• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 1988

In order to quantify the contribution of cosmic-ray ionizing component to the dose given by natural background radiation, a series of measurement has been carried out using LiF TLDs for about one and a half years on quarterly basis. Three different types of LiF TLDs namely, chips and PTFE based disks of $^{7}LiF$, and the same disks of $^{6}LiF$ for identifying possible contribution of neutron component were used. Measurements were made by placing badge-incased TLDs in a lead castle of 10 to 15cm thick installed in a room on the third floor of a four-story building in CNU Daedeok campus for 5 cycles of 90 days. For comparison a series of spectrometric study was also performed for the energy region over 3MeV using a 3'${\phi}\;{\times}\;3$'NaI(Tl) scintillation detector in association with an MCA of 1024 channels, and it was found that the data obtained by the TLDs placed in the lead castle indicate 75% of the dose given by outdoor cosmic-ray component. The results obtained by the TLDs through correction for shielding loss show that the outdoor dose contribution of ionizing component of cosmic rays at this campus is $34.3{\pm}1.1nGy/h$ which satisfactorily agrees with that expected for our particular location of measurement.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.539-569
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• 2013

Article 1 of the Korea Copyright Act stipulates that the purpose of this Act is to protect the rights of authors and the rights neighboring on them and to promote fair use of works in order to contribute to the improvement and development of culture. Hence, the improvement and development of culture is the final goal of the Copyright Act and should be the essential standard of the interpretation and application of the law. However, most of Korean copyright scholars do not explain the meaning of it and they even assume that protection of the copyright and promotion of fair use themselves are deemed as it. The meaning of the improvement and development of culture should be derived from the Constitution and there is a principle of the nation of culture as one of the basic constitutional principles. Pursuant to the principle of the nation of culture, the improvement and development of culture means maximization of the right of enjoyment from culture by the building of the ecology for the sustainable production and consumption of the works. This should be not only the legislative purpose of the Copyright Act but also the goal of culture policy.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

Background: Phosphogypsum is material produced as a byproduct in fertilizer industry and is generally used for building materials. This material may contain enhanced radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) activity concentration compared to its natural concentration that may lead to indoor radon accumulation. Therefore, an accurate measurement method is proposed in this study to determine ²²⁶Ra activity concentration in phosphogypsum sample, considering the potential radon leakage from the sample container. Materials and Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) phosphogypsum reference material was used as a sample in this study. High-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry was used to measure the activity concentration of the ²²⁶Ra decay products, i.e., ²¹⁴Bi and ²¹⁴Pb. Marinelli beakers sealed with three different sealing methods were used as sample containers. Due to the potential leakage of radon from the Marinelli beaker (MB), correction to the activity concentration resulted in gamma spectrometry is needed. Therefore, the leaked fraction of radon escaped from the sample container was calculated and added to the gamma spectrometry measured values. Results and Discussion: Total activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra was determined by summing up the activity concentration from gamma spectrometry measurement and calculated concentration from radon leakage correction method. The results obtained from ²¹⁴Bi peak were 723.4 ± 4.0 Bq·kg^-1 in MB1 and 719.2 ± 3.5 Bq·kg^-1 in MB2 that showed about 5% discrepancy compared to the certified activity. Besides, results obtained from ²¹⁴Pb peak were 741.9 ± 3.6 Bq·kg^-1 in MB1 and 740.1 ± 3.4 Bq·kg^-1 in MB2 that showed about 2% difference compared to the certified activity measurement of ²²⁶Ra concentration activity. Conclusion: The results show that radon leakage correction was calculated with insignificant discrepancy to the certified values and provided improvement to the gamma spectrometry. Therefore, measuring ²²⁶Ra activity concentration in TENORM (technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material) sample using radon leakage correction can be concluded as a convenient and accurate method that can be easily conducted with simple calculation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.11-20
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• 2021

Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the world is facing the most serious crisis since the Great Depression, and is facing a new paradigm of the Untact era. Korea has also announced various policies and legal systems, including the 'Korean version of the New Deal', but it is conflicting between the use of information and the protection of information. In this paper, we derive thresholds by analyzing policies, statutes and technologies in the public cloud. Based on this, we propose to introduce the "Building a Nationwide Public Virtual Machine" as a key task to secure the next-generation national growth engine so that all citizens can use digital services in a secure and reliable environment with equal access to information. Through this, all citizens can use various digital new technology services only with low-priced and low-specification terminals, and by establishing a dedicated center for information protection, we want to respond to rapidly increasing security threats. It also points out that the domestic cloud-related legal system only emphasizes the use of information while overlooking the importance of security, and suggests the right direction for the legal system to move forward.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.552-559
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• 2011

China is a one of the largest agricultural countries in the world. China consumes around 12.5 billion kilograms of seeds each year. Suchhuge demand for seeds has made the Chinese seed market more and more attractive for investment. Through analysis on the present situation and existing problems of the seed industry in China and based on the current Chinese seed industry development, some future prospects for investments are indicated. This investigation was carried out to propose the appropriate strategies on the development of the Korea seed industry as it considers its entry into the China seed market as a new growth engine in the agricultural sector. The basic law regulating the Chinese seed industry is the PRC Seed Law that generally refers to the protection of germplasm resources, verification of varieties, seed quality issues, the import and export of seeds, seed administrative management, and various rights and obligations. The regulations were aimed at the protection of the rights concerning new varieties of plants. China has two main industry associations, the National Seed Association and the China Seed Industry IP Union, that are non-profit associations consisting of entities and people engaging in the seed scientific research, production, operation and management. The China National Seed Group Co., Ltd. ("Sino Seeds") is the market leader in China regarding the seed industry. The chinese government, however, encourages investment from multinational companies as well as importation of modern crop planting management technologies and equipment. It supports the entry of investors with proven experiences in breeding and germplasm resources expansion and R&D. There has never been a better time for multinational companies with proven seed industry experience to look at building relationships with the Chinese government and enterprises.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.465-473
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• 2013

Concrete is an outstanding material in terms of its impact and blast resistance performance. However, there a limitation of concrete is its risk of collapse due to the brittle failure and spalling. Increasing the thickness of members was used as a method to enhance the protective performance of concrete, despite the resulting inefficient space. To solve this problem, different types of fiber reinforced concrete were developed. Recently, another type of fiber reinforced concrete is also being developed and applied as a material that offers protection against impacts and blasts by increasing the flexural toughness of concrete. In this study, the test was conducted to evaluate the impact resistance performance of fiber reinforced concrete and mortar according to impact of high-velocity projectile. A concrete T-wall was also tested to evaluate its protective performance from fragment by 155mm-thick artillery shell. The test results revealed that improving flexural strength through fiber reinforcement inhibited cracks and spalling of rear, and spalling of front by high-velocity impact. As such, it is expected to improve the protective performance of the T-wall and reduce the thickness of the member.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2017

In order to understand the efficacy of submerged breakwater constructed for the beach protection, laboratory experiments were carried out by observing the characteristics of flow around a single shore-parallel submerged breakwater. The velocity field near the shoreline was measured by utilizing the LSPIV (Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) technique, and mean surface and wave height distributions were observed around the submerged breakwater, according to various combinations of incident waves and submerged breakwaters. In this experiment, it was found that the mean flow pattern behind the submerged breakwater was determined by the balance among the gradients of mean water surface and excess wave-momentum flux (i.e., radiation stress tensors) which interact with the wave-induced current developed by the gradients on the rear and the side of the submerged breakwater. The divergent and convergent flow patterns behind the submerged breakwater (i.e., accretion and erosion response) of the numerical study of Ranasinghe et al.(2010) were observed in the measured velocity distributions, and their empirical formula mostly agreed with the experimental results. However, for some cases in this experiment, it was difficult to say that the flow pattern was one of them and was agreed with the empirical formula.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

Securing fire safety using only fire-fighting facilities is difficult because causes of modern fire vary, such as architectural structures and building use patterns. In order for fire safety to be guaranteed by enacting and revising fire regulations reflecting the fire hazard characteristics and user's characteristics, the introduction of fire influence evaluation (fire risk assessment) system needs to be considered in a timely manner to be adopted but unfortunately two attempts before have failed. In this study, a fire case of urban lifestyle housing was surveyed to introduce a fire influence evaluation system and a field survey on the actual condition of the 414 urban lifestyle housing buildings and fire & evacuation simulation results of one representative building in Suyoung-gu and Nam-gu District of Busan Metropolitan City were analyzed. The necessity, procedures and implementation method of fire influence evaluation system were questioned and tested by the professional fire experts, fire officers and firefighters and architects. On the basis of these facts, introduction of (fire influence evaluation system) should be absolutely adopted and the fire department and fire regulation are eligible to implement the system. Therefore, fire regulation needs to be enacted or revised in accordance with the new fire environment and fire safety system that needs to be built up. Accordingly, aggressive promotion through public hearings on the necessity of fire impact assessments, consensus among departments and fostering experts to carry out fire influence evaluation system will be the core.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

Urban park planning has become difficult due to the lack of municipal funds. Thereupon, a special scheme was imposed for city park planning. Since then, a legal amendment was made for economical improvement and more active participation. However, there are a lot of questions about whether it was a suitable direction for parks and where it should be emphasized for public interest. Base on these concerns, this study examined the basis and characteristics of location, creation, and maintenance of private development parks in Japan, which was the policy model of Korean private parks. Location and space planning of private development parks was made up considering an effective green network and disaster prevention function, and a minimum area was about 1.42ha. The minimum area, 1ha, was established on the basis of considering realistic possibilities, disaster protection, and universal validity. It was also amended to consider the standard of type two mid- to high-rise exclusive residential areas and consultation with regional governance. Finally, it was built on the lowest limit of ordinance of the relevant city; for example, 100% of the floor area ratio, 30% of the building coverage ratio, and the maximum height of 11 stories, etc. For maintenance, private and public sectors were working together. Maintenance fees for 35 years (based on $300yen/m^2$ per month) were paid en bloc by the licensee. However, the city was paid for facilities that accompanied excessive maintenance costs. Meanwhile, it seemed difficult to introduce attractive profit facilities because of the limitations in location, usage permission, and introduction equipment; furthermore, there were problems with management authority, and the burden of expenses was deducted. For creating private Korean parks, this study suggested that we should build priority of creating city parks and select appropriate locations first; also, we need to make criteria for location, creation, and standard management rules that are relevant to the whole nation of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.557-566
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• 2019

The construction industry has the most safety accidents of any of the domestic industries. Special care must be taken because disasters in the construction industry lead to social problems caused by huge property losses and casualties. As a result, there is a growing awareness of disasters occurring in the construction industry, and government departments are tightening their regulations on safety management. In particular, the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Agency) focuses on the expansion of protection targets and the clarification of responsibility in the full amendment OSHA. As a result, a study that focuses on the client's responsibility for safety management is needed. In this study, the project performance capability assessment of construction project management contractors, which is being carried out with uniform assessment criteria without considering the characteristics of the construction project, is considered and all the amendments to the OSHA are considered, and the factors were derived for improvement measures.