• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.156-166
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• 2007

Soybean meal was widely used as a protein source in pig feedstuff because it has a good amino acid balance compared with other vegetable sources. However, soybeans contain trypsin inhibitors and other antinutritional factors which can lead to lower the digestibility of amino acid, and consequently reduce the growth performance. Heat treatment of soybeans is helpful shown to decrease the antinutritional factors and elicit an improved growth performance. Additionally, microbial processe using(HP 100, HP 200 and HP 300), and non-protein constituent removal are suggested to improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Inadequate heat treatment of soybeans gives no damage to adult pig, but it has been shown to decrease nutrient digestibility in young pig. So, soy protein concentrate (SPC) and Isolated soy protein(ISP) were more widely used for nursery pigs than growing and finishing pigs, since SPC and ISP have similar characteristics as milk product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1988

Endonuclease inhibitor was isolated from the chloroplast of the leaves of tobacco, Burley 21 and NC 83, The inhibitory effect on the activities of endonucleases including BamH1 was lost by the addition of trypsin or heat treatment However, the treatment of $\alpha$-amylase was unconcerned in the inhibitory effect The endonuclease inhibitor was found to be a monomeric protein that plays a vital role for protection of tobacco chloroplast DNA from endonuclease action.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1360-1366
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• 2016

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to various physiological or environmental stressors. However, the transcriptional activation of HSPs is regulated by a family of heat shock factors (HSFs). Fish models provide an ideal system for examining the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to various temperatures and water environments. In this study, we examined the pattern differentials of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in response to thermal stress in goldfish and mouse hepatocyte cultures by immune-blot analysis. Goldfish HSF1 (gfHSF1) changed from a monomer to a trimer at $33^{\circ}C$ and showed slightly at $37^{\circ}C$, whereas mouse HSF1 (mHSF1) did so at $42^{\circ}C$. This experiment showed similar results to a previous study, indicating that gfHSF1 and mHSF1 play different temperature in the stress response. We also examined the activation conditions of the purified recombinant proteins in human HSF1 (hmHSF1) and gfHSF1 using CD spectroscopy and immune-blot analysis. The purified recombinant HSF1s were treated from $25^{\circ}C$ to $42^{\circ}C$. Structural changes were observed in hmHSF1 and gfHSF1 according to the heat-treatment conditions. These results revealed that both mammal HSF1 (human and mouse HSF1) and fish HSF1 exhibited temperature-dependent changes; however, their optimal activation temperatures differed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.493-501
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• 1986

The present work aims to estimate the effect of heat treatment on the in vitro protein digestibility and formation of trypsin inhibitor or trypsin indigestible substrate(TIS) of raw and defatted flounder. It was also carried out to assess the formation of lipid-protein complexes under the conditions of different ratio of lipid addition. The in vitro protein digestibility increased when steamed for 5 min showing $88.09\%$ in raw and $90.56\%$ in defatted samples, respectively. After 40 min steaming, the digestibility decreased by $2{\sim}4\%$. As for microwaving, heating for 1 min resulted in slight increase of digestibility, however, heating for 7 min did decrease of digestibility by $3{\sim}4\%$ for both raw and defatted materials. There was no difference in fatty acid composition found with heat treatment. The major fatty acids of flounder meat were $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:6}$ and the ratio of the unsaturated to saturated was 67.3:32.6. Fat oxidation and nonenzymatic browning were enhanced by heat treatment and protein solubility decreased necessarily as the brown pigment formation increased. On the other hand, the effects on the digestibility and TIS of the complexes formed from interaction of lipid and myofibrillar or meat protein of flounder were examined. The interaction of protein with lipid was considered to mostly contribute to the drop of digestibility of fish products. The digestibility of myofibrillar protein was $93.72\%$ for flounder, and it generally decreased as the amount of lipid added to protein and reaction time increased. Also mixed and heated samples were more active in digestibility decline than those mixed after heating. The result probably indicated that lipid-protein interaction was involved in the drop of digestibility which coincided with protein denaturation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

Two novel calcium-binding proteins, named CAB-I and CAB-II, have been isolated from Streptomyces coelicolor. Purification of the calcium-binding proteins involved heat treatment, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, acid treatment, anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction column chromatography, FPLC gel filtration, and preparative isoelectric focusing. A chelex competitive assay and 45Ca autoradiography verified the calcium-binding ability of the proteins. The major band CAB-II has an apparent molecular weight of 26,000 determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 340,000 determined by gel filtration. The isoelectric point of this molecule showed the acidic nature of the molecule. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis shows homology to rat Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CAB-II) and yeast phosphoprotein phosphatase (CAB-I).

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 2004

A haemagglutinating protein from the saline extracts of Kalanchoe crenata leaves, which agglutinate all human blood types, was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Cellulose column followed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. The purified protein showed one band, both in non-denaturing PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The $M_r$ that was determined by SDS-PAGE was 44,000 Da and that estimated from gel filtration was 47,000. Treatment of the haemagglutinating protein with 5 mM EDTA diminished the haemagglutinating activity to 50% of the original level. The addition of divalent cations, 10 mM $Mg^{2+}$, 10 mM $Mn^{2+}$, or 10 mM $Ba^{2+}$, totally restored and enhanced the activity. The protein showed maximum activity over the 3-7 pH range and was heat-resistant. It was also a glycoprotein containing about 1.5% carbohydrate.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.249-252
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• 2009

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was employed to assess the thermo-tolerance characteristics of Bifrdobacterium infantis ATCC 27920 to mild heat adaptation. When exposed to various heat levels, pH, and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) stress conditions, B. infantis ATCC 27920 exhibited high level of stress resistance. Under mild-heat treatment ($46^{\circ}C$), no significant change in viability level was observed after 2 hr. Interestingly, improved viability was observed in mild-heat adapted ($46^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr) cultures exposed to $55^{\circ}C$, in comparison to control experiments. Viability was not affected by pH, bile, and $H_2O_2$ stress conditions. 2-DE analysis revealed those mild-heat adaptation up-regulated 4 proteins and down-regulated 3 proteins. Among these protein spots, isopropyhnalate dehydratase (leuD), glycosyltransferase (glgA), and ribosomal protein L5 (rp1E) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALD1-TOF/MS).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 1994

For producing single cell protein from the agricultural waste, heat treatment and antibiotics on the growth of Cellulomonas sp. KL-6, isolated in rotting leaf and the adjacent soil mixture, were examined. The organism was able to grow until 5 min. at $65^{\circ}C$, 1 min. at $75^{\circ}C$ and 1/4 min. at $85^{\circ}C$ in gradually rising temperatures. It can be Seen that preheating the suspension at $48^{\circ}C$ results in a marked decrease in heat resistance. On heating at temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ for 30 min., strain KL-6 was more resisted in the 0.1 M phosphate buffer when such substrates as casamino acid (1%), yeast extract (1%) or xylose (5%) were added to it whereas this organism was appeared weaker resistances in 0.1 M phosphate buffer when cysteine (0.03 M), sodium citrate (1%) or casein (1%) were in fused into it. Test strain was susceptible to penicillin-G $(1.563\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and ampicillin $(3.125\;{\mu}g/ml)$, but the organism was resisted to kanamycin $(>200\;{\mu}g/ml)$. The treatment of strain KL-6 with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resulted in the elimination of R-plasmid from the host strain and the elimination rate with SDS $(10{\sim}30\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was about $9.2{\sim}31.2%$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2017

Objective: The present study investigated the litter performance of multiparous sows fed 3% and 6% densified diets at farrowing to weaning during summer with mean maximum room temperature of $30.5^{\circ}C$. Methods: A total of 60 crossbred multiparous sows were allotted to one of three treatments based on body weight according to a completely randomized design. Three different nutrient levels based on NRC were applied as standard diet (ST; metabolizable energy, 3,300 kcal/kg), high nutrient level 1 (HE1; ST+3% higher energy and 16.59% protein) and high nutrient level 2 (HE2; ST+6% higher energy and 17.04% protein). Results: There was no variation in the body weight change. However, backfat thickness change tended to reduce in HE1 in comparison to ST treatment. Dietary treatments had no effects on feed intake, daily energy intake and weaning-to-estrus interval in lactating sows. Litter size, litter weight at weaning and average daily gain of piglets were significantly greater in sows in HE1 compared with ST, however, no difference was observed between HE2 and ST. Increasing the nutrient levels had no effects on the blood urea nitrogen, glucose, triglyceride, and creatinine at post-farrowing and weaning time. The concentration of follicle stimulating hormone, cortisol and insulin were not affected by dietary treatments either in post-farrowing or weaning time. The concentration of blood luteinizing hormone of sows in ST treatment was numerically less than sows in HE2 treatment at weaning. Milk and colostrum compositions such as protein, fat and lactose were not affected by the treatments. Conclusion: An energy level of 3,400 kcal/kg (14.23 MJ/kg) with 166 g/kg crude protein is suggested as the optimal level of dietary nutrients for heat stressed lactating sows with significant beneficial effects on litter size.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.876-886
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• 2023

In some cases of head and neck cancers (HNC), surgical interventions may result in the loss of organs and/or changes to their functions, thereby significantly affecting the patient's quality of life. As a result, the surgical treatment of HNC patients is often limited to specific cases, and alternative treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, are considered. However, serious adverse effects caused by chemotherapy, such as severe nausea and vomiting, necessitate the need for the development of adjunctive methods to minimize patient suffering. Chuanxiong, Ligusticum chuanxiong (L. chuanxiong), is a natural herb used in Eastern medicine to treat cerebrovascular disorders and headaches. This study aimed to predict the effect and potential of L. chuanxiong as an auxiliary anticancer drug through network-based pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. The study results showed that 40 out of 41 genes of L. chuanxiong shared common targets of HNC and their proteins could be used to target HNC cells to prevent cancer progression. The results of the functional enrichment analysis confirmed that L. chuanxiong is associated with the neuroactive-ligand metabolism and neurotransmitter pathways, indicating its potential medicinal value as an adjuvant in HNC treatment. Lastly, our findings demonstrated that the active ingredient of L. chuanxiong, (Z)-Ligustilide, has the ATP binding site of heat shock protein 90, a protein known to promote the activation of cancer cells. These results suggest that L. chuanxiong is a promising candidate for developing auxiliary anticancer drugs, and further research could potentially lead to the discovery of newer and safer anti-cancer agents.