• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.555-570
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• 2023

In the current study, a series of experimental and analytical evaluations were performed to introduce the horizontal pseudo static coefficient (kh) as a function of the wall configuration and the reinforcement type for analyzing reinforced soil walls. For this purpose, eight shaking table tests were performed on reduced-scale models of integrated and two-tiered walls reinforced by metal strip and geogrid to determine the distribution of dynamic lateral pressure in the walls. Then, the physical models were analyzed using Mononobe-Okabe method to estimate the value of kh required to establish the dynamic lateral pressures similar to those observed in shaking table tests. Based on the results, the horizontal pseudo static coefficient and the position of resultant lateral force (R) were introduced as a function of the horizontal peak ground acceleration (HPGA), the wall configuration, the reinforcement type as well as maximum wall displacement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2020

This paper investigates the stability of a three-dimensional (3D) wedge under the pseudo-static action of an earthquake based on the nonlinear Barton-Bandis (B-B) failure criterion. The influences of the mechanical parameters of the discontinuity surface, the geometric parameters of the wedge and the pseudo-static parameters of the earthquake on the stability of the wedge are analyzed, as well as the sensitivity of these parameters. Moreover, a stereographic projection is used to evaluate the influence of pseudo-static direction on instability mode. The parametric analyses show that the stability coefficient and the instability mode of the wedge depend on the mechanical parameter of the rock mass, the geometric form of the wedge and the pseudo-static state of the earthquake. The friction angle of the rock φ_b, the roughness coefficient of the structure surface JRC and the two angles related to strikes of the joints θ₁ and θ₂ are sensitive to stability. Furthermore, the sensitivity of wedge height h, the compressive strength of the rock at the fracture surface JCS and the slope angle α to the stability are insignificant.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.205-212
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• 2002

It was performed that the stability evaluation using pseudo-static method and modified pseudo-static method for rockfill and rockfill-concrete section of composite dam. As a results of pseudo-static and modified pseudo-static analysis using seismic coefficient 0.154g, the maximum displacement at dam crest was occurred about 14~18cm on rockfill section and about 5~9cm on rockfill-concrete section, respectively. Also, that the factor of safety of down slope was more than 1.0~1.5. the rockfill and rockfill-concrete section of composite dam did not show any stability problems for 0.154g. Further research is still necessary in seismic safety of composite dam.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2019

Dams have a great importance on energy and irrigation. Dams must be evaluated statically and dynamically even after construction. For this purpose, Torul dam built between years 2000 and 2007 Harsit River in Gümüşhane province, Turkey, is selected as an application. The Torul dam has 137 m height and 322 GWh annual energy production capacity. Torul dam is a kind of concrete face rock fill dam (CFRD). In this study, static and pseudo seismic stability of Torul dam was investigated using finite element method. Torul dam model is constituted by numerical stress analysis named Phase2 which is based on finite element method. The dam was examined under 11 different water filling levels. Thirteenth stage of the numerical model is corresponding full reservoir condition which water filled up under crest line. Besides, pseudo static coefficients for dynamic condition applied to the dam in fourteenth stage of the model. Stability assessment of the Torul dam has been discussed according to the displacement throughout the dam body. For static and pseudo seismic cases, the displacements in the dam body have been compared. The total displacements of the dam according to its the empty state increase dramatically at the height of the water level of about 70 m and above. Compared to the pseudo-seismic analysis, the displacement of dam at the full reservoir condition is approximately two times as high as static analysis.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2020

국내에서는 비탈면을 대상으로 유사정적해석 시 수평 지진계수에 대한 적용 규정과 적용 사례들이 많이 있지만 연직 지진계수에 대한 규정이나 사례는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 연직 지진계수의 영향도를 검토하고자 단양군 단양읍 ◯◯리를 대상으로 현장조사 및 실내시험을 수행하고, 이를 반영하여 무한사면 안정해석 기반의 유사정적 사면안정해석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 지진규모가 5 이하인 경우에는 연직 지진계수의 영향이 거의 없는 것으로 분석되며, 지진규모가 6 이상인 경우에는 연직 지진계수가 안전율 1.1 이하의 불안정 영역을 크게 증가시키는 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 경향은 강우가 없는 조건보다 강우가 있는 조건에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타난다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.732-737
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• 2005

This paper performed pseudo static analysis and dynamic analysis for CFRD and evaluated reliability with the results of Shaking Table Test. The Seismic coefficient method, modified seismic coefficient method, Newmark method of Pseudo static analysis and frequency domain response analysis, time domain history analysis of dynamic analysis were used. The analysis results were differ between analysis method, but the trends of acceleration and displacement were good agreement with the results of shaking table test.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

Pseudo-static approach has been conventionally applied for the design of gravity quay walls. In this method, the decision to select an appropriate seismic coefficient ($k_h$) is an important one, since $k_h$ is a key variable for computing an equivalent pseudo-static inertia force. Nonetheless, there is no unified standard for defining $k_h$. Likewise, port structure designers in Korea have a difficulty in choosing an appropriate $k_h$ definition, as there are conflicts in how $k_h$ is defined between the existing seismic code of port structures and the proposed new one. In this research, various seismic design codes for port structures were analyzed to compare the definitions of the seismic coefficient. The results were used for the proposing a unified seismic coefficient definition. Further, two dynamic centrifuge tests were performed with different wall heights (5 m, 15 m) to clarify the reference point of peak acceleration used in determination of $k_h$ according to the wall height. Results from dynamic centrifuge experiments showed that correction factors for the peak ground acceleration considering both the wall height and allowable displacement are needed to calculate $k_h$.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2021

유사정적해석법은 실무에서 지진 시 사면의 안전계수를 구하기 위하여 널리 사용되고 있다. 반면에 동적해석은 지진 시 지반의 응력-변형관계를 가장 잘 모사할 수 있다는 장점에도 불구하고 설계기준에서 요구되는 안전계수를 산정하기 어려워 실무적으로 그 활용이 많지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 응답이력해석으로 사면의 동적 안전계수를 산정하는 기법을 구축하였다. 이 방법은 최대가속도를 인위적으로 조절해서 지진계수를 산정하는 유사정적해석법의 문제점을 극복하며 사면 고유의 증폭 특성을 고려할 수 있다. 제안된 방법은 단일 사면에 대해서 적용하였으며 해석 결과를 유사정적해석법과 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 사면 사례에서는 동적해석결과로부터 계산된 사면의 최소 안전계수는 유사정적해석결과와 유사하게 평가되었으며, 수평방향 지진계수와 활동 토체의 평균 가속도가 최대가 되는 시점에서 동적 안전계수는 최소가 됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Pseudo-static approach has been conventionally applied for the design of gravity type quay walls. In this method, seismic coefficient ($k_h$), expressed in terms of acceleration due to gravity, is used to convert the real dynamic behavior to an equivalent pseudo-static inertial force for seismic analysis and design. Therefore, the calculation of an appropriate $k_h$ considering frequency characteristics of input earthquake is critical for representing the real dynamic behavior. However, the definitions of $k_h$, which is used for simplified analysis in Korea, focuses only on convenience that is easy to use, and the frequency characteristics of input earthquake are not reflected in the $k_h$ definitions. This paper evaluates the influences of the frequency characteristics of input earthquake on $k_h$ by initially reviewing the $k_h$ definitions in the existing codes of Japan for port structures and then by performing a series of dynamic centrifuge tests on caisson gravity quay walls of different earthquake input motions (Ofunato, Hachinohe). A review of the existing codes and guidelines has shown that the $k_h$ values are differently estimated according to the frequency characteristics of input earthquake. On the other hand, based on the centrifuge tests, it was found that the permanent displacements of wall are more induced when long-period-dominant earthquake is applied.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4239-4249
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• 2011

일본과 같은 지진 빈발국은 CFRD의 경우 지진시 댐제체 상류부의 Face Slab에 응력이 집중하여 파괴되는 경우를 대부분 상정하여 내진안정성을 평가한다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 현재까지 이에 대한 명확한 해석방법이 확립되어 있지 않다. 본 논문은 CFRD에 대하여 등가정적해석 및 동적해석 수행 후 진동대시험과 비교하여 그 신뢰성을 평가하였다. 등가정적해석은 진도법, 수정진도법, Newmark법을 적용하였고 동적해석은 주파수응답해석, 시간이력 해석법을 적용하였다. 해석결과 해석 방법별 편차는 발생하나 가속도 및 변위의 발생경향은 진동대시험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.