• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.2413-2419
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• 2015

Core spinal muscles are related to trunk stability and assume the main role of stabilizing the spine during daily activities; strengthening of core muscles around the spine can therefore reduce the chance of back pain. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of core muscle strengthening in the spine during spine stabilization exercise using a whole body tilt device. To achieve this, a validated musculoskeletal (MS) model of the whole body was used to replicate the input motion from the whole body tilting exercise. An inverse dynamics analysis was executed to estimate spine loads and muscle forces depending on the tilting angles of the exercise device. The activation of long and superficial back muscles such as the erector spinae (iliocostalis and longissimus) were mainly affected by the forward direction (-40°) of the tilt, while the front muscles (psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and external and internal obliques) were mainly affected by the backward tilting direction (40°). Deep muscles such as the multifidi and short muscles were activated in most directions of the rotation and tilt. The backward directions of the tilt using this device could be carefully applied for the elderly and for rehabilitation patients who are expected to have less muscle strength. In this study, it was shown that the spine stabilization exercise device can provide considerable muscle exercise effect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.235-238
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• 2010

We present a case of tuberculous spondylitis in which diagnosis was masked by a concomitant pyogenic infection. The patient had undergone percutaneous needle aspiration of an abscess in the cavity of the psoas muscle. Early results from the culture regimen showed isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. After eight weeks, mycobacterium tuberculosis was grown at regimen which was cultured at the same site. Initial isolation of pyogenic bacteria, considered to be highly virulent organisms, led to delayed diagnosis and treatment of the tuberculosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1014-1018
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• 2004

Relationships between muscle $\alpha$-tocopherol oncentrations and metmyoglobin percentages during display of six muscles, m. serratus ventralis (SV), m. psoas major (PM), m. gluteus medius (GM), m. semimembranosus (SM), m. semitendinosus (ST) and m. longissimus lumborum (LL), of Japanese Black steers slaughtered at 28 months of age were studied. Steers were supplemented with 0, 2,000 and 4,000 mg $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate/head/day for 28 days prior to slaughter in the VE 0, the VE 2,000 and the VE 4,000 groups, respectively. $\alpha$-Tocopherol concentrations in PM, GM, SM, ST and LL of the VE 2,000 and the VE 4,000 groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the VE 0 group. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations in all muscles between the VE 2,000 group and the VE 4,000 group. The muscle $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations ($\ell$/g meat) which can retard metmyoglobin formation in muscles were estimated to be 5.3 for SV, 4.5 for PM, 4.2 for GM, 4.0 for SM, 3.6 for ST and 3.5 for LL. The equation to predict color-shelf-life of each muscle from the $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in each muscle could be obtained.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2024

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate clinical the trends of Korean medicine treatments for iliopsoas muscle. Methods 6 Korean and foreign on-line databases were researched for articles discussing Korean medicine treatments for iliopsoas muscle. The included studies were classified according to the published years, study designs, techniques of treatment and evaluation method. Results The total number of studies selected was 12, which included 8 case reports, 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT), and 2 non-RCT. In these studies, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Chuna, and herbal medicine were used for treatment. Most studies used visual analogue scale as primary outcome. Conclusions Based on the results of the collected studies, we analyzed the clinical trends of Korean medicine treatments for iliopsoas muscle. The results showed that a variety of Korean medicine treatments can be applied to the iliopsoas muscle and positive effects can be confirmed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.887-898
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• 1993

In order to determine the effect of iron depletion and subsequent supplementation on the muscle capacity for peroxisomal (PO) and mitochondrial(MO) $\beta$-oxidation during high fat feeding, weanling rats were fed a 44% (HF) or 2.5% (LF) fat diet with (+Fe) or without (-Fe) iron for 6 or 9 weeks. After 1 week rats fed HF+Fe or HF-Fe had 50-100% more PO and MO in heart, soleus, psoas and gastrocnemius than did rats fed low fat, but after 3 weeks rats fed HF-Fe had lower muscle PO and MO. In muscles of iron depleted rats PO and MO were not increased by supplementation with iron for 3 weeks. After 6 weeks MO and PO in skeletal muscles of rats fed HF+Fe were lower than after 3 weeks. It is concluded that adequate iron is necessary for miaximum response of muscle PO and MO to high fat feeding. However, after 6 weeks both PO and MO have returned to levels similar to those of rats fed low fat diets, hence, the elevated catalase activities seen at this time do not reflect peroxisomal $\beta$-oxidation.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.132-144
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to optimize staining procedures for muscle fiber typing efficiently and rapidly in bovine and porcine skeletal muscles, such as longissimus thoracis, psoas major, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. The commercially available monoclonal anti-myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibodies and fluorescent dye-conjugated secondary antibodies were applied to immunofluorescence histology. Two different procedures, such as cocktail and serial staining, were adopted to immunofluorescence analysis. In bovine muscles, three pure types (I, IIA, and IIX) and one hybrid type, IIA+IIX, were identified by the cocktail procedure with a combination of BA-F8, SC-71, BF-35, and 6H1 anti-MHC antibodies. Porcine muscle fibers were typed into four pure types (I, IIA, IIX, and IIB) and two hybrid types (IIA+IIX and IIX+IIB) by a serial procedure with a combination of BA-F8, SC-71, BF-35, and BF-F3. Unlike for bovine muscle, the cocktail procedure was not recommended in porcine muscle fiber typing because of the abnormal reactivity of SC-71 antibody under cocktail procedure. Within the four antibodies, combinations of two or more anti-MHC antibodies allowed us to distinguish pure fiber types or all fiber types including hybrid types. Application of other secondary antibodies conjugated with different fluorescent dyes allowed us to get improved image resolution that clearly distinguished hybrid fibers. Muscle fiber characteristics differed depending on species and muscle types.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was investigated to observe Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human. Methods : In order to expose components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle, cadaver was dissected in the order of their depth; being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layer. Results : Anatomical components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human are composed of muscles such as flexor digitorum brevis tendon, abductor hallucis muscle, psoas major m., erector spinae m., and flexor retinaculum, fascia such as plantar aoneurosis, ligament such as sacrotuberal ligament, sacrospinous lig., nuchal lig., nerves such as plantar cut. br. of med. plantar nerve, med. crural cut. br. of saphenous n., br. of tibial n., post. femoral cut. n., spinal n.(dorsal rami of C4-6, T7-12, L1-3, and S1-3), and autonomic nervous system(sacral plexus, pelvic splanchnic n., etc.), and etc. Conclusions : This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle, and the methodical aspects of analytic process. In addition, Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human is a comprehensive concept including the relevant nerves, but it remains questionable.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2010

For stability analysis of the lumbar spine, the hypothesis presented is that the disc has stress sensors driving feedback mechanism, which could react to the imposed loads by adjusting the contraction of the muscles. Fusion in the motion segment of the lumbar spinal column is believed to alter the stability of the spinal column. To identify this effect finite element (FE) models combined with optimization technique was applied and quantify the role of each muscle and reaction forces in the spinal column with respect to the fusion level. The musculoskeletal FE model was consisted with detailed whole lumbar spine, pelvis, sacrum, coccyx and simplified trunk model. Vertebral body and pelvis were modeled as a rigid body and the rib cage was constructed with rigid truss element for the computational efficiency. Spinal fusion model was applied to L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1 (single level) and L3-L5 (two levels) segments. Muscle architecture with 46 local muscles was used as acting directions. Minimization of the nucleus pressure deviation and annulus fiber average axial stress deviation was selected for cost function. As a result, spinal fusion produced reaction changes at each motion segment as well as contribution of each muscle. Longissimus thoracis and psoas major muscle showed dramatic changes for the cases of L5-S1 and L3-L5 level fusion. Muscle force change at each muscle also generated relatively high nucleus pressure not only at the adjacent level but at another level, which can explain disc degeneration pattern observed in clinical study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1292-1296
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• 2007

To investigate the gel properties of surimi-like materials (SLM) made from pig heart (PH), psoas major muscle (PM) and semimembranosus muscle (SM) of pigs, the three muscles were diced, chopped and washed with 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to extract myofibrillar protein. SLM from SM had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture content and lower crude protein content compared with PH and PM samples. The cooked SLM from PH was darker than that from PM and SM. Gel from PH had significantly (p<0.05) lower L* and hue values, and higher b* and chroma values compared to gels from PM and SM. The cooked SLM from PH had poor water-holding capacity (WHC) resulting in higher cooking loss. SDS-PAGE showed that the bands of myosin and tropomyosin/troponin had reduced staining intensity in the PH sample, and some unidentified bands that were not in PM and SM samples were observed in PH samples.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.819-828
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• 2016

Muscle fiber characteristics account for meat quality and muscle fibers are mainly classified into three or more types according to their contractile and metabolic properties. However, the majority of previous studies on bovine skeletal muscle are based on myosin ATPase activity. In the present study, the differences in the characteristics of muscle fibers classified by the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) among four bovine skeletal muscles such as longissimus thoracis (LT), psoas major (PM), semimembranosus (SM) and semi-tendinosus (ST) and their relationships to beef quality were investigated. MHCs 2x, 2a and slow were identified by LC-MS/MS and IIX, IIA and I fiber types were classified. PM, which had the smallest size and highest density of fibers regardless of type, showed the highest myoglobin content, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ and sarcomere length (p<0.05), whereas ST with the highest composition of IIX, showed high shear force and low sarcomere length (p<0.05). The correlation coefficients between muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality showed that type IIX is closely related to poor beef quality and that a high density of small-sized fibers is related to redness and tenderness. Therefore, the differences in meat quality between muscles can be explained by the differences in muscle fiber characteristics, and especially, the muscles with good quality are composed of more small-sized fibers regardless of fiber type.