prevalence: AOR, 9.5; 95% CI, 4.6-20.0, generalized anxiety disorder prevalence: AOR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.4-13.2). No significant association was found between suicidal ideation and PTSD. Conclusion : North Korean defectors had a relatively high prevalence of PTSD and suicidal ideation during preparation for early settlement. Cohort studies are needed to assess the lasting effects of PTSD on North Korean defectors' settlement in Korea for a longer period.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.489-494
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• 2020

We propose to designs and to implements a robot analyzing the risk of occurrence of mental disorder of single-person households' workers through the facial expression-detecting system. Due to complex social factors, the number and proportion of single-person households continues to increase. In addition, contrast to the household of many family members, the prevalence of mental disorder among single-person household varies greatly. Since most patients with mental can not detect the disease on their own, counseling and treatment with doctors are often ignored. In this study, we design and implement a robot analyzing the risk of mental disorder of single-person households workers by constructing a system with Q.bo One, a social robot created by Thecorpora. Q.bo One is consisted of Arduino, ar raspberry pie, and other sensors designed to detect and respond to sensors in the direction users want to implement. Based on the DSM-5 provided by the American Psychiatric Association, the risk of mental disorder occurrence was specified based on mental disorder. Q.bo One analyzed the facial expressions of the subjects for a week or two to evaluate depressive disorder, anxiety disorder. If the mental disorder occurrence risk is high, Q.bo One is designd to inform the subject to counsel and have medical treatment with a specialist.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2001

Whenever a clinician manages the patients with depression, he may meet various problems that make it difficult to treat them. Even though he has good skills and knowledge about depression, some barriers will be appear during his practice. In general, the difficulties in treating depression are treatment-resistance, adverse effects of antidepressants, pregnancy in female patients, comorbid medical conditions, poor compliance, drug-drug interactions, and so on, which are related with pharmacological treatments. Here, only the two of them, the treatment-resistant depression and difficult problems concerned with pregnancy, were discussed. Some level of treatment resistance is the norm rather than the exception. As the treatment failure stems from inadequate treatment, it is important that the clinician should prescribe medications with sufficient doseage and adequate duration. And to overcome the treatment resistant depression the polypharmacy is necessary, in that case, the side effects and toxicities should be explored and managed immediately. So the clinician have to learn more about the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of each drugs used in treatment of depression. When the risk of the fetus by the exposure is higher than the risk of untreated maternal psychiatric disorder, psychotropic medications should be used during pregnancy. Women who are maintained on psychotropics and become pregnant, as well as women with the new onset of psychiatric symptoms during pregnancy, should be carefully reassessed. However, data concerning the potential risk of long-term behavioral changes following prenatal exposure to psychotropics is rare, so further longitudinal follow-up studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 2002

Hypnosis as a traditional healing method, in its recent development, has generated a multitude of techniques. These serve as practical tools which can be combined with other therapy techniques for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric and medical conditions. The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of hypnosis is considerable and proves its clinical impact in various areas of application. This case review describes the integration of hypnotherapeutic methods into the continuum of psychiatric encounters in a general practice. Guidelines for the application of hypnosis in approaching and treating each patients with headache, sexual dysfunction and bronchial asthma were illustrated. As hypotheses mechanism of effectiveness in psychosomatic disorders has been formulated. Training in hypnotherapy provides the psychiatrist with skills needed to address psychophysiological disorders. Emphasis is placed on the necessity and opportunity for research on the efficacy and specific technique of hypnosis in the psychosomatic disorders.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.365-373
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• 1988

Information on work stress and mental health status of industrial workers was required for optimum staffing and health care management. This study dealt with the relationship between mental health status examined by PSI(psychiatric symptom index) and socio-demographic variables. Especially this study attempted to find relevant determinants of the stress and mental health through multiple stepwise regression analysis based on data obtained from 687 occupational workers. The findings of this study were as follows; Mean scores of symptom dimension were higher in youth, female, more educated, unmarried and divorced, and workers in the noisy condition and short duration in job. And it showed high scores in long duration in job for anxiety; college educated for anger; unmarried for cognitive disturbance. The factors affecting the mean scores of psychiatric symptom index were varied according to the types of symptom: age, sex and duration in job for anxiety; age, sex, living with parent, education and marital status for anger; sex and marital status for depression; noisy condition and sex for cognitive disorder.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

Fatigue is a significant problem in health care. The relationship between chronic fatigue and psychiatric disorders has generated significant interest in recent years. Increased rates of psychiatric disorder among individuals with chronic fatigue have been reported. Fatigue may be defined as physical and/or mental weariness resulting from exertion. The cause of fatigue is complex, influenced by events occurring in both the periphery and the central nervous system. Because fatigue may result from a number of causes, it should be treated comprehensively. The treatment is largely symptomatic and rehabilitative.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2011

Delirium is a common psychiatric disorder and occurs in many hospitalized older patients and has serious consequences including increased mortality rate. Despite its importance, health care clinicians often fail to recognize delirium or misdiagnosed as other psychiatric illness. Awareness of the etiologies and risk factors of delirium should enable clinicians to focus on patients at risk and to recognize delirium symptoms early. To improve early recognition of delirium, emphasis should be given to terminology, psychopathology and knowledge regarding clinical rating scale for delirium in the specific medical and surgical clinical settings. In this study, authors introduce rating scales for delirium and knowledge of clinical diagnostic process for delirium and give rise to appropriate assessment of delirium in the clinical situation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-27
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• 1994

Until recently there were arguments on the existence and the definition of childhood depression. In DSM-III(1980) childhood depression was accepted as the formal psychiatric disorder in childhood. As the diagnostic criteria for childhood depression is less clearly defined than those for other psychiatric disorders as well as prominent age-related variations in depression symptomatology, informations from various sources are very important in accurate diagnosis of childhood depression. Present study reviewed various assessment methods such as self-report questionnaires, interviews, behavior rating scales, structured tests and projective techniques with discussion on the merits and limitations of each method. Also several issues on the reliability and the validity of assessment techniques for childhood depression were discussed.