• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.140-157
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• 2012

The result of a study on the useful trend of plants related to landscape and how to plant and cultivate through 'ImwonGyeongjaeji Manhakji'of Seoyugu is as follows: First, 'ImwonGyeongjaiji Manhakji', composed of total 5 volumes (General, Fruit trees, vegetables and creeper, plants, others) is a representative literature related to landscape which described the names of plants and varieties, soil condition, how to plant and cultivate, graft, how to prevent the insect attack etc systematically. Second, he recorded the tree planting as Jongjae(種栽) or Jaesik(栽植), and the period to plant the trees as Jaesusihoo(栽樹時候), transplanting as Yijae(移栽), making the fence as Jakwonri(作園籬), the names of varietieis as Myeongpoom(名品), the suitable soil as Toeui(土宜), planting and cultivation as Jongye(種藝), treatment as Euichi(醫治), protection and breeding as Hoyang(護養), garden as Jeongwon(庭園) or Wonpo(園圃), garden manager as Poja(圃者) or Wonjeong(園丁). Third, the appearance frequency of plants was analyzed in the order of flowers, fruits, trees, and creepers and it showed that the gravity of deciduous trees was 3.7 times higher than that of evergreen trees. The preference of flower and trees, fruit trees and deciduous trees and broad-leaved trees includes (1) application of the species of naturally growing trees which are harmonized with the natural environment (2) Aesthetic value which enables to enjoy the beauty of season, (3) the trend of public welfare to take the flowers and fruits, (4) the use of symbolic elements based on the value reference of Neo-Confucianism etc. Fourth, he suggested the optimal planting period as January(上時) and emphasized to transplant by adding lots of fertile soil and cover up the seeds with soil as high as they are buried in accordance with the growing direction and protect them with a support. That is, considering the fact that he described the optimal planting period as January by lunar calendar, this suggests the hints in judging the planting period today. For planting the seeds, he recommended the depth with 1 chi(寸 : approx. 3.3cm), and for planting a cutting, he recommended to plant the finger-thick branch with depth 5 chi(approx. 16.5cm) between January and February. In case of graft of fruit trees, he described that if used the branch stretched to the south, you would get a lot of fruit and if cut the branches in January, the fruits would be appetizing and bigger. Fifth, the hedge(fence tree) is made by seeding the Jujube tree(Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis) in autumn densely and transplanting the jujube tree with 1 ja(尺 : approx. 30cm) interval in a row in next autumn and then binding them with the height of 7 ja(approx. 210cm) in the spring of next year. If planted by mixing a Elm tree(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica) and a Willow(Salix koreensis), the hedge whose branch and leaves are unique and beautiful like a grating can be made. For the hedge(fence tree), he recommended Trifoliolate orange(Poncitus trifoliata), Rose of sharon(Hibiscus syriacus), Willow(Salix koreensis), Spindle tree(Euonymus japonica), Cherry tree(Prunus tomentosa), Acanthopanax tree(Acanthopanax sessiliflorus), Japanese apricot tree(Prunus mume), Chinese wolf berry(Lycium chinense), Cornelian tree(Cornus officinalis), Gardenia(Gardenia jasminoides for. Grandiflora), Mulberry(Morus alba), Wild rosebush(Rosa multiflora) etc.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

In wireless internet, the location information of the user is one of the important resources for many applications. One of these applications is Location-Based Services (LBSs) which are being popular. Because, in the LBS system, users request a location-based query to LBS servers by sending their exact location, the location information of the users can be misused by adversaries. In this regard, there must be a mechanism which can deal with privacy protection of the users. In this paper, we propose a cloaking method considering both features of K-anonymity and L-diversity. Our cloaking method creates a minimum cloaking region by finding L number of buildings (L-diversity) and then finding number of users (K-anonymity). To support this, we use a R*-tree based index structure and use filtering methods especially for the m inimum cloaking region. Finally, we show from a performance analysis that our method outperforms the existing grid based cloaking method.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1995

This paper discusses scientific books and journal articles in the fields of Entomology, Plant Pathology, Weed Science and Sericulture of North Korea. Most research in the fields of plant protection and sericulture are carried out in the respective research institute of their Academy of Agricultural Sciences. But scientific papers are published in a general agricultural journal. "Bulletin of Korean Academy of Agricultural Sciences", in the case of those in the field of plant protection and in a more specific journal. "Sericulture", in the case o the other. The main interests of entomologists, plant pathologists and weed scientists seem to be how to control pests on rice, com and apple. They do not appear to have many kinds of agricultural chemicals and concentrate their control strategy on the basis of non-chemical mans. Research papers in sericulture are evenly divided between on the silkworm and the mulberry tree, including their pest control.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2019

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an acute respiratory disease, causing economic losses in poultry production. IBV commonly manifests respiratory disease symptoms and poor egg quality in poultry, affecting overall performance of both broilers and layers. IBV infection further predisposes poultry to secondary opportunistic bacterial infections. IBV undergoes rapid genetic evolution resulting in various new strains. There is no cross protection among IBV serotypes which makes full protection against wild-type IBV virtually impossible. In this study, recently isolated IBVs (K24/18, K29/18, K183/18) from Korean broiler farms were genetically analyzed based on S1 gene. According to the results, IBV isolates showed highest homology with QX-IBV. However, phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that isolates were divided into distinct sub-clusters within QX-IBV. To determine pathogenicity of IBV, day-old chicks were challenged with IBV through ocular route. After challenging the chicks, we executed microscopic examination, virus detection in their organs, and observation of clinical signs and mortality. We found that the K24/18, K29/18, K183/18 challenge groups showed 28%, 57%, and 42% mortality, respectively, with high microscopic trachea lesion scores, indicating that these QX-IBV-like strains are pathogenic to chicks and can therefore be a threat to poultry production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.557-561
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• 1998

A die-back fungus isolated from Pinus koraiensis was identified as Cenangium ferruginosum. Mycelial growth of the fungus was the best on PDA among five media tested. Mycelial growths on agar media supplemented with extracts from coniferous trees were relatively better than those on media with extracts from non-coniferous trees. Optimum temperature and pH for the mycelial growth of C. ferruginosum on PDA were $10^{\circ}C$ and pH 5, respectively. When five-years-old P. koraiensis seedlings were artificially inoculated with the fungus for the pathogenicity test of this fungus, 80% of seedlings were infected. and the same symptoms and signs were developed as those of naturally-infected trees.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.514-531
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• 2018

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; Genus Orthotospovirus: Family Tospoviridae) is one of the most destructive viruses affecting a wide range of horticultural crops on a worldwide basis. In 2015 and 2016, 171 leaf and fruit samples from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with viral symptoms were collected from the fields in various regions of Iran. ELISA test revealed that the samples were infected by TSWV. The results of RT-PCR showed that the expected DNA fragments of about 819 bp in length were amplified using a pair of universal primer corresponding to the RNA polymerase gene and DNA fragments of ca 777 bp and 724 bp in length were amplified using specific primers that have been designed based on the nucleocapsid (N) and non-structural (NSs) genes, respectively. The amplified fragments were cloned into pTG19-T and sequenced. Sequence comparisons with those available in the GenBank showed that the sequences belong to TSWV. The high nucleotide identity and similarities of new sequences based on the L, N, and NSs genes showed that minor evolutionary differences exist amongst the isolates. The phylogenetic tree grouped all isolates six clades based on N and NSs genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Iranian isolates were composed a new distinct clade based on a part of polymerase, N and NSs genes. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study on molecular characterization and genetic diversity of TSWV isolates from tomato in Iran that could be known as new clade of TSWV isolates.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data by analyzing and analysing the Growth Conditions of old Trees in Yangdong village. This study investigated about the conducted on tree information, soil information, and tree health. The result are as follows. The trees information in Yangdong Village consists of Juniperus chinensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix pseudolasiogyne, Celtis sinensis, Zelkova serrata, Gleditsia japonica, and Gleditsia sinensis trees, The range of height was 4.0~17.0m, and the diameter was 0.51~1.34m, Juniperus chinensis trees of No.17 was most large. In the results of soil analysis, there showed that acidity was pH4.1~6.3, hardness of 5~48mm, organic matter content of 21.2~29.1g/kg, electrical conductivity(EC) of 0.34~1.76dS/m, available P₂O₅ of 79.8~451.6mg/kg, exchangeable K of 0.22~1.71cmol+/kg, exchangeable Ca of 4.98~7.44cmol+/kg, exchangeable Mg of 0.67~2.19cmol+/kg, exchangeable Na of 0.19~1.04cmol+/kg and cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) of 7.23~13.02cmol+/kg. As a result, the highest number of tree health levels is 8 of 11trees of Celtis sinensis, 2 of 7trees of Zelkova serrata, and 3 of Gleditsia sinensis, and 13 of 30 trees of health levels, The Older trees with high infection, spoil and hollowed part were the remaining trees except for the healthy part. Relatively, more than half of the number of targets is infected, decay, and the hollowed site, and it is necessary to perform surgery on the damaged area. In addition, preservation and protection measures should be implemented by supplying root nutrients for trees, controlling nutrients in the body to prevent secondary and tertiary damages that cause the infection site to metastasize to the health site, In order to continually monitor the trees, measures to improve the location environment and management of the trees should be sought.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 1995

Five non-stratified plant communities, Dichanthium-Artemisia-Themeda, Dichanthium- Plectranthes-Themeda, Plectranthes-Carex-Myrine, Heteropogon- Dichanthium-Dodonaea and Artemisia-Cynodon-Ber-beris were recognized in Girbanr hills, District Swat, during autumn, 1992. The indices of similarity showed that the communities were dissimilar. The percentage of leptophyllous and nanophyllous, terophytic and nanophanerophytic species were higher than other groups. These indicate dry and disturben conditions. Due to autumn season most of the species were entering in dormant stage. There was no tree layer on southern slopes while northern slopes had a poor layer of Pinus roxburghii. Deforestation, uprooting, terrace cultivation and overgrazing followed by erosion are the main ecological problems. The presence of isolated trees of Pinus roxburghii and stunted Olea ferruginea indicate that the original vegetation might have been of chirpine or Olea-Pinus type. The area having resource potential can be changed into a forest or rangeland by proper protection and management. Suggestions in favour of improvement are given.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.20.1-20.6
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• 2013

Bambusa arundinacea family Graminae, is one of the precious plant resources of the earth. It has played a significant role in human civilization since ancient times. It is tall sized tree growing throughout India, moist parts of India. It also occurs in Sri Lanka, Malaya, Peru and Myanmar. The different parts of this plant contain silica, cholin, betain, cynogenetic glycosides, albuminoids, oxalic acid, reducing sugar, resins, waxes, benzoic acid, arginine, cysteine, histidine, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, protein, gluteline, contains lysine, methionine, betain, cholin, proteolytic enzyme, nuclease, urease. Various parts of this plant such as leaf, root, shoot and seed possess anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anthelmintic, antifertility, antibacterial, insectisidal, antiarthritic, vessele protection etc. This review mainly focuses on the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological information of Bambusa arundinacea.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2008

RFID technology has been gradually expanding its application. One of the important performance issues in RFID systems is to resolve the collision among multi-tags identification on restricted area. We consider a new anti-collision scheme based on Class Identification algorithm using Depth-First scheme. We evaluate how much performance can be improved by Class identification algorithm in the cases of Query-tree more then 17% identification rate and 150% performance.