• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2005

There are limited treatment options in the reconstruction of the very large defect in the metaphyseal portion of distal femur and proximal tibia. Fibula is one of the most popular donor of the long bone reconstruction in reconstructive microsurgical field. It has many advantages such as very strong strut tubular bone, very reliable vascular anatomy with large vascular diameter and long pedicle. There are limited donor site problems such as transient peroneal nerve dysfunction. In those situations with the huge long bone defects in distal femur or proximal tibia, the defective bony shape and strength of the transplanted fibular bone is not enough if only one strut of the fibula is transferred. We performed 7 cases of "doule barrel" fibular transplantation on the metaphyseal portion of distal femur and proximal tibial large defects in which it is very difficult to fill the bony gap with conventional bone graft or callotasis methods. It takes averaged 8.3 months since that procedure to obtain bony union. After solid union of the transferred double barrelled fibular graft. There were no stress fracture in our series. So we can propose double barrel fibular graft is useful method in those cases with very large bone defect on the metaphysis of large long bone.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2012

Cadmium is an important occupational and environmental pollutant that damages various organs, especially renal proximal tubular cells. We examined the effect of aqueous extract of Buddleja officinalis (ABO) on cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$)-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cells. HK-2 cells were preincubated with ABO (50, 100, 200 and 400 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 3 hr and then treated with 10 ${\mu}M$ $CdCl_2$ for 24 hr. The effect of ABO on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells was investigated by using MTT assay, morphological observation, flow cytometric analysis and Western blot. The results of the MTT assay and morphological observation indicated that $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity was prevented by pretreatment with ABO. In flow cytometric analysis, ABO reduced sub-G1 peak (apoptotic peak) in $CdCl_2$-treated cells. $CdCl_2$-induced procaspase-3 proteolysis and PARP cleavage reduced by pretreatment with ABO. These results suggest that ABO effectively inhibited $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to demonstrate whether or not bradykinin activates a phospholipase D in rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells. By measuring the formation of [$^3$H]phosphatidic acid and [$^3$H]phosphatidylethanol we could elucidate the direct stimulation of phospholipase D by bradykinin. Bradykinin leads to a rapid increase in [$^3$H]phosphatidic acid and [$^3$H]diacylglycerol, and [$^3$H]phosphatidic acid formation preceded the formation of [$^3$H]diacylglycerol. This result suggests that some phosphatidic acid seems to be formed directly from phosphatidylcholine by the action of phospholipase D, not from diacylglycerol by the action of diacylglycerol kinase. In addition, the other mechanisms by which phospholipase D is activated was examined. We have found that phospholipase D was activated and regulated by extracellular calcium ion and pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein, respectively. It has also been shown that bradykinin may activate phospholipase D through protein kinase C-dependent pathway. In conclusion, we are now, for the first time, strongly suggesting that bradykinin-induced activation of phospholipase D in the rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells is mediated by a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein and is dependent of protein kinase C.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.9 s.266
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• pp.706-709
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• 2006

Proximal coronary artery stenosis after direct coronary artery ostial perfusion is an infrequent but life-threatening complication. We had been experienced 3 cases of proximal coronary artery stenosis related to direct ostial perfusion since September, 2000. And now we report the cases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.90-93
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• 2013

Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistulas (CCAFs) are rare coronary artery abnormalities in which blood is shunted into a cardiac chamber or great vessel. If the fistula itself is large and tortuous, it is generally recommended to occlude the fistula to prevent several complications. In approaches of transcatheter occlusion, the transvenous approach is preferred over the transarterial approach. The transvenous approach would enable the cannulation of a relatively larger catheter or sheath without potential damage to the femoral vessels or normal coronary arteries, which can occur in the transarterial approach. The transvenous approach may also minimize the blind pouch after releasing the devices. Herein, we report the success of transvenous proximal closure of a CCAF using an Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) in a 3-year-old patient with cardiomegaly. Complete occlusion was achieved by a single AVP and thrombus formation of the distal aneurysmal portion of the fistula. We suggest that this strategy of closing the proximal end with a dilated fistula using a single AVP by the transvenous approach may be a good option in treating CCAFs in a young child.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.227-229
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• 2012

Iatrogenic vascular injuries during lumbar disc surgery may occur rarely but they are serious complications, which can be fatal without appropriate management Prompt diagnosis and management of these complications are imperative to prevent a desperate outcome. A 72-year-Old female with proximal left common iliac artery iatrogenic injury during lumbar discectomy was successfully treated by percutaneous deployment of a stent graft in an emergency setting. Postprocedural angiogram demonstrated complete exclusion of the iliac artery laceration. The patient became hemodynamically stable. Two weeks later she complained of vascular claudication. Follow-up angiography revealed decreased arterial flow in the opposite common iliac artery. An additional kissing stent was inserted into the right common iliac artery and the symptoms of vascular claudication disappeared. Endovascular stenting offers a safe and effective method for the treatment of an iatrogenic arterial laceration, particularly in a critical condition. But, the contralateral iliac arterial flow should be kept intact in case of proximal iliac artery injury. Otherwise, additional treatments may be needed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2008

A 35-year-old man's vision had progressively deteriorated over a 3-month period. His left visual acuity was 5/20. Enhanced orbital computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed a fusiform dilatation of the ophthalmic artery in the left optic canal. Cerebral Angiography revealed a fusiform aneurysm on the left ophthalmic artery in the optic canal, measuring $6.2{\times}4.6\;mm$ in size. Four days after admission, visual acuity dropped to hand-motion. Endovascular treatment was chosen and a microcatheter was guided into the proximal segment of the ophthalmic artery. Using 4 detachable coils, parent artery occlusion was done. Three months after the intervention, the visual acuity in his left eye improved to 20/20. Dramatic recovery of visual acuity is exceptional with an ophthalmic artery trunk aneurysm. When an occlusion of the proximal ophthalmic artery is the only treatment option in such a situation, the endovascular occlusion of the proximal ophthalmic artery is quite feasible in the sense that it does not require any optic nerve manipulation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.275-278
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• 1998

Recently, the clinical applications of the autogenous cancellous bone from the proximal tibial metaphysis show satisfactory results in the repair of maxillofacial bony defect or deformity. The proximal tibia has the potential to yield viable cancellous bone with a minimum of morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regeneration of a full thickness proximal tibial bone defect with covering or uncovering of cortical bone. The follow-up periods were 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Bone defect of right side was uncovered and left side was covered with cortical bone. In the experimental group (uncovered cortical bone) at 12 weeks, the inside of defect was filled to normal marrow tissue. The cortical bone defect was united of inner, outer callus at 4, 8 weeks in both study group. At 12 weeks, the cortical bone defect was remodeled and invaded by osteoclast (giant cell) in experimental group. In the experimental specimen at 12 weeks, the regenerating tissue of bone defect was not differ from the control group.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2015

Computer Assisted Simulation Surgery (CASS) is a reliable method that permits oral and maxillofacial surgeons to visualize the position of the maxilla and the mandible as observed in the patient. The purpose of this report was to introduce a newly developed strategy for proximal segment management according to Balanced Orthognathic Surgery (BOS) protocol which is a type of CASS, and to establish the clinical feasibility of the BOS protocol in the treatment of complex maxillo-facial deformities. The BOS protocol consists of the following 4 phases: 1) Planning and simulation phase, 2) Modeling phase, 3) Surgical phase, and 4) Evaluation phase. The surgical interventions in 80 consecutive patients were planned and executed by the BOS protocol. The BOS protocol ensures accuracy during surgery, thereby facilitating the completion of procedures without any complications. The BOS protocol may be a complete solution that enables an orthognatic surgeon to perform accurate surgery based on a surgical plan, making real outcomes as close to pre-planned outcomes as possible.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2003

Cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is major enzyme in human liver, the role of this Is detoxification and metabolizing more than 50% clinical drugs in use. Expression of CYP3A4 is transciptionally regulated by the Pregnenolone X receptor (PXR), of which human form is Steroid and Xenobiotics receptor (SXR). SXR is activated by wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds, and then induces CYP3A4 gene expression. In the previous study, it has been known that proximal promoter (-864 to ＋64) does not response to chemical inducers such as pregnenolone 16a-carbonitrile (PCN), Rifampicin, Estrogen in terms of transcription of CYP 3A4 in cultured cells. Here, we developed luciferase reporter gene assay system to detect SXR-based CYP 3A4 transcriptional activity. We have used CYP3A4-Luc plasmid that contains proximal promoter of human CYP3A4 gene upstream of the luciferase gene. We did transient transfection of 3A4-luciferase gene and SXR. In the HepG2 cells transfected with CYP3A4-Luc, when rifampicin treatment was combined with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC Inhibitor), such as Trichostatin A, Hc-toxin and IN 2001 of the luciferase activity was induced 10-20 fold over control.