• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.242.2-243
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• 2003

We have developed the novel one-pot synthetic method for regioselective N-protected amines, carbamates as a protective group of amines, through the reaction of various ethers with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSJ). This synthetic method provides a simple and convenient alternative for the formation of carbamates, such as -NHMoc, -NHPoc. -NHCbz, -NHPnz, -NHTroc and -NHAloc, by varying the alkyl moiety of ethers. (omitted)

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.434-437
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• 2005

Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) has become an essential step in the overall semiconductor wafer fabrication technology. In general, CMP is a surface planarization method in which a silicon wafer is rotated against a polishing pad in the presence of slurry under pressure. The polishing pad, generally a polyurethane-based material, consists of polymeric foam cell walls, which aid in removal of the reaction products at the wafer interface. It has been found that the material removal rate of any polishing pad decreases due to the so-called 'pad glazing' after several wafer lots have been processed. Therefore, the pad restoration and conditioning has become essential in CMP processes to keep the urethane polishing pad at the proper friction coefficient and to allow effective slurry transport to the wafer surface. Diamond pad conditioner employs a single layer of brazed bonded diamond crystals. Due to the corrosive nature of the polishing slurry required in low pH metal CMP such as copper, it is essential to minimize the possibility of chemical interaction between very low pH slurry (pH <2) and the bond alloy. In this paper, we report an exceptional protective coated conditioner for in-situ pad conditioning in low pH Cu CMP process. The protective Cr-coated conditioner has been tested in slurry with pH levels as low as 1.5 without bond degradation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.74-86
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• 2005

Background: There are increasing neuro-degenerative disorders with aging. Paeoniae Radix(PR) possesses various pharmacological effects such as sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress and neuro-protective actions. Also antiaging and anti-cancer effects of PR were reported. Our purpose was to investigate whether PR is useful on the treatment of Parkinson's disease, one of the neuro-degenerative disorders. Objective: We investigated whether Paeonia Radix possesses a protective effect against 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridine(MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and Western blotting were performed on SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Results: Cells treated with MPP+ exhibited several apoptotic features, while cells pre-treated with Paeonia Radix prior to MPP+ exposure showed s decrease in the occurrence of apoptotic features. Conclusions: These results suggest that Paeonia Radix may exert a protective effect against MPP+-induced apoptosis in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.425-449
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• 1999

For the evaluation of the effect on SWS, experiments were made on hyperlipidemia induced by hypercholesterol diet, inhibitory reaction to human platelet aggregation, Pulmonary thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine, global cerebral ischemia induced by KCN, brain ischemia induced by MCA occlusion, cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein(25-35), and NO production in RAW cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In the experiment on hyperlipidemia, the level of serum total cholesterol, phospholipid, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased while the level of triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol had no significant change. 2. In the experiment on inhibitory reaction to platelet aggregation, SWS inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP(36.05%), by collagen(20.4%), and by thrombin(0.6%). 3. In the experiment on pulmonary thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine, the protective effect was found(37%). 4. In the experiment on global cerebral ischemia, coma duration induced by KCN changed insignificantly. 5. In the experiment on MCA occlusion, the change of neurologic grades on hind limb was significant only after the operation. Besides brain ischemic area and edema ratio were significantly decreased. 6. In the experiment on cytotoxicity of PC 12 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein, the significant protective effect was found as concentration increases. 7. In the experiment on NO production in RAW cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, NO was significantly decreased. According to the results, it is expected that SWS might be effective on hyperlipidemia and brain damage.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 그라비올라의 주성분인 nicotiflorin을 분리하고 그 아글리콘 성분인 kaempferol을 얻어 세포 보호 효과 및 그 보호 메커니즘을 규명하였다. L-Ascorbic acid 및 (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol을 대조군으로 하여, $^1O_2$로 유도된 세포 손상에 대해 nicotiflorin 및 kaempferol의 보호 효과를 측정한 결과 nicotiflorin < (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol < kaempferol 순으로 보호 효과가 증가하였다. L-Ascorbic acid는 세포 보호 효과를 보이지 않았다. 이들의 세포 보호 효과 메커니즘을 밝히기 위해 singlet oxygen 소광 속도 상수, 자유라디칼 소거 활성, ROS 소거 활성 및 적혈구 세포 침투율을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, kaempferol과 그 배당체인 nicotiflorin의 세포 보호 효과에 있어서 큰 차이는 세포막에의 침투가 가장 큰 요인으로 확인되었다. 대조군 L-ascorbic acid가 항산화능은 크지만 실험 조건에서 세포막에 침투가 잘 안되어 세포 보호 효과가 나타나지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. Kaempferol과 (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 비교를 통해 세포 침투뿐만 아니라 라디칼 소거활성 및 ROS 소거 활성도 세포 보호 효과에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 광증감 반응으로 유도된 세포막 파괴에 대한 보호작용은 항산화제들의 세포 침투, 자유라디칼 및 ROS 소거 활성이 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1998

The effect of heat treatment in the light on the subsequent CO2 fixation was studied with isolated spinach chloroplasts to define the role of light during heat stress. The degree of inhibition in CO2 fixation after heat treatment at 35$^{\circ}C$ under full light intensity (600W/$m^2$) was same as that in the dark. However, heat treatment of isolated chloroplasts in the light manifested thylakoidal damage, which did not occur in the dark. Under weak light (10~30 W/$m^2$ ) where no thylakoidal damage occurred, the inhibition was substantially alleviated , showing protective effect of light . The inhibition caused by heat treatment in the dark or light is prevented by the addition of a few combined compounds to the medium prior to treatment. Fructose-1-6- bisphosphate(with aldolase)and ribose-5-phosphate, known to be effective combined with oxaloacetate in preventing inhibition after heat treatment in the dark were equally effective in the light even without oxaloacetate. Addition of sugar phosphate reduced the Mehler reaction, which may occur in fast rae under high light. However, the addition of bicarbnate and catalase that would remove Mehler reaction did not provide any protection, indicating that protective role of sugar phosphate is elsewhere. Furghermore, in whole plants rapid recovery from heat stress was observed in the light. The apparently lesser or equal inhibition in spite of additional thylakoidal damage under heat stres in the light and less requirement for the protection against heat treatment suggest that the inhibitory effect of heat stress is alleviated by light treatment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1988

To gain insight into possible cellular protective mechanisms against the insult of formaldehyde, we have investigated this molecule's reactivity with both naturally occurring thiol compounds including glutathione and L-ascorbic acid. By UV measurements, for maldehyde was found to rapidly react with glutathione forming an S-hydroxymethyl covalent adduct. The adduct which was confirmed by NMR is transiently stable. Formaldehydissimilar to its reaction with dimedone. The reaction of formaldehyde with glutathione was reduced by 40% in the presence of an excess amount of L-ascorbic acid, due to the trapping of formaldehyde by L-ascorbic acid. The data suggest that L-ascorbic acid may have a possible in vivo role in the metabolism of formaldehyde, thereby protecting cellular glutathione from possible depletion.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2005

The changes in secondary electron emission coefficient(${\gamma}$) and work function($\Phi$$_{\omega}$) have been studied on the surface of MgO protective layer aster plasma(Ar. $O_2$) treatment using ${\gamma}$-focused ion beam (${\gamma}$-FIB) system. The values of ${\gamma}$ varied as follows: $O_2$-treated MgO > Ar-treated MgO > Non-treated MgO, and the work functions varied in the reverse order. The result indicates that both the physical etching and the chemical reaction of $O_2$-plasma removed the contaminating materials from the surface of MgO.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2002

To investigate whether Puerariae radix (PR) possesses protective effect against ethanol (EtOH)-inducecl apoptosis in the central nervous system, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, flow cytometric analysis, DNA fragmentation assay. and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed on human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. Morphological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that SK-N-MC cells treated with EtOH exhibit classical apoptotic features. On the other hand, cells pre-treated with PR prior to EtOH exposure showed decreased occurrence of classical apoptotic features. In addition, it was shown that PR pre-treatment inhibits EtOH-induced increases in the levels of mRNA expression of bax and caspase-3, while it further enhances the level of bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that PR may exert protective effects against EtOH-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 소방방화복의 무게가 최대 신체활동 후 신체의 평형성과 민첩성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 한다. 신체의 정적평형성 평가를 위하여 눈감고 한발로 서기와 동적평형성 평가로는 평균대 걷기를 실시하였으며, 신체의 정적민첩성 평가는 전신반응검사 동적민첩성 평가는 반복 옆뛰기를 실시하였다. 연구결과 최대 지친 상태에서 소방방화복의 무게는 신체의 정적평형성과 동적민첩성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 향후 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 실제적인 연구에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.