• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2018

Also, t-cincreaseisdecreasein order In hydroponics, the accumulation of inorganic ions in the root zone are closely related to the irrigation volume. Therefore, the effects of irrigation volume on the growth and yield of tomatoes are very signigicant. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation volume on inorganic ions of root zone in hydroponic culture using coir substrate. The irrigation volume was adjusted to 4 levels depending on the integrated solar radiation for each growth period. The drainage ratio was calculated by daily amount of irrigation and drainage. The higher irrigation volume is, drainage ratio and water absorption tended to increase. But, the water absorption in the treatment of high irrigation volume was decreased in February and March compared to the treatment of medium high irrigation volume. By calculating monthly average irrigation volume and the drainage ratio, 120 to 1$40J/cm^2$ in January, 100 to $120J/cm^2$ in February, 80 to $100J/cm^2$ in March, 70 to $90J/cm^2$ in April and 60 to $75J/cm^2$ in May was detected as appropriate irrigation volume ranges which drainage ratio was 20-30%. The higher irrigation volume, the lower the concentration of ions decrease, which could prevent the accumulation of nutrients in the root zone. However, due to the characteristics of the coir substrate that absorbs ions, concentration of ions was significantly high when the drainage ratio was 20-30%. However, concentrations of P and K were sometimes lower in the drainage than that of irrigation water regardless of the treatment. Mg and S were the most highly accumulated ions even in the treatment of high irrigation volume. In low radiation season, there was no difference in the ion concentration in the drainage depending on the irrigation volume. In high radiation season, the lower irrigation volume, resulted to the higher ion concentration in the drainage. After March, it was difficult to prevent the increase of ions concetration in the drainage by only adjusting irrigation volume. Thus, it is necessary to decrease the EC of irrigation solution to prevent the accumulation of nutrients in the root zone.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 2016

A new type of doenjang was manufactured by mixing soaked soybean, koji (Rhizopus oryzae), cheonggukjang (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MJ1-4 and B. amyloliquefaciens EMD17), and Pichia farinosa SY80 as a yeast, salt, and water, followed by fermentation with koji that was made by fermenting whole wheat with R. oryzae. The mixed culture doenjang was designed to have a more palatable flavor and stronger biological activities than the conventional product. The extract of mixed culture doenjang showed higher antioxidant activity than the commercial doenjang as evaluated by the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay although it was not significantly different from the commercial product in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activities. Further, the mixed culture doenjang reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and protected cells from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity more efficiently in human hippocampal HT22 neuroblastoma cells than the commercial doenjang. In conclusion, a newly-developed mixed culture doenjang had a strong antioxidant activity in vitro and cultured cell model systems, exhibited a potential to prevent oxidative stress-associated disorders although animal and clinical studies are needed to confirm its in vivo efficacy.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the structure and characteristics for the reproduction of the armor in the Unified Silla period, and then reproduce and utilize it as a cultural content. In the armor reproduction project excavated from Jaemaejeong, Gyeongju. Jaemaejeong armor is consisting of Singap (身甲, body armor), Sanggap (裳甲, hip armor), and Sangbakgap (上膊甲, upper arm armor) at the time of excavation. Unlike the armor of the Three Kingdoms period, Singap and Sanggap are separated. Singap is Yangdangsik (裲襠式, side opening method) and Gyunggap (頸甲, gorget) was not unearthed, Sangbakgap was divided into a part that protects the left and right upper arms and a part that protects the chest, so that the unexcavated head and neck cover of the helmet can be protected to the shoulder. In addition, in the case of Chalgap (札甲, lamellar armor), the Oejungsik (外重式, folded from outside to inside) is mainly used, but it is peculiar that Naejungsik (內重式, folded from inside to outside) is used in Sangbakgap of Jaemaejeong armor. It is presumed that this was used as a method to ensure that the armor were closely attached to the human body. In order to design with the parade armor of Gochwidae in Gyeongju based on the reproduced Jaemaejeong armor, the designer's imagination and historical work of the times were involved due to the characteristics of performance costumes. Reproduced armor as a cultural content should be considered indispensable to simplify and lighten clothing suitable for performances based on the excavated historical armor.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the daily application rate and amount of N and K with fertigation during different growth stages in semi-forcing culture of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Eunseongbaekdadagi). The diagnostic criteria for N and K also investigated based on petiole sap analysis. The dry weight increased slowly until 30 days after transplanting. The highest dry weights were observed at 60 days after planting, then it decreased. As the plant grew, the contents of N and K in the petiole sap and fruit of cucumber decreased. The daily uptake of N and K were highly correlated with the growing days. The $NO_3$ concentrations in petiole sap were in the range from 3,500 to 4,500 mgㆍ$L^{-1}$ in the early growth stage, but those were in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mgㆍ$L^{-1}$ after then. However, K concentration in petiole sap were in the rang from 5,000 to 7,000 mgㆍ$L^{-1}$ The fluctuation in petiole sap concentration of K was severe in the monthly fertigation and moderate in the daily fertigation. The fertigation by petiole sap diagnosis forced EC of soil to be low and yield to increase compared to the control.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2009

The goal of this study is to investigate the current conditions of apparels for the handicapped, identify the problems and recommend what are appropriate and functional apparels for the handicapped. The research method was to statistically process a survey on 200 handicapped by frequency analysis and cross tabulations. The study results are as follows. First, the degree of discomfort in daily activities was shown during toilet use and eating. Among clothes categories owned by the handicapped, most discomfort was felt in the order of everyday clothes, workout clothes, underwear, athletic shoes and working clothes. Second, children's clothing was most commonly preferred clothing style by handicap for the dwarfism. Comfortable clothes was preferred and relaxed, decent, and unique styles were preferred in the order. Soft feeling texture and absorbency was considered important as preferred clothing material. Third, sizes and designs were improvements wanted by the handicapped in apparel in the order. In addition, they wanted to wear apparel sensitive to the fashion just like the non-handicapped without showing the handicapped parts. There is a necessity for the government or municipalitiesto establish and run protected workplaces or independent workplaces for those who have studied apparel. The field is thought to require continuous and numerous follow-up studies such as researches on different physiques, standardization of apparel, segmentation of sizes and methods of producing custom apparel by function and handicap.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1253-1257
• /
• 2009

Exo-polysaccharide isolated from the culture of Grifola frondosa was modified by sodium periodate ($NaIO_4$) and sodium chlorite ($NaClO_2$) to delete polysaccharide part and phenolic compound, respectively, and was investigated what effect has each part of exo-polysaccharide against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). Oxidative stress on LLC-PK1 cell was measured by cell viability, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity. Exposure of LLC-PK1 cells to 1 mM AAPH for 24 hr resulted in significant decrease in cell viability, SOD, and GSH-px action, and significant increase in lipid peroxidation. The treatment of exo-polysaccharide and $NaIO_4$ modified sample protected LLC-PK1 cells from AAPH-induced cell damage such as cell viability, lipid peroxidation, SOD, and GSH-px activity in a dose dependant manner (10, 100, and $500{\mu}g/mL$). However, the treatment of $NaClO_2$ modified sample did not affect for cell viability, lipid peroxidation, SOD, and GSH-px activity. The antioxidant activity of exo-polysaccharide was significantly decreased on AAPH-induced LLC-PK1 cell system when phenolic compound was deleted. The antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with the content of phenolic compound of exo-polysaccharide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.60 no.4
• /
• pp.30-44
• /
• 2010

The definition of pregnancy has changed as society and its values have developed through different periods of history. In the ancient period, the definition of a woman's fertility was that female deities provided fecundity to barren women and barren land, and protected both the pregnant women during the period of gestation and also the land during the time of growth. These goddesses also administered the appropriate ceremonial rituals for conception and childbirth, and for planting and harvesting. After that, for the last 2,000 years, the most conspicuous icon has been "The Virgin Mary with the Infant Christ". Mary was the mother of Jesus Christ and model for Christian women. However, the centuries the image of woman and pregnancy has been changed, modern society through education, careers and job opportunities allows many women to be more than just a wife or a mother. Moreover, in the 21st century, many pregnant women want stylish maternity wear because they are proud and their minds are opened by these new icons of birth culture as like the pregnancy of many famous stars. From this the purposes of this study are as follows, Firstly, to study on the meaning of woman's fertility from ancient period to present time by social changes. Secondly, to investigate the historical concept of the maternity wear for current modern maternity fashion market. Finally, to expect to use this study would be helpful basic data for develop of the new researches of the maternity fashion in the future.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2019

There is a strong connection between the diet rich in antioxidants and the decreased incidence of cardiovascular and cancerous diseases. Diets that are rich in anti-oxidants particularly include fruits and vegetables containing the high amounts of vitamin A-E, carotenoids, and minerals. Different processing conditions applied for vegetables and plants results in the alteration of the nutrients present in them. Therefore the rationale of our study was to compare the antioxidant effects of different processed vegetables and plants and to see that which one of them showed best anti-oxidant activity. For this purpose, we have used acetaminophen induced oxidative stress model in mice to check the effects of processed apple, pear, carrot, cabbage, broccoli and radish. Our results have shown that the administration of these samples effectively decreased the expression of parameters related with oxidative stress like ALT, AST, catalase, superoxide dismutase, GPx and 8-OHdG. Moreover they also significantly protected the mice livers from APAP induced damage as shown by histological changes. Therefore our results have demonstrated the effects of processed fruits and vegetables in mice model of oxidative stress.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.541-545
• /
• 1998

This experiment carried out to compare the protective effects of some antioxidants to hydroxyl radicals in embryonic mouse whole brain tissue culture. The ICR mouse whole brain (13 embryonic day) was cultured in hydroxyl radical system in which radicals were generated by 20 mU / ml glucose oxidase (GO). In this experiment, to make ferrous iron from ferric iron, iron as an accelerator, and ascorbic acid as a reductant were used. For comparison of the protective effects to hydroxyl radicals, antioxidants such as desferrioxamine (DFX), laccase. water or ethanol extracts from Rhus Vemiciflua Stokes (RVS), and $\alpha$-tocopherol were used, because they relate to metal ion. The results of this experiment showed that all antioxidants protected effectively the cytotoxicity from hydroxyl radicals in the brain cultures. More than 70% of cell viabilities among different antioxidants was at 1 mM DFX, 1.43 $\mu\textrm{m}$ laccase, 12.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ water extract, 12.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ ethanol extract and 50 $\mu\textrm{m}$ $\alpha$-tocopherol individually, compared with 20 mU/ml GO alone. In comparison to the antioxidative activities of antioxidants, laccase and extracts from RVS showed strong antioxidative effects even at low concentration.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.171-181
• /
• 2015

With an increasing number of at-risk adolescents, the environmental and personal risk factors that have been building up inside them as a result of not feeling protected at school or at home are manifested externally as anxiety, depression, rage, complexes, lethargy, violence, and alienation. This study intends to help at-risk adolescents to discover what they are good at, nurture their dreams, and help them to develop themselves through various culture and arts experience programs so that they can have better self-esteem through the wholesome understanding of themselves. The objective of this study, in paticular, is to help young girls who are interested in the physical appearance to develop higher self-esteem through self-management and creative programs for related to fashion, beauty, culture, and the arts. A questionnaire survey on the appearance management behavior, the recognition of image, and the request for participation in a fashion styling program. It was prepared based on the appearance management behaviors during the adolescence, body image, and lifestyle analyzed with past studies. The characteristics of appearance management during adolescence were examined. An the appearance management program was developed that centered on yhe major variables, and a fashion and appearance management activity program was developed that centered on the appearance management techniques preferred by young girls based on the result of analysis.