• 제목/요약/키워드: protein digestibility

검색결과 1,317건 처리시간 0.149초

Extrusion enhances apparent metabolizable energy, ileal protein and amino acid digestibility of palm kernel cake in broilers

  • Faridah, Hanim Shakirin;Goh, Yong Meng;Noordin, Mohamed Mustapha;Liang, Juan Boo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권12호
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    • pp.1965-1974
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    • 2020
  • Objective: This study consisted of two stages; the first was to determine the effect of extrusion and sieving treatments on the chemical properties of palm kernel cake (PKC), and accordingly, a follow-up experiment (second stage) was conducted to determine and compare the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and protein and amino acid digestibility of extruded and sieved PKC. Methods: Two physical treatments, namely extrusion (using temperature profiles of 90℃/100℃/100℃, 90℃/100℃/110℃, and 90℃/100℃/120℃) and sieving (to 8 particles sizes ranging from >8.00 to 0.15 mm) were carried out to determine their effects on chemical properties, primarily crude protein (CP) and fiber contents of PKC. Based on the results from the above study, PKC that extruded with temperature profile 90/100/110℃ and of sieved size between 1.5 to 0.15 mm (which made up of near 60% of total samples) were used to determine treatments effect on AME and CP and amino acid digestibility. The second stage experiment was conducted using 64 male Cobb 500 chickens randomly assigned to 16 cages (4 cages [or replicates] per treatment) to the following four dietary groups: i) basal (control) diet, ii) basal diet containing 20% untreated PKC, iii) basal diet containing 20% extruded PKC (EPKC), and iv) basal diet containing 20% sieved PKC (SPKC). Results: Extrusion and sieving had no effect on CP and ash contents of PKC, however, both treatments reduced (p<0.05) crude fiber by 21% and 19%, respectively. Overall, extrusion and sieving reduced content of most of the amino acids except for aspartate, glutamate, alanine and lysine which increased, while serine, cysteine and tryptophan remained unchanged. Extrusion resulted in 6% increase (p<0.05) in AME and enhanced CP digestibility (p<0.05) by 32%, as compared to the untreated PKC while sieving had no effect on AME but improved CP digestibility by 39% which was not significantly different from that by extrusion. Conclusion: Extrusion is more effective than sieving and serves as a practical method to enhance AME and digestibility of CP and several amino acids in broiler chickens.

Dietary protease improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs

  • Park, Sangwoo;Lee, Jeong Jae;Yang, Boung Mo;Cho, Jin Ho;Kim, Soyun;Kang, Joowon;Oh, Sejong;Park, Dong-Jun;Perez-Maldonado, Rider;Cho, Jee-Yeon;Park, Il-Hun;Kim, Hyeun Bum;Song, Minho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제62권1호
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary protease (PR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A total of 75 weaned pigs [7.06 ± 0.18 kg of average body weight (BW); 28 day old] were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (blocks = BW and sex): a diet based on corn and soybean meal to meet the requirement of crude protein (CP) as a positive control (PC; CP = 24.49%), a low protein diet as a negative control (NC; CP = 22.51%), and NC + 0.02% PR. The PR used in this study was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. Pigs were fed the dietary treatments for 6 weeks and the diets containing 0.2% chromic oxide for the last week of this study. Blood, feces, ileal digesta, and ileum samples were collected from randomly selected two pigs in each pen on respective time points. Measurements were growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), CP, and energy, frequency of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), and ileal morphology of weaned pigs. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during overall experimental period than those fed NC. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) AID or ATTD of DM, CP, or energy than those fed NC. Moreover, pigs fed PR had higher ratio between villus height and crypt depth (p < 0.05) and number of goblet cells (p < 0.05) than those fed NC. Addition of PR decreased (p < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea for the first two weeks after weaning compared with PC and NC. In addition, pigs fed PR had lower (p < 0.05) PCV on d 14 after weaning than those fed PC and NC. In conclusion, addition of PR in nursery diets with a low protein level significantly improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs.

Xylanase supplementation in energy-deficient corn-based diets: impact on broiler growth, nutrient digestibility, chyme viscosity and carcass proximates

  • Bernadette Gerpacio Sta. Cruz;Jun Seon Hong;Myunghwan Yu;Elijah Ogola Oketch;Hyeonho Yun;Dinesh D. Jayasena;Jung-Min Heo
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제37권7호
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    • pp.1246-1254
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    • 2024
  • Objective: The goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of various concentrations of xylanase in energy-deficient corn-based diets on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and digesta viscosity in broilers from 7 to 35 days of age. Methods: A total of 280 seven-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to one of the five dietary treatments following a completely randomized design with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. The treatments were: i) positive control (PC, without xylanase); ii) NC-1 (80 kcal/kg ME reduced from PC); iii) NC-2 (100 kcal/kg ME reduced from PC); iv) NCX-1 (NC-1 + 2,000 U/kg xylanase); and v) NCX-2 (NC-2 + 3,000 U/kg xylanase). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined weekly to evaluate growth performance. One bird per pen was sacrificed for ileal digesta collection to determine the viscosity and digestibility of energy, dry matter, crude protein on days 24 and 35, however breast and leg meat samples were obtained for proximate analysis (moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash) on day 35. Results: Birds fed diets supplemented with xylanase regardless of the amount had higher (p<0.05) body weights, daily gains, and improved feed efficiency compared to NC diets all throughout the experimental period. Feed intake was not affected (p>0.05) by the addition of xylanase. Moreover, lowered (p<0.05) viscosity of the ileal digesta were observed upon xylanase inclusion in the diets compared to the birds fed NC diets on day 24. Ileal nutrient digestibility and meat proximate composition were not affected (p>0.05) by xylanase. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the xylanase at 2,000 U/kg and 3,000 U/kg levels compensates for the 80 kcal/kg and 100 kcal/kg dietary energy levels, respectively, without having adverse effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and digesta viscosity of broilers.

Effect of Enzyme Supplementation on the Performance of Growing-Finishing Pigs Fed Barley-Based Diets Supplemented with Soybean Mealor Canola Meal

  • Thacker, P.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권7호
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    • pp.1008-1013
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    • 2001
  • This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation on the performance of 80 growing-finishing pigs (26.2 kg) fed diets containing either soybean or canola meal. Barley-based diets formulated using either soybean meal or canola meal were fed with or without enzyme (Allzyme Vegpro, Alltech Biotechnology Centre). Eight castrates and twelve gilts were fed each diet. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy was 8.0 (p=0.0001), 7.9 (p=0.0005) and 7.9 (p=0.0003) percent lower for pigs fed diets containing canola meal compared with soybean meal. Enzyme supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility (p>0.05). There was a significant interaction between protein source and enzyme for all three nutrients. Over the entire experimental period (26.2 to 77.9 kg), pigs fed canola meal consumed 9.4% less feed (p=0.001), gained weight 20.4% slower (p=0.001) and had a 12.9% poorer feed conversion (p=0.001) than pigs fed soybean meal. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were unaffected by enzyme addition (p>0.05). Castrates gained weight 11.4% faster (p=0.001), consumed 9.3% more feed (p=0.001) and had a 2.6% better feed conversion (p=0.026) than gilts. There was a significant interaction between protein source and sex of pig for feed conversion. Pigs fed diets based on canola meal had a significantly lower carcass value index (p=0.01), lower lean yield (p=0.007) and lower lean depth over the loin (p=0.001) than pigs fed diets based on soybean meal. Enzyme addition significantly increased lean depth over the loin (p=0.01). There was a significant interaction between protein source and enzyme for carcass value index (p=0.04), estimated lean yield (p=0.05) and fat depth over the loin (p=0.05). These results confirm previous studies which have demonstrated poorer pig performance when canola meal completely replaces soybean meal in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. In addition, the results provide little justification for the inclusion of the Vegpro enzyme in diets fed to pigs of this weight range.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of Cassava Hay Supplementation in Swamp Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and Cattle (Bos indicus)

  • Granum, G.;Wanapat, Metha;Pakdee, P.;Wachirapakorn, C.;Toburan, W.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.1389-1396
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    • 2007
  • Twelve swamp buffaloes and Brahman cattle heifers (6 animals each) were randomly assigned to two treatments, control (grazing only) and supplementation of cassava hay (CH) at 1-kg dry matter per head per day (DM/hd/d), in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement according to a cross-over design. The cassava hay contained a high level of protein (19.5% of DM) and a strategic amount of condensed tannins (4.0% of DM). As a result it was revealed that supplementation of CH at 1-kg DM/hd/d significantly (p<0.05) improved the nutrition of both swamp buffaloes and Brahman cattle in terms of DM, organic matter (OM), protein and energy intake and digestibility, ruminal NH3-N and rumen ecology. Supplementation significantly (p<0.05) reduced weight losses in both species and improved the health, in terms of reduced number of parasite eggs in feces (p<0.05), of both buffaloes and cattle. There tended to be a difference in term of response to CH between the two species. The DM, OM, protein intake and digestibility and total digestible energy intake tended to be higher for buffaloes as compared to cattle. Moreover, the percentage reduction of parasite eggs tended to be higher for buffaloes as compared to cattle (57.6 and 45.0%, respectively). However, there were no significant interactions between species and treatments.

STUDIES ON THE UTILIZATION OF RICE STRAW BY SHEEP III. EFFECT OF SOYBEAN MEAL AND BARLEY SUPPLEMENTATION ON VOLUNTARY INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMINAL FERMENTATION

  • Warly, L.;Fariani, A.;Mawuenyegah, O.P.;Matsui, T.;Fujihara, T.;Harumoto, T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 1994
  • The effect of soybean meal and barley supplementation of the utilization of rice straw was investigated. Balance trials were conducted with three Japanese Corriedale wethers fed rice straw supplemented with soybean meal and barley at three different levels of protein: low (40 g CP/d, LCP), medium (67 g/d, MCP) and high (94 g/d, HCP). In addition, all the supplements were formulated to contain the same amount of TDN (275 g/d). Voluntary intake of rice straw was not affected by any supplementation, while digestibility of organic matter in sheep given HCO diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those on LCP diet. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibilities of MCP and HCP diets were significantly improved (p<0.05) over the LCP diet. Average daily gain of the animals under MCP and HCP diets were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those under LCP diet. Differences of rumen pH among the treatments were not significant, while concentration of rumen $NH_3-N$ was significantly higher (p<0.05) for HCP diet than for LCP and MCP diets. Total volatile fatty acids ($VFA_s$) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in sheep fed MCP and HCP diets than those fed LCP diet, while plasma total protein concentration was not affected by any supplementation. Sheep fed MCP diet had a higher nitrogen retention than those fed LCP and HCP diets. It was concluded that rice straw was utilized better by sheep when SBM and barley were supplemented at the medium level of protein.

Effects of Feeding Dried Food Waste on Growth and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing-Finishing Pigs

  • Chae, B.J.;Choi, S.C.;Kim, Y.G.;Kim, C.H.;Sohn, K.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제13권9호
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    • pp.1304-1308
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    • 2000
  • A total of thirty-six gilts $(24.78{\pm}1.39kg)$ were employed for 38 days (Exp. 1), and twenty-four gilts $(46.50{\pm}1.90kg)$ for 43 days (Exp. 2) to determine growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs fed dried food waste (DFW). Pigs were allocated by dietary treatments: 0%, 20% and 40% DFW. For nutrient digestibility, twelve female pigs $(50.20{\pm}0.52kg)$ were used in individual pens to collect feces. Food wastes were collected from restaurants and apartment complex areas and dried in a drum-type dryer at $115{\pm}2{^{\circ}C}$. Experimental diets for feeding trials were formulated to contain 3,400 kcal DE/kg and 17% crude protein. The tested DFW contained 2,858 kcal DE/kg, 25.0% crude protein, 17.3% crude fat, 1.37% Ca, 1.28% P, and 3.28% NaCl. As compared to crude protein content, the limiting amino acids (i.e., 0.90% lysine and 0.52% methionine) were low. The digestibilities of energy, ash, calcium and phosphorus in the DFW were generally lower than those in the grower diets, but the digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat were higher in DFW than the grower diet. Feeding DFW in pigs had a linear (p<0.01) effect on ADG and feed/gain as the inclusion levels of DFW were increased (Exp. 1). The ADG of pigs fed 40% DFW was also poorer (p<0.05) than that fed the control diet (Exp. 2). Carcass characteristics in terms of backfat and dressing percentage were not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, it seems that the optimal dietary inclusion level of the DFW is about 20% in the diet for growing-finishing pigs.

양돈 사료에 있어 대두의 이용 (Utilization of Soybean for Swine Diets)

  • 유종상;김인호
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.156-166
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    • 2007
  • 대두박은 가축사료에 사용되는 식물성 단백질원이다. 대두박은 대두에서 기름을 추출한 부산물로서 높은 단백질 함량과 낮은 섬유질 함량을 가지고 있어 양돈 사료에서 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 대두는 여러 종류의 항영양인자를 가지고 있어 소화율과 성장능력을 감소시키는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 열처리하는 방법, HP 100, HP 200 및 HP 300과 같이 미생물을 이용한 방법, 수용성 비단백질 구성성분을 제거하는 방법, 정제대두단백과 비단백태화합물 제거 등의 방법을 이용하고 있다. 대두를 적당히 열처리를 하면 대부분의 항영양인자가 파괴되어 성돈에서 피해가 없지만 어린돼지에서는 영양소 소화율을 감소시킨다. 그래서 자돈에서는 유제품과 유사한 사양능력을 가지는 농축대두단백이나 정제대두단백 같은 가공대두제품을 이용하여 급여해야 한다.

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분리 대두단백의 용해도와 소화율에 미치는 Phytate의 영향 (Effect of Phytate on the Solubility and Digestibility of Soy Protein Isolates)

  • 조희환;윤재영;이서래
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.286-290
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    • 1991
  • 대두의 영양 저해인자로 알려진 phytic acid를 pH를 조절하는 각기 다른 방법으로 제거할 low-phytate soy protein isolate(SPI)와 high-phytate SPI를 얻어 이들 분리 대두단백의 용해도와 소화율에 미치는 phytic acid 함량의 영향을 조사하였다. 분리 대두단백의 phytic acid 함량은 high-phytate SPI에서 2.48%이었고, low-phytate SPI에서는 0.72%이었다. 분리 대두단백의 용해도는 모든 pH에서 low-phytate SPI가 high-phytate SPI 보다 높았으며 phytic acid의 첨가량이 많을수록 용해도가 떨어져 침전되었다. 분리 대두단백의 소화율에 미치는 phytic acid의 저해적 영향은 phytic acid 첨가량이 증가할수록 더 컸으며, low-phytate SPI 보다 high-phytate SPI에서 그 저해효과가 약간 크게 나타났다.

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Potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle

  • Phesatcha, Burarat;Viennasay, Bounnaxay;Wanapat, Metha
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.613-620
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    • 2021
  • Objective: This study aimed at studying the potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle. Methods: Four, Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four levels of Flemingia hay meal (FHM) were used to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the concentrate mixtures in four dietary treatments replacing levels at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% of SBM. Results: The experimental findings revealed that replacements did not effect on intake of rice straw, concentrate and total dry matter (DM) intake (p>0.05). However, the apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber were linearly increased up to 100% replacement levels. Moreover, the production of total volatile fatty acids, and propionate concentration were enhanced (p<0.05) whereas the concentration of acetate was reduced in all replacement groups. Consequently, the CH4 production was significantly lower when increasing levels of FHM for SBM (p<0.05). Furthermore, rumen bacterial population was additionally increased (p<0.05) while protozoal population was clearly decreased (p<0.05) in all replacement groups up to 100%. In addition, microbial nitrogen supply and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were enhanced (p<0.05), as affected by FHM replacements. Conclusion: The findings under this experiment suggest that 100% FHM replacement in concentrate mixture enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrients digestibilities, bacterial population, microbial protein synthesis, and subsequently reduced CH4 production in beef cattle fed on rice straw.