• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.327-345
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• 2016

Many experimental and analytical studies have been conducted with beam-column subassemblages composed of a two-span beam to investigate the progressive collapse resistance of RC frames. Most study results reveal a strength-decreased transition phase in the nonlinear static load-deflection curve, which may induce dynamic snap-through response and increase the chord rotation demand for effective catenary action (ECA). In this study, the nonlinear static response is idealized as a piecewise linear curve and analytical pseudo-static response is derived for each linearized region to investigate the rotation demands for the ECA of the two-span RC beams. With analytical parameters determined from several published test results, numerical analysis results indicate that the rotation demand of 0.20 rad recommended in the design guidelines does not always guarantee the ECA. A higher rotation demand may be induced for the two-span beams designed with smaller span-to-depth ratios and it is better to use their peak arch resistance (PAR) as the collapse strength. A tensile reinforcement ratio not greater than 1.0% and a span-to-depth ratio not less than 7.0 are suggested for the two-span RC beams bridging the removed column if the ECA is expected for the collapse resistance. Also, complementary pseudo-static analysis is advised to verify the ECA under realistic dynamic column loss even though the static PAR is recovered in the nonlinear static response. A practical empirical formula is provided to estimate an approximate rotation demand for the ECA.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2005

Seismic analysis methods in use on ground structure are equivalentstatic analysis, response-displacement method and dynamic analysis etc. Equivalentstatic analysis does not considerdynamic effect, and dynamic analysis process is very complex. then 'Urbanrail transit earthquake-resistance design standard (2005.06)' is persuading that analyze by response displacement method that consider enough dynamic effect of ground structure statically. But, It is very complex and difficult to apply response-displacement method in the field. So, modified equivalentstatic analysis or pseudo static analysis that is easy to apply in the field and have rationality of design is practically used. In this study, I try to prescribe the applicable scale of structure and static analysis that have calculative effectiveness about response-displacement method by comparing and analyzing the result of each analysis method according to the scale of urban rail transit' box type concrete structure and by performing seismic analysis that apply modified equivalentstatic analysis, pseudo static analysis and response-displacement method changing the kind of ground, depth of bedrock, size of structure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.497-511
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• 1996

The equivalent static force procedure and the response spectrum analysis method are widely used for seismic analyses of multi-story buildings. The equivalent static force procedure is one of the most simple but less accurate method in predicting possible seismic response of a structure. The response spectrum analysis method provides more accurate results while it takes much longer computational time. In the response spectrum method, dynamic response of a multi-story building is obtained by combining modal responses through a proper procedure such as SRSS or CQC method. Since all of the analysis results are expressed in absolute values, structural engineers have difficulties to combine them with the results obtained from the static analysis. Design automation is interrupted at this stage because of the difficulty in the decision of the most critical design load. Pseudo-dynamic analysis method proposed in this study provides more accurate seismic analysis results than those of the equivalent static force procedure since the dynamic characteristics of a structure is considered. And the proposed method has an advantage in combination of the analysis results due to gravity loads and seismic loads since the direction of the forces can be considered.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2021

현재 공용중인 교량에 대한 재하시험으로 계측한 응답과 초기해석모델의 해석 응답을 비교하여 응답보정계수를 계산하고, 이 모델을 사용하여 내하율과 내하력을 평가하는 방법을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 응답보정계수는 계측 위치와 하중 조건에 따라 변동하는 값을 준다. 특히 초기해석모델이 교량의 거동에 합당하지 않은 경우, 그 변동 폭이 크며 보정된 모델에 의한 해석 응답이 계측된 응답과 동떨어진 결과를 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 저속으로 주행하는 차량의 다양한 하중 조건에서 동적 성분을 제거한 정적 응답을 얻기 위해 의사정적재하시험법을 적용하였다. 두 개의 유사한 PSC-I 거더교에서 정적 응답을 계측하고, 두 교량 각각에 대한 변위와 변형률에 대한 응답보정계수를 계산하였다. 초기해석모델이 제대로 설정되어 있지 않다면, 평균적으로 구한 응답보정계수로 보정한 모델의 해석 응답이 계측 응답과 오차범위 내에 들어오는지 않음을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2019

Unbonded Post-Tensioned (UPT) precast concrete systems have been shown to provide excellent seismic resistance. In order to improve understanding of the dynamic response of UPT systems, a series of snap back tests on four UPT systems was undertaken consisting of one Single Rocking Wall (SRW) and three Precast Wall with End Columns (PreWEC) systems. The snap back tests provided both a static pushover and a nonlinear free vibration response of a system. As expected the SRW exhibited an approximate bi-linear inertia force-drift response during the free vibration decay and the PreWEC walls showed an inertia force-drift response with increased strength and energy dissipation due to the addition of steel O-connectors. All walls exhibited negligible residual drifts regardless of the number of O-connectors or the post-tensioning force. When PreWEC systems of the same strength were compared the inclusion of further energy dissipating O-connectors was found to decrease the measured peak wall acceleration. Both the local and global wall parameters measured at pseudo-static and dynamic loading rates showed similar behaviour, which demonstrates that the dynamic behaviour of UPT walls is well represented by pseudo-static tests. The SRW was found to have Equivalent Viscous Damping (EVD) between 0.9-3.8% and the three PreWEC walls were found to have maximum EVD of between 14.7-25.8%.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2021

유사정적해석법은 실무에서 지진 시 사면의 안전계수를 구하기 위하여 널리 사용되고 있다. 반면에 동적해석은 지진 시 지반의 응력-변형관계를 가장 잘 모사할 수 있다는 장점에도 불구하고 설계기준에서 요구되는 안전계수를 산정하기 어려워 실무적으로 그 활용이 많지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 응답이력해석으로 사면의 동적 안전계수를 산정하는 기법을 구축하였다. 이 방법은 최대가속도를 인위적으로 조절해서 지진계수를 산정하는 유사정적해석법의 문제점을 극복하며 사면 고유의 증폭 특성을 고려할 수 있다. 제안된 방법은 단일 사면에 대해서 적용하였으며 해석 결과를 유사정적해석법과 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 사면 사례에서는 동적해석결과로부터 계산된 사면의 최소 안전계수는 유사정적해석결과와 유사하게 평가되었으며, 수평방향 지진계수와 활동 토체의 평균 가속도가 최대가 되는 시점에서 동적 안전계수는 최소가 됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.732-737
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• 2005

This paper performed pseudo static analysis and dynamic analysis for CFRD and evaluated reliability with the results of Shaking Table Test. The Seismic coefficient method, modified seismic coefficient method, Newmark method of Pseudo static analysis and frequency domain response analysis, time domain history analysis of dynamic analysis were used. The analysis results were differ between analysis method, but the trends of acceleration and displacement were good agreement with the results of shaking table test.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

교량의 지진응답해석시 단면의 비선형 거동특성에 따른 휨변형을 정밀하게 구현하기 위해 섬유요소를 이용한 해석이 수행되었다. 2주형 다주교각을 섬유요소로 모델링하여 지진하중에 대한 비선형 정적해석을 수행하였으며 소성힌지 영역에서의 파괴 메카니즘을 분석하였다. 비선형 정적해석으로 얻어진 하중-변위 곡선을 이용하여 역량스펙트럼 방법에 의한 지진응답해석을 수행되었다. 또한 교량 전체 시스템을 섬유요소를 이용하여 모델링하고 동일한 응답스펙트럼을 가지는 지진파를 입력하여 비선형 시간이력 해석을 수행되었으며 이는 역량스펙트럼 방법과 유사한 결과를 보인다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.759-773
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• 2012

The objective of this paper is to present an energy-based method for calculating target displacement of RC structures. The method, which uses the Newmark-Hall pseudo-velocity spectrum, is called the "Pseudo-velocity Spectrum (PSVS) Method". The method is based on the energy balance concept that uses the equality of energy demand and energy capacity of the structure. First, nonlinear static analyses are performed for five, eight and ten-story RC frame structures and pushover curves are obtained. Then the pushover curves are converted to energy capacity diagrams. Seven strong ground motions that were recorded at different soil sites in Turkey are used to obtain the pseudo-acceleration and the pseudo-velocity response spectra. Later, the response spectra are idealised with the Newmark-Hall approximation. Afterwards, energy demands for the RC structures are calculated using the idealised pseudo-velocity spectrum. The displacements, obtained from the energy capacity diagrams that fit to the energy demand values of the RC structures, are accepted as the energy-based performance point of the structures. Consequently, the target displacement values determined from the PSVS Method are checked using the displacement-based successive approach in the Turkish Seismic Design Code. The results show that the target displacements of RC frame structures obtained from the PSVS Method are very close to the values calculated by the approach given in the Turkish Seismic Design Code.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2024

In the seismic evaluation of underground utility tunnels, selecting an analytical method is critical to estimating reasonable seismic responses. In simplified pseudo-static analysis methods widely applied to typical seismic design and evaluation of underground tunnels in practice, it is essential to check whether the methods provide valid results for cut-and-cover tunnels buried in shallow to medium depth. The differences between the two simplified pseudo-static methods are discussed in this study, and the analysis results are compared to those obtained from FLAC models. In addition to the analysis methods, seismic site classification, overburden soil depth, and sectional configuration are considered variables to examine their effects on the seismic response of underground utility tunnels. Based on the analysis results, the characteristics derived from the concepts and details of each simplified model are discussed. Also, general observations are made for the application of simplified analysis methods.