• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4867-4868
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• 2016

Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the commonest solid malignancy seen in Omani elderly males 60-80 years of age. The Gleason grade is the most widely used grading system for prostatic carcinoma and is recommended by the World Health Organization. A peer review was carried out at the Pathology Department of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Oman, to assess the quality of reporting at the center. The aim of this study was to determine inter-observer variation among 7 pathologists working at a tertiary care center in Oman. A total of 47 consecutive prostatic biopsies were interdependently reviewed by seven pathologists and the results obtained were compared with each other and the original diagnosis. This peer review indicated a fair inter-observer agreement (0.482) among 7 pathologists in the department, with fair to moderate agreement when the results were compared to the reported diagnosis, comparable to the published literature. Dual and sub-specialty reporting are being instituted to improve the performance in this vital aspect of pathology.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

2-Chlorobenzoyl hydrazine refluxed with benzoyl isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate in ethanol for 3 hours to give benzamide derivative (1) and anilinederivative (2) on yield of 71%and 95%, respectively. Benzamide derivative (1) reacted with ethanolic sodium hydroxide on reflux to afford cyclization product (3), followed by general substitution reaction of two steps to give acetamide (5), and derivatived acetamides 7a-7k, while aniline derivative (2) reacted with ethanolic sodium hydroxide on reflux to afford another cyclization product (4). Thiol (4) reacted with N-phenyl chloroacetamide in the presence of potassim carbonate to give acetamide derivative (6). Compounds 1-7kwere evaluated for their growth inhibition against five cancer cell lines, including human lung carcinoma (A-549), human prostate cancer (DU145), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human malignant melanoma (SK-MEL-2) and human ovary malignant ascites (SK-OV-3) with sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. All compounds (1-7k) showed low inhibition activities under 50% on 100M concentration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3605-3616
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• 2015

Cancer is basically a class of disorder marked by uncontrolled proliferation of cells which have the potential to interfere with different systems of body like digestive, central nervous and circulatory systems by releasing hormones. Tumors that reside only in a specified location and show restricted growth are commonly characterized as benign tumors. When tumor cells grow and effectively spread to other body parts and potentially invade and damage healthy tissues they show various degrees of malignancy. Cancer may be caused by different factors like gene mutations, carcinogens and some medical factors that harm the immune system of the body. Symptoms of cancer are relatively varied and classified according to location, progression pattern and size of tumors as well. Different diagnostic tests are used for evaluation that depends on the type of cancer. Cancer management and chemo protocols also depend on the progression and site where it develops. Cancers like breast, lung, liver, colorectal, prostate, head and neck carcinoma are most commonly diagnosed in Pakistan. This review briefly describes the three most common cancers prevailing in Pakistan and their management evaluation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of mangiferin on the expression and activity of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and the invasion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$-stimulated human LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis showed that mangiferin significantly reversed TNF-$\alpha$-induced mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9 expression. Zymography data confirmed that stimulation of cells with TNF-$\alpha$ significantly increased MMP-9 activity. However, mangiferin substantially reduced the TNF-$\alpha$-induced activity of MMP-9. Additionally, a matrigel invasion assay showed that mangiferin significantly reduced TNF-$\alpha$-induced invasion of LNCaP cells. Compared to untreated controls, TNF-$\alpha$-stimulated LNCaP cells showed a significant increase in nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) luciferase activity. However, mangiferin treatment markedly decreased TNF-$\alpha$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ luciferase activity. Furthermore, mangiferin suppressed nuclear translocation of the NF-${\kappa}B$ subunits p65 and p50. Collectively, our results indicate that mangiferin is a potential anti-invasive agent that acts by suppressing NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated MMP-9 expression.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2022

Glycosyltransferase (GT)-specific degenerate PCR screening followed by in silico sequence analyses of the target clone was used to isolate a member of family1 GT-encoding genes from the established fosmid libraries of soil actinomycetes Micromonospora echinospora ATCC 27932. A recombinant MeUGT1 was heterologously expressed as a His-tagged protein in E. coli, and its enzymatic reaction with semi-synthetic phenoxodiol isoflavene (as a glycosyl acceptor) and uridine diphosphate-glucose (as a glycosyl donor) created two different glycol-attached products, thus revealing that MeUGT1 functions as an isoflavonoid glycosyltransferase with regional flexibility. Chromatographic separation of product glycosides followed by the instrumental analyses, clearly confirmed these previously unprecedented glycosides as phenoxodiol-4'-α-O-glucoside and phenoxodiol-7-α-O-glucoside, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the above glycosides are almost the same as that of parental phenoxodiol, whereas their anti-proliferative activities are all superior to that of cisplatin (the most common platinum chemotherapy drug) against two human carcinoma cells, ovarian SKOV-3 and prostate DU-145. In addition, they are more water-soluble than their parental aglycone, as well as remaining intractable to the simulated in vitro digestion test, hence demonstrating the pharmacological potential for the enhanced bio-accessibility of phenoxodiol glycosides. This is the first report on the microbial enzymatic biosynthesis of phenoxodiol glucosides.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2016

비뇨기암에서의 $^{18}F-FDG$를 이용한 PET-CT 검사는 해부학적 구조 및 $^{18}F-FDG$의 배출 경로로 인해 암 진단에 한계가 있다. 그러한 한계점을 보완 할 수 있는 검사 중 아세트산을 이용한 검사가 진행되고 있으며 비뇨기암 환자를 대상으로 $^{11}C-Acetate$ PET-CT 검사의 임상 적용에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 현재 본원에서 비뇨기암을 진단 받은 환자 중에 전립선암 환자 10명, 신세포암 환자 10명, 방광암 환자 2명을 총 22명을 임상 연구로 시행하였다. 모든 환자는 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET-CT 검사를 시행하였고, 평균 2주 정도의 기간 후에 $^{11}C-Acetate$ PET-CT 검사를 진행하였다. 검사 장비는 GE사의 D-710 PET-CT 장비를 사용했고, 검사 진행은 $^{11}C-Acetate$ 주사 후 15분 후에 PET-CT 검사를 시작하였고, $^{18}F-FDG$와 $^{11}C-Acetate$영상의 비교 평가는 핵의학과 전문의가 판별했다. 전립선암 환자의 경우 일반적으로 $^{18}F-FDG$의 섭취가 다른 암종에 비해 낮은 특징이 있다. 본원에서 연구된 10명의 환자 중 2명의 환자의 전이된 암이 $^{18}F-FDG$ 보다 $^{11}C-Acetate$의 섭취가 잘 나타났다. 신세포암의 경우 10명의 환자 중 8명의 환자에서 $^{18}F-FDG$ 보다 $^{11}C-Acetate$의 섭취가 확연히 잘 나타났다. 방광암 환자의 경우 방광의 $^{18}F-FDG$ 섭취가 너무 강하고, 이뇨제 사용여부와 환자의 조건이 맞지 않아 임상연구에서 제외하였다. 현재 임상 연구 진행 중인 검사로서 아직은 많은 환자에 대한 검사를 시행하지 못해서 이렇다 할 결과를 말하기에는 시기상조이다. 하지만, 해외에서는 이미 비뇨기암에서의 $^{11}C-Acetate$ PET-CT 검사가 어느 정도 유용하다는 논문이 많이 발표되었고, 본원에서도 현재 연구 진행 중이다. 보다 더 많은 환자에 대한 검사가 이루어진다면, 전립선암 환자에서 Prostatic specific antigen(PSA) 수치와 $^{11}C-Acetate$ PET-CT의 상관관계, 수술 전 환자에서의 조직 검사상의 Gleason sum 수치와의 상관관계, 다른 비뇨기암에서의 $^{18}F-FDG$ PET-CT 검사와 $^{11}C-Acetate$ PET-CT 검사 사이의 특이도, 민감도, 양성예측도, 음성예측도 등의 척도로서의 비교 등의 다양한 주제로서의 논문이 진행 될 수 있을 것이며, 비뇨기암에서의 $^{11}C-Acetate$ PET-CT 검사가 보다 더 활성화 되어 질 것이라 사료된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

Ficus carica L. (common fig), one of the first plants cultivated by humans, originated in the Mediterranean basin and currently grows worldwide, including southwest Asia and South Korea. It has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases as well as hemorrhoids and skin infections. Its pharmacological properties have recently been studied in detail, but research on the anti-cancer effect of its latex has been only been studied on a limited basis on several cell lines, such prostate cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of the latex of Ficus carica L.and its underlying mechanism in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. (See Ed. note above) We confirmed through SDS-PAGE analysis and gelatinolytic activity analysis that the latex of Ficus carica contains cysteine protease ficin. Our data showed that the latex inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the latex treatment markedly induced apoptosis in FaDu cells as determined by FACS analysis, elevated expression level of cleaved caspase-9, -3 and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), and. increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic factor) while decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic factor). Taken together, these results suggested that latex containing the ficin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis by caspase and the Bcl-2 family signaling pathway in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. These findings point to the potential of latex of Ficus carica to provide a novel chemotherapeutic drug due to its growth inhibition effects and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2009

목 적: 전립샘암 세포주 DU 145에서 엑스선과 중성자선에 의한 HIF-$1\alpha$와 아포프토시스 발현의 차이를 비교함으로써 엑스선과 중성자선의 방사선생물학적 차이의 기전을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 누드 마우스에 DU 145 전립샘암 세포주를 주입한 후 2 Gy 엑스선, 10 Gy 엑스선, 0.6 Gy 중성자선, 3.3 Gy 중성자선을 각각 조사했다. 엑스선을 조사한 군과 중성자선을 조사한 군에서 HIF-$1\alpha$, Bcl-2, Bax, 아포프토시스 발현 정도를 면역조직화학 염색과 western blotting을 이용하여 비교하였다. 아포토시스의 정도는 terminal deoxynucleotidyl biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) 염색을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결 과: 방사선 조사 1일째, X선을 조사한 군과 비교했을 때, 중성자선을 조사한 군에서 HIF-$1\alpha$와 Bcl-2의 발현은 감소하였고, Bax와 아포프토시스 세포의 수는 증가하였다. Bcl-2/Bax 비는 중성자선을 조사한 군에서 의미 있게 감소하였다. 이러한 HIF-$1\alpha$, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-2/Bax 비, 아포프토시스 발현의 차이는 방사선 조사 5일째에도 동일하게 유지되어 나타났다. 또한, HIF-$1\alpha$ 발현은 방사선 조사 5일째 Bcl-2 (p=0.031), Bax (p=0.037), TUNEL (p=0.016) 발현과 연관성을 보였다. 결 론: 중성자선 조사한 경우 엑스선에 비해 HIF-$1\alpha$와 Bcl-2 발현, Bcl-2/Bax 비가 감소하고, Bax 발현은 증가하였다. 중성자선 치료의 광자선과 다른 방사선생물학적인 반응은 HIF-$1\alpha$와 그로 인한 아포프토시스 관련 단백질 발현의 차이와 연관성이 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5339-5343
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• 2012

The induction of apoptosis in target cells is a key mechanism for most anti-tumor therapies. Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid that has the potential to induce differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Research on bufalin has so far mainly involved leukemia, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, and has been confined to in vitro studies. The bufadienolides bufalin and cinobufagin have been shown to induce apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cell. The present article reviews the anticancer effects of bufalin. It induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway and also suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner. Bufalin, bufotalin and gamabufotalin, key bufadienolides, significantly sensitize human breast cancer cells with differing ER-alpha status to apoptosis induction by the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, bufadienolides induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis more significantly than that in breast epithelial cell lines. Similar effects have been observed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the detailed molecular mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in this case are still unclear. Bufalin exerts profound effects on leukemia therapy in vitro. Results of multiple studies indicate that bufalin has marked anti-tumor activities through its ability to induce apoptosis. Large-scale randomized, double-blind, placebo or positive drug parallel controlled studies are now required to confirm the efficacy and apoptosis-inducing potential of bufalin in various cancers in the cliniucal setting.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9831-9834
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• 2014

Background: The prevalence of esophageal cancer (EC) with second primary cancers (SPC) is increasing worldwide. This study was aimed to understand the clinical features of EC patients with SPC in the Taiwanese population. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data for 180 EC patients with or without SPC were collected between January 2009 and December 2013. Information on treatment approaches, location of SPCs and ABO blood type were also collected and stratified. Results: The most common SPC in EC patients was hypopharyngeal cancer, followed by laryngeal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in our study. Malignancies of colon, prostate and lung were also found. There was a significant higher portion of blood type A in the EC patients with SPC compared with those without (42.4% vs 19.5%, P=0.006). Conclusions: The frequency and SPC site distribution and blood type A should be considered in clinical evaluation of EC patients with a high risk of developing SPC in the Taiwanese population.