• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.30-33
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• 1971

1. The present paper deals with the composition of organic acid in Porphyra tenera, roasted Porphyra tenera and Undaria pinnatifida. 2. There are little differences in the composition of organic acids among three of them, Porphyra tenera, roasted Porphyra tenera and Ucdaria pinnatifida. Butyric, propionic, acetic, fumaric, succinic, lactic, oxalic, malic, citric and unknown two acids were identifled by silica gel colcumn chromatography. 3. All of volatile organic acid, namely butyric, propionic and acetic acid in Porphyra tenera were decreased during the raosting.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.646-651
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• 1990

New optically active phosphonodipeptides were synthesized by coupling reaction of amino acids with 2-amino-3-(diethylphosphono)propionic acid methyl ester, prepared from L-serine.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.342-347
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• 2005

Photocurable hyperbranched acrylates were prepared from acrylic acid and hyperbranched polyol (HBP-16, 32, 64). Physical properties of three kinds of photocurable hyperbranched acrylated were investigated. Thermal stability of UV cured film measured by TGA shifted to higher temperature with increasing of functionality. Hardness, abrasion resistance, and tensile strength of UV cured film also increased with increasing functionality of acrylate. Weathering test for UV cured film showed the value of yellow index increased with increasing functionality of acrylate.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2013

3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (HPP) is a bacterial metabolite synthesized and released by an entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila K1. In this study, the control efficacy of HPP was tested against Phytophthora blight and anthracnose of red pepper plants. HPP suppressed mycelial growth of Phytophthora blight and anthracnose pathogens. Under natural sunlight condition, HPP maintained the antifungal activity on the diseases for at least twenty five days. The antifungal activity was not decreased even in the condition of soil-water. It was proved that HPP was able to penetrate the roots and travel upward of the red pepper plants. When HPP suspension was applied to soil rhizosphere before transplanting the red pepper seedlings or was regularly sprayed to the foliage of the plants with ten days interval, it resulted in significant reduction of the disease occurrences (Phytophthora blight and anthracnose) without any phytotoxicity. These results suggested that HPP can be developed to a systemic agrochemical against Phytophthora blight and anthracnose of red pepper plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.606-611
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• 2006

Decay during soybean sprout culture detracts their quality as well as increases their production costs. This study was done to determine the effects of acetic and propionic acids on growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. The soybean seeds of 3 cultivars (cv. Eunhakong, Pungsannamulkong and Orialtae) imbibed for 2 minutes at their different concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0.2%) were soaked for 6 hours in 4 ppm BA solution after the first 5.5 hour water imbibition and 0.5 hour aeration, and cultured at $20^{\circ}C$. On the 6th day, harvested soybean sprouts were classified into 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length;>7cm, 4 to 7cm,<4cm and not germinated, and their morphological characters, fresh weights, lesion spots on cotyledons were measured or analyzed. The stronger concentration the higher rate of longer than 4cm although there was no significant difference between the two acids. Pungsannamulkong showed the longest hypocotyls but Eunhakong did the thickest ones, and Orialtae did the greatest total fresh weight, in which all the characters were not influenced by the two acids and their concentrations. Lesion spots on the cotyledons were equal to the two acids although less in their treatments than in no treatment. Utilization of propionic acid was more desirable Dan acetic acid through their treatment cost analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.510-522
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• 2022

In this study, to biosynthesize PHA with properties more similar to polypropylene, a Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 strain that biosynthesized poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was isolated from soil. Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 strain biosynthesized PHBV containing 1.3% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) using reducing sugar contained in Makgeolli lees enzymatic hydrolysate (MLEH) as a single carbon source. As the amount of propionic acid, which was added as a second carbon source, increased, the content of 3HV also increased. PHBV containing up to 48.6% of 3HV was synthesized when 1.0 g/l of propionic acid was added. Based on these results, the strain was cultured for 72 hr in a 3 l fermenter using reducing sugar in MLEH (20 g/l) and propionic acid (1 g/l) as the main and secondary carbon sources, respectively. As a result, 6.4 g/l DCW and 50 wt% of PHBV (MLEH-PHBV) containing 8.9% 3HV were biosynthesized. Through gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis, it was confirmed that the average molecular weight and the decomposition temperature of MLEH-PHBV were 152 kDa and 273℃, respectively. In conclusion, the Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 strain could biosynthesize PHBV containing various 3HV fractions when MLEH and propionic acid were used as carbon sources, and PHBV-MLEH containing 8.9% 3HV was confirmed to have higher thermal stability than standard PHBV (8% 3HV).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.529-535
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• 2014

To examine the levels of preservatives that occur naturally in food, wild plants used as commercial teas, rice cakes, or spices were studied according to the method of the Korean Food Code and analyzed with a gas chromatograph and HPLC. The levels of the natural preservatives (sodium dehydroacetate, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, isopropyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate, butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and propionic acid) in 21 cases were investigated against 15 kinds of wild plants. Six of 15 kinds of wild plants, such as pine needles, bamboo leaf, kudzu leaf, ramie leaf, mugwort, and nut pine leaf, were confirmed to have had sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and propionic acid. 8.201-21.839 mg/kg of benzoic acid was detected in the bamboo leaf, ramie leaf, pine needles, mugwort, kudzu leaf, and nut pine leaf. The sorbic acid contents of the bamboo leaf and the kudzu leaf were 5.630-24.995 mg/kg, respectively. The propionic acid content of the ramie leaf was 61.324-62.726 mg/kg. Nine kinds of wild plants, such as the Korean berchimia leaf, taro leaf, sasa borealis, lotus leaf, kuansh, chrysanthemum zawadskii, oak tree leaf, Chinese pepper leaf, and persimmon leaf, were not detected at the levels of the natural preservatives.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the levels of the natural preservatives, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid, in raw unprocessed vegetables. Quantitative analysis of benzoic acid and sorbic acid was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Propionic acid was analyzed using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From a total of 497 samples, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid were found in 50 (10%), 8 (0.2%), and 61 samples (12.3%), respectively. The highest quantity of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid was found in peony root (1,057 mg/kg), nut-bearing torreya seeds (27.3 mg/kg), and myrrha (175 mg/kg), respectively. The background concentration range of naturally occurring preservatives in raw vegetables determined in this study could be used as standard inspection criteria to address consumer complaints and trade disputes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1711-1716
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• 2005

Fragmentations and ion-molecule reactions of ionized cyclohexane propionic acid and cyclohexane butyric acid were studied using FTMS and theoretical calculations. The difference in bond dissociation depending on the aliphatic chain length was investigated and mechanisms for the possible rearrangements depending on the aliphatic carbon length were suggested. The most abundant fragment ion of the ionized cyclohexane propionic acid was c-$C_6H_{11}CH_2\;^+$ formed from the molecular ion by the direct C-C bond cleavage, while that of the ionized cyclohexane butyric acid was c-$C_6H_9C(OH)=OH^+$ formed by rearrangement of the molecular ion from the acid to diol form and loss of propyl radical. Stabilities of the radical and distonic ions of $C_nH_{2n}O^{+\bullet}$ formed from the molecular ion were compared. Protonated molecules were dissociated into smaller ions by losing one or two water molecules. The $[nM + H]^+$, $[nM + H - H_2O]^+$, and $[nM + H - 2H_2O]^+$ with n = 2 and 3 were generated by solvation with the neutral molecules in the ICR cell at long ion trapping time.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2007

An accurate knowledge of the flash point is important in developing appropriate preventive and control measures in industrial fire protection. The lower flash points for the 2-propanol+acetic acid and 2-propanol+-n-propionic acid systems were measured by Cleveland open cup apparatus. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law, the Wilson equation and the NRTL(non random two liquids) equation. The calculated values based on the Wilson and NRTL equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. And the predictive curve of the flash point prediction model, based on NRTL equation described the experimentally-derived data were more effective than the case of the Wilson equation.