• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 2018

Restoration ecology is the practical study of renewing and restoring a spoilt, degraded, or devastated ecosystems in the environment. Because the Korean industry has been drastically developed for the past few decades, the Korean ecosystem requires restoration using regional seed. In this study, we identified the variation of phylogenic relationship of Miscanthus sinensis or Phragmites australis by locations in Korea. Chloroplast DNA atpF-H and psbA-trnH interspace region were used as a molecular marker to resolve the phylogenic relationship in 10 different locations. We performed the molecular phylogenetic analysis with 10 chloroplast DNAs from each location using Kimura 2-parameter. The analysis of Miscanthus showed that all atpF-H genes were exact matches except for Ose san. In contrast to Mischanthus, the atpF-H genes from Phragmites were observed to have more variation. A total of 7 locations revealed the variation in chloroplast gene. According to the phylogenic tree in Phragmites, 2 of 10 samples in 6 locations and 3 of 10 in 1 location showed variation with 0.160-0.181 genetic distance. According to the genetic distance of the Miscanthus sinensis, there were no mutations in all regions except the Hongsung. These results support regional differences and show the necessity for seed collection by region. In the case of Phragmites australis, genetic variation occurred in all regions.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.52
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• pp.69-89
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• 2010

We investigated the frames represented in the news media coverage in Korean daily newspapers during dismissal procedure of the director-general of the public service broadcaster, KBS. We analyzed 470 newspaper stories in the period surrounding the dismissal. The use of news frames in newspapers depended on the disposition of outlets, conservative or progressive. Conservative newspapers, ChoSun and DongA, described the dismissal of the director -general with a generally favorable or supportive view, but progressive outlets, Hankyoreh and KyeongHyang, reported more and non-favorable for the issue. Our results showed that conservative newspapers more often used episodic and cause for dismissal frame in the presentation of news, whereas progressive more often used thematic and media independence frames. Main frames commonly used in the news are the cause for dismissal, conflict, media independence, and regime maintenance, respectively, which are formed by 9 minor news frames. Conservative newspapers concentered on the cause attribution; management responsibility, conflicts, and dismissal procedures, but progressive focused on media independence and dismissal procedures. All newspapers selectively quoted groups, institutions and actors to enhance their messages and frames. Finally, there was significant difference between stories in each newspapers and the court's ruling for the dismissal.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2016

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have gained worldwide importance and acceptance due to their agricultural benefits. These microorganisms are potential tools for sustainable agriculture, with effects on plant growth, biofertilization, induced systemic resistance, and biocontrol of plant pathogens. In this study, four different Pantoea species were isolated from field soil, and their plant growth-promoting characteristics were studied. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing analyses, the se were grouped into Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea citrea, Pantoea dispersa, Pantoea vagans and named as Pa1, Pc1, Pd1, Pv1, respectively. All of these strains have their ability for solubilization of insoluble phosphate depending on pH decrease at the range around pH 5 at 1days after inoculation and production of plant hormone indole acetic acid (IAA) with 85.3±16.3 μg/ml of Pa1, 183.9±16.8 μg/ml of Pc1, 28.8±17.3 μg/ml of Pd1 and 114.1±16.5 μg/ml of Pv1, respectively. Pa1, Pc1 and Pd1 also have high activity for production of gibberellin (GA₃) hormone with 331.1±19.2 μg/ml of Pa1, 288.5±16.8 μg/ml of Pc1, 309.2±18.2 μg/ml of Pd1, but Pv1 does not. Furthermore, all these species have significantly promoted the growth of the lettuce seedling plants at the range around 32~37% for fresh weight and 10~15% for shoot length enhancement, so that these microbe could be used as a potential bio-fertilizer agents.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two glimepiride tablets, $Amaryl^{\circledR}$ (Handok/Aventis Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Glimed (Kuhn II Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The glimepiride release from the two glimepiride formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB 80 into each dissolution medium). Twenty six healthy male subjects, $22.65{\pm}2.19$ years in age and $66.55{\pm}8.85$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\;{\times}\;2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg as glimepiride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of glimepiride in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Amaryl were -3.70, -8.28 and 0.61% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $log(0.84){\sim}log(1.04)$ for $log(0.82){\sim}log(1.03)$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Glimed tablet and Amaryl tablet were bioequivalent.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 1998

Fenitrothion-degrading microorganisms were isolated from 124 sampling sites of paddy, upland, forest and polluted soil, and wastewater. A total of 1,071 strains were isolated from each selective medium supplemented with 50mg/l of fenitrothion - nutrient agar (NA) 601, potato dextrose agar (PDA) 201, Actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA) 168 and basal salt medium (BSM) 101, respectively. Twenty-eight effective strains of them, which showed more than 80% degradation of fenitrothion by the gasliquid chromatography(GLC) analysis. were successfully selected from each liquid culture supplemented with 50mg/l of fenitrothion - NB 12(upland soil 3, paddy soil 3, forest soil 2, polluted soil 4), PDB 8(upland soil 1, paddy soil 2, forest soil 2, polluted soil 3) and PSB 8(upland soil 1, forest soil 1, polluted soil 6), respectively. Four strains - NPal, NFol, PFol and BPol, which have the most powerful degradation activity were finally selected among 28 fenitrothion-degrading microorganisms based on the degradation rate at the concentration of 100mg/l fenitrothion in enrichment media.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.590-626
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• 2009

The limitation and scarcity of broadcasting waves provide important rationale behind the idea of public ownership of broadcasting waves which can facilitate communications among people with diverse backgrounds and values in the society. Independence of broadcasting industry from the regulatory organization is imperative for the broadcasting industry to serve the public interest that has been historically defined by each county. For the Korean broadcasting industry, history of modern Korea taught us that the broadcasting regulatory organizations such as Korea Communications Commission(KCC) should be kept from any political influence for the industry to best serve the public. Recent controversies on the role of the CEO of KBS and the appointment of the CEO of YTN by the president of the country provide evidence that the independence of broadcasting in Korean society is a critical topic. This study examined the corporate structures of broadcasting industry and the political independence of the industry in relation to the changes in the concept of public interest and the role of broadcasting. It is critically important to investigate the political independence of broadcasting in Korea because the core argument of independence of broadcasting which is about the freedom of expression protected by the constitution is still contested in the country. For the purpose of collecting diverse perspectives on broadcasting, survey method was adopted in this study. Three groups Abstracts 697 of participants were recruited: reporters, experts in the field, and regular citizens. The result indicated that the independence of broadcasting was in the process of deterioration. Also, the participants of the study understood that it was impossible for the broadcasting to serve the public interest when the broadcasting was not free from the influence of regulatory institutions such as KCC.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.282-290
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• 1997

Hepatocytes of Anguilla japonica have been prepared using a collagenase perfusion technique. The isolated cells attached efficiently to fibronectin-coated culture dishes and subsequently formed monolayers in serum-free medium. These cultures maintained in appropriate medium at least for 10 days with minimal cell loss. The effects of estradiol and pituitary hormones on vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis were examined in primary hepatocyte culture of the immature eels. In fish, as in other oviparous vertebrates, estrogen is a major inducer of Vg synthesis. However, $estradiol-17\beta(E_2)$ alone was insufficient to induce Vg synthesis in cultures of eel hepatocytes. Combination of $E_2$ with growth hormone (GH) and/or prolactin (PRL) markedly stimulated Vg synthesis. Even in cultures exposed to $E_2$ or precultured without hormones for 8 days, $E_2$ alone could not fully induce Vg synthesis. The synthesis of Vg was dramatically increased when hepatocytes were cultured in medium supplemented with $E_{2}+GH+PRL$ for 6 days. At this point, even though GH and/or PRL were eliminated from the medium, Vg synthesis was not influenced by these factors during culture of further 3 days. These results indicate that pituitary hormones, in particular GH and PRL, play important roles in the regulation of Vg synthesis in primary cultures of eel hepatocytes.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2001

Carvedilol is an antihypertensive and antianginal compound that combines nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking and vasodilation properties and is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two carvedilol tablets, $Dilatrend^{TM}$ (Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and $Carvelol^{TM}$ (Dae Won Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the prior and revised guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The carvedilol release from the two carvedilol tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB80 into water). Eighteen normal male volunteers, $24.22{\pm}1.86$ years in age and $64.81{\pm}4.56\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 25 mg of carvedilol was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of carvedilol in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two carvedilol tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using non-transformed and logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two tablets based on the $Dilatrend^{TM}$ were 2.23%, -2.00% and 0.00%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $({\Delta})$ at ${\alpha}=0.05$ and $1-{\beta}=0.8$ were less than 20% (e.g., 13.55% and 17.61% for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). The powers $(l-{\beta})$ at ${\alpha}=0.05$, ${\Delta}=0.2$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ were 98.08% and 88.81%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ${\pm}20%$ (e.g., $-5.69{\sim}10.16$ and $-12.30{\sim}8.30$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). There were no sequence effect between two tablets in logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $0.95{\sim}1.11$ and $0.89{\sim}1.09$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of prior and revised KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that $Carvelol^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Dilatrend^{TM}$ tablet.