• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.437-441
• /
• 2013

Recently, the engraving of letters or a pattern on a product surface has received more attention especially in trying to satisfy the customer requirements. Half-piecing is a protrusion forming process that pierces only 40~50% of the material thickness. In the current study, the half-piercing technique for making clear letters by protruding sheet material was selected and studied. The influence of clearance and penetration depth was investigated by measuring the camber and extruded length of a protrusion after experiments. In addition, a numerical analysis was performed for the same working conditions and compared with experimental results. It is shown that, as the clearance increases, the camber of a protrusion increases rapidly and the extruded length decreases slightly. The deformation pattern around the cutting edge during half-piercing changes from an extrusion mode to a shearing mode as the clearance changes from minus to plus values. It is also confirmed that the experimental results show a good agreement with the numerical analyses.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of infraorbital canal protrusion in an Egyptian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography and to describe its radiographic representation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the records of 77 patients and 123 maxillary sinuses. The full lengths of the sinuses were visible for the detection of infraorbital canal protrusion. The infraorbital canals were classified into 3 types based on their relation to the sinus. If the septum was present, its length and its distance from the sinus floor were measured. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described as percentages and means with standard deviations, respectively. Results: The infraorbital canal most commonly presented as the normal confined type (detected in 78.1% of sinuses), whereas the suspended (or protruded) variant was found in 14.6% of the examined sinuses. The septal length ranged from 0.9 to 5.1 mm, with a mean of 2.8±1.1 mm. The distance to the sinus floor ranged from 5.2 to 29.6 mm depending on the sinus shape and size. Conclusion: The present study indicates that protrusion of the infraorbital canal is not rare, and surgeons that use the maxillary sinuses as corridors for their procedures must be more cautious, especially in the upper lateral confines of the sinus.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.635-640
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Mid and lower facial convexity is more common in Oriental people than in Caucasian. Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is characterized by procumbent teeth, protruding lips, acute nasolabial angle, gummy smile, receding chin, facial convexity. Especially, pure maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is less frequent than bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Therefore, it is important to make an accurate decision for the operation throughout the history taking, cephalogram, dental cast to arrive at accurate diagnosis and surgical plan. Methods: From December 2002 to June 2004, ten patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and microgenia were corrected by maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy and advancement genioplasty. 10 patients were analyzed by preoperative and postoperative clinical photography, posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms. Results: No major complications were occurred throughout the follow-up period except one of the over-recessed, otherwise most of the patients were satisfied with the result. Conclusion: We could correct the occulusal relationship with teeth and improve lower facial profile, asthetically and functionally, by maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy and advancement genioplasty.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.220-224
• /
• 2013

Purpose: When medial protrusion in the base of proximal phalanx is severe from removing metatarsal bunion during the hallux valgus surgery, it could lead to skin irritation and medial pain after the surgery. The purpose of this paper was to report our clinical and radiographic results with transarticular fixation of Akin osteotomy for the treatment of patients with hallux valgus after resection of the medial protrusion of base of the proximal phalanx. Materials and Methods: Our study is subject to 34 cases of 30 patients who went through proximal phalanx medial corticectomy among patients undergone both hallux valgus surgery and Akin osteotomy at our institution from March 2006 to March 2012. In all cases, we used absorbable suture material through the articular surface for Akin osteotomy after resection of the medial protrusion in proximal phalanx. Radiographs were reviewed to assess the union and displacement of osteotomy site at the time of postoperative 6 months. The clinical results were assessed by using AOFAS score and complication such as skin irritation and pain. Results: AOFAS score was improved from average 44 points(36-58), before operation and average 87 points(74-96), 12 months after operation. In two cases, partial union was suspected in radiological perspective, however, complete union on the osteotomy site was observed in all cases, 12 months after the operation. No patients was dissatisfied with pain, joint discomfort, skin irritation and inflammation from the knot. Conclusion: When medial protrusion in the base of proximal phalanx is severe from removing metatarsal bunion during the hallux valgus surgery, We have good results by transarticular fixation of Akin osteotomy using absorbable suture material.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 1999

Impingement syndrome is caused by a conflictual status between rotator cuff, subacromial bursa and anatomic and functional coracoacromial arch. The purpose of this study was to assessment the coracoacromial arch by MRI and to determine major factors among five components of coracoacromial arch. We analyzed forty-two cases of clinical impingement sign and test positive and postoperative confirmed diagnosed from March, 1991 to January, 1999. We evaluated acromial end abnormality according to the Bigliani acromial type and formation of osteophyte. Clavicular end abnormality classified flat, outward protrusion, inward protrusion to coracoacromial arch. Acromioclavicular joint abnormalities were advanced osteoarthritis and positive signal change. Coracoacromial ligament thickening was above 2 mm in oblique sagittal image. Coracoid process abnormality was inward protrusion to coracoacromial arch. All consecutive patients abnormalities were as follows: clavicular end osteophyte formation and inward protrusion to coracoacrmial arch were 30%, acromial end osteophyte formation was 28%, advanced acromioclavicular joint arthritis and osteophyte formation were 56%, coracoacromial ligament thickening was 24% and no coracoid process inward protrusion to coracoacromial arch. Impingement syndrome combined with rotator cuff tear group abnormalities were clavicular end(40%), acromial end(40%), acromioclavicular joint(20%), coracoacromialligament(20%) and coracoid process abnormality(0%) respectively. Only impingement syndrome group abnormalities were clavicular end(25%), acromial end(31%), acromioclavicular joint(62%), coracoacromial ligament(25%) and coracoid process(0%) respectively. Acromial type I(flat) were 6 cases, type II(curved) were 26 cases and type III(hooked) were 10 cases. We concluded that the most important contributing factors for impingement syndrome was acromial type and second was acromioclavicular joint arthritis and bony spur formation.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 한국 여자 대학생들의 안구돌출과 검열폭의 정상 값 분석을 위해 수행한 것이다. 평균 측정값은 18세에서 21세 사이의 118명을 대상으로 검사하였다. 18세부터 21세까지 평균검열의 폭은 $6.967{\pm}1.599mm$, $7.172{\pm}1.502mm$, $8.015{\pm}1.44mm$, $7.1{\pm}1.224mm$로 나타났다. 한편 18세부터 21세까지 평균 안구돌출 값은 $12.50{\pm}2.33mm$, $12.343{\pm}2.634mm$, $12.773{\pm}1.974mm$, $13.036{\pm}2.23mm$로 나타났다. 연령의 증가에 따라 검열의 폭과 안구 돌출 값은 약간 증가하였으나, 21세에서 검열의 폭은 다소 감소함이 나타났다. 그러나 오른 눈과 왼 눈에서의 통계적인 유의성은 없었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.479-486
• /
• 1998

양악 전돌은 흔히 접하는 부정교합 증례로서, 대부분 상하순의 전돌에 의한 안모 심미성의 손상을 주소로 내원한다. 이러한 증례는 제 1소구치를 발거하고 그 공간을 이용하여 전치부를 견인하여 치료하는 경우가 많으며, 성공적인 치료 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 그러나, 성인 환자의 경우에는 환자의 협조도 불량으로 인한 악외 고정원 사용의 불량, 치료기간의 장기화, 치조골이 충분하지 못한 경우등에 있어서의 치근 흡수량의 증가, 구외 장치 사용으로 인한 환자의 사회심리적 부담감등의 부작용이 있다. 이의 해결방안의 하나인 근첨하 분절 골절단술은 고정원의 절대 보존, 치료기간의 단축, 구외 고정원 사용 필요성 제거 및 이를 통한 환자의 협조도 증가 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 이에, 제 1소구치 발거 및 이 부위를 이용한 근첨하 분절 골절단술을 병행하여 치료한 치아치조 전돌의 증례를 치료 전후의 두부 방사선 계측 사진및 연구 모형을 통해 비교분석하여 변화를 살펴보고, 이의 장단점을 고찰해 보도록 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2005

There have been numerous approaches to examine the bonding strengths of solder joints. However, despite the technical and practical limitations, the precedent test methods such as the ball shear and ball pull tests are being used in industrial applications. In this study, the optimum jaw pressure with the modified protrusion jaw was introduced in order to obtain higher successful rate f3r ball pull testing. Furthermore, the pull strengths and fracture modes of Sn-8Zn-3Bi, Sn-4Ag-0.7Cu, and Sn-37Pb eutectic solder after isothermal aging tests ($100^{\circ}C,\;150^{\circ}C$), were evaluated with the protrusion jaw. The pull strength-displacement hysteresis curves and fracture surfaces were carefully investigated to evaluate the correlation between the pull strengths and the fracture modes of each solder. In conclusion, it is verified that Au-Zn IMCs (Intermetallic Compounds) have a detrimental effect on the pull strengths and changed fracture modes of Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder. Meanwhile, the microstructure transformation influences the degradation of pull strengths of Sn-4Ag-0.7Cu and Sn-37Pb solders.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.226-236
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the torso shape based on abdominal protrusion caused by changes in the physical characteristics of middle-aged women. This study analyzed 3D shape data of 401 females ranging in age from 40 to 59 years who participated in the 6th Size Korea project. Based on the Size Korea 3D measurement standard, 27 additional items such as height, protrusion, and angle were measured in the 3D scan data. Nine factors were extracted from the analysis of constituent factors of the torso: "vertical size of torso," "flatness and protrusion of abdomen," "torso front extrusion," "upper body height," "bust size and flatness," "size of belly and angle of lower abdomen," "hip length," "hip flatness," and "horizontal size of bust." As a result of the cluster analysis using these nine factors, the torsos of middle-aged women were classified into three types. Type 1 has upper abdominal deposition with a small and long upper body and an advanced abdomen; type 2 has lower abdominal deposition with a small and short torso and a small belly and hip flexion; and type 3 has central abdominal deposition with a big and long torso, large breasts, and protruding abdo¬men front. The middle-aged women were mostly distributed in Type 2. The above results will be useful as basic data for the development of clothing with improved fit to accommodate the changed physical characteristics of middle-aged women.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 1977

The patient, 19 years old female, complained of protrusion of upper and lower anterior teeth. Teeth lining was good except slight crowding in lower anterior teeth. Teeth lining was good except slight crowding in lower incisors, but distocclusion in the region of right buccal segment was present. Cephalometric analysis revealed normal relation between maxilla and cranial base. The labial inclination of upper and lower anterior teeth was severe, so diagnosed as bialveolar protrusion case. She was treated by means of multibanded system under the extraction of four first bicuspids. After 1 year and 4 months. She gained good interdigitation of buccal segments and attractive facial profile because the labioversion of incisors was reduced properly.